1922 Vallenar earthquake

Earthquake in Chile October 2024 1922 Vallenar earthquake 1922-11-11 04:32:51 official19221111043251_30 912062 10 November 1922 23:53 South America 8.3–8.6 w y, 8.7 t y 35.0 km mi 0 on XI -28.988 -70.704 type:event inline,title Chile, Argentina Yes 1,000 fatalities The 1922 Vallenar earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude of 8.3-8.6 and a tsunami magnitude of 8.7 in the Atacama Region of Chile, near the border with Argentina on 11 November at 04:32 UTC.ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1904-2020) http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php ISC International Seismological Centre Version 11 25 June 2024 Seismological Notes, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. "Seismological Notes" is a list of recent important earthquakes with short summaries included in each issue of the BSSA.Carvajal M. Cisternas M. Gubler A. Catalán P. A. Winckler P. Wesson R. L. Reexamination of the magnitudes for the 1906 and 1922 Chilean earthquakes using Japanese tsunami amplitudes: Implications for source depth constraints Journal of Geophysical Research 14 December 2016 122 1 4–17 10.1002/2016JB013269 2017JGRB..122....4C 132901262 free 10533/238858 free Abe Katsuyuki Size of great earthquakes of 1837–1974 inferred from tsunami data Journal of Geophysical Research 1979 84 B4 1561–1568 10.1029/JB084iB04p01561 1979JGR....84.1561A https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB04p01561. 8 August 2022 subscription It triggered a destructive tsunami that caused significant damage to the coast of Chile and was observed as far away as Australia. Tectonic setting The earthquake took place along the boundary between the Nazca and South American tectonic plates, at a location where they converge at a rate of seventy millimeters a year. Chile has been at a convergent plate boundary that generates megathrust earthquakes since the Paleozoic (500 million years ago). In historical times the Chilean coast has suffered many megathrust earthquakes along this plate boundary, including the strongest earthquake ever measured. Most recently, the boundary ruptured in 2010 in central Chile.https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010tfan/#summary Magnitude 8.8 – OFFSHORE MAULE, CHILE United States Geological Survey 6 March 2010 6 March 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100301114502/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010tfan/ 1 March 2010 dead Damage and deaths The earthquake caused extensive damage in a zone extending approximately from Copiapó to Coquimbo. Newspapers estimated more than 1,000 dead as a result of the quake, at least 500 of them in Vallenar."Thousands Die in Earthquake." Tulsa (OK) World, 13 November 1922, p. 1. The tsunami killed several hundred people in coastal cities, especially in Coquimbo. Total damage was estimated to be in the range of $5–25 million U.S. (1922 dollars).USGS, Historic Earthquakes.Chile-Argentina Border. 1922 November 11 04:32 UTC. Magnitude 8.5Dunbar, Paula K., Lockridge, Patricia A., and Whiteside, Lowell S., 1992, Catalog of significant earthquakes 2150 B.C. – 1991 A.D.: U. S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Characteristics Earthquake thumb|Damage in the Atacama Region The earthquake was preceded by strong foreshocks on 3 and 7 November. The main shock lasted between thirty seconds and eight minutes according to various reports. A maximum Mercalli-Sieberg intensity was XI assigned in Vallenar and the surrounding region was assigned X. Shaking intensity decreased further west towards the coast, ranging from VII to IX. The location closest to the tsunami source, Caldera, was assigned VII. This suggest an inland earthquake source.Gutenberg B. Tsunamis and earthquakes Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1939 29 4 523–526 10.1785/BSSA0290040517 1939BuSSA..29..517G https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/216194432.pdf A 2019 study in Geophysical Journal International suggested the earthquake ruptured the subduction zone interface. The tsunami triggered by the mainshock was large and corresponded with a tsunami magnitude (t) of 8.7. Estimates of the moment magnitude range from 8.3 to 8.6.Kanamori Hiroo Rivera Luis Ye Lingling Lay Thorne Murotani Satoko Tsumura Kenshiro New constraints on the 1922 Atacama, Chile, earthquake from Historical seismograms Geophysical Journal International 2019 219 1 645–661 10.1093/gji/ggz302 free The length of the plate boundary that ruptured during the earthquake is estimated to be 300 to 450 km.http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/tsunami/data/tsunamis_historico.pdf Tsunamis registrados en la costa de Chile SHOA (Servicio de Hidrográfico y Oceanográfico) Spanish 6 March 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20160222013208/http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/tsunami/data/tsunamis_historico.pdf 22 February 2016 dead Tsunami The epicenter of the earthquake was well inland and the tsunami may have been caused by a submarine slide triggered by the shaking.Gutenberg B. 1939 Tsunamis and earthquakes Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 29 4 517–526 10.1785/BSSA0290040517 1939BuSSA..29..517G http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/29/4/517 https://web.archive.org/web/20080906202450/http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/29/4/517 dead 6 September 2008 6 March 2010 At Caldera the tsunami began about 15 minutes after the earthquake, with a maximum run-up height of 7 m (23 ft). At Chañaral the tsunami had three surges, the first about an hour after the earthquake, the maximum run-up height was 9 m (30 ft). Three surges were also seen at Coquimbo, the last being the most destructive with a maximum run-up of 7 m (23 ft). The tsunami was also observed in Callao, Peru (2.4 m, 7.9 ft), California (0.2 m, 8 in 13.0 hours delay), Hawaii (2.1 m, 6.9 ft 14.5 hours), Samoa (0.9 m, 3 ft 14.1 hours), Japan (0.3 m, 1 ft), Taiwan (0.03 m, 1 in), New Zealand (0.1 m, 3.9 in), Australia (0.2 m, 7.9 in)http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16039915 Effect on Australian Tides The Sydney Morning Herald 1922 9 25 November 2013 and the Philippines (0.1 m, 3.9 in).http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=3202&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display https://web.archive.org/web/20170228163357/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=3202&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display dead 28 February 2017 Comments for 1922 tsunami NGDC 6 March 2010 See also List of earthquakes in 1922 List of earthquakes in Argentina List of earthquakes in Chile References External links 912062 Category:November 1922 Category:Megathrust earthquakes in Chile Vallenar Vallenar Earthquake, 1922 Category:1920s tsunamis Category:Tsunamis in New Zealand Category:1922 disasters in South America Category:1922 disasters in Oceania