1945 Nobel Prize in Literature

20px 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature Gabriela Mistral Swedish Academy 1901 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1945/summary/ Gabriela Mistral 3.jpg "for her lyric poetry, which inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world" 15 November 1945 (announcement) 10 December 1945 (ceremony) Stockholm, Sweden 1944 Nobel Prize in Literature 1946 The 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral (1889–1957) "for her lyric poetry, which inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world."The Nobel Prize in Literature 1945 nobelprize.orghttps://www.nytimes.com/1945/12/09/archives/the-1945-winner-of-the-nobel-award-gabriela-mistral.html The 1945 Winner of the Nobel Award, Gabriela Mistral 9 December 1945 New York Times Mildred Adams She is the fifth female and first Latin American recipient of the literature prize.Allison E. Peers 1946 Gabriela Mistral: A Tentative Evaluation https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14753825012331359810?journalCode=cbhs18 Bulletin of Spanish Studies 23 101–116 10.1080/14753825012331359810 Taylor & Francis Online subscription https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gabriela-Mistral Gabriela Mistral Encyclopedia Britannica Laureate Gabriela Mistral Lucila Godoy Alcayaga borrowed the pseudonym, Gabriela Mistral, from her favorite poets, Gabriele D'Annunzio and Frédéric Mistral. Her poetry is distinguished by intense emotion and straightforward language, having been influenced also by the modernist movement. Affection, deceit, sorrow, nature, travel, and love for children are some of their major themes. Mistral's first prominent poetry collection was Desolación ("Despair"), published in 1922. Ternura ("Tenderness"), published in 1924, contains nursery rhymes and lullabies for children whereas Tala ("Harvesting", 1938) makes use of strange imagery and free verse. She was well-known for writing op-eds for major Chilean newspapers such as El Coquimbo: Diario Radical and La Voz de Elqui. In her country, she became the first female to be awarded the National Prize for Literature.Gabriela Mistral – Facts nobelprize.org Deliberations Nominations Mistral received eight nominations beginning in 1940. For 1945, she was nominated by the newly inducted Swedish Academy member Elin Wägner (1882–1949) by which she was eventually awarded.Nomination archive – Gabriela (Lucile) Mistral (Godoy y Alcayaga) nobelprize.org In total, the Nobel Committee received 27 nominations for 22 writers. Five of the nominees were nominated first-time: Thomas Stearns Eliot (awarded in 1948), Yiorgos Theotokas, Edward Morgan Forster, and Marie Under. There were five female nominees namely Elisaveta Bagryana, Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício, Gabriela Mistral, Henriette Charasson and Marie Under.Nomination archive – 1945 nobelprize.org The nominations of the Armando Alvares Pedroso, Henriette Charasson, Teixeira de Pascoaes and Enrique Larreta were declared invalid by the Nobel Committee. The French poet Paul Valéry was nominated for the tenth, eleventh and twelfth time by three members of the Swedish Academy. It is believed that the Academy intended to award Valéry the prize in 1945, but he died in July.https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/the-nobel-prize-in-literature-nominations-and-reports-1901-1950/ The Nobel Prize in Literature - Nominations and reports 1901-1950 nobelprize.org The authors Maurice Baring, Ursula Bethell, Robert Brasillach, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Ernst Cassirer, Mário de Andrade, Margaret Deland, Lucie Delarue-Mardrus, Robert Desnos, Jelena Dimitrijević, Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, Maurice Donnay, Alfred Douglas, E. R. Eddison, Ioan Constantin Filitti, Zinaida Gippius, Ellen Glasgow, Josef Hora, Else Lasker-Schüler, Régis Messac, Arthur Morrison, Otto Neurath, Kitaro Nishida, Charles Gilman Norris, Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska, Alexander Roda Roda, Felix Salten, Lurana W. Sheldon, Antal Szerb, Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Charles Williams, Emmanuel Bove died in 1945 without having been nominated for the prize. The Dutch historian Johan Huizinga and Austrian-Bohemian author Franz Werfel died months before the announcement. Official list of nominees and their nominators for the prize No. Nominee Country Genre(s) Nominator(s)1Armando Alvares Pedroso (1907–1990)Cubabiography, essaysunnamednotes invalid Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committeehttp://libris.kb.se/bib/8345517 Nobelpriset i litteratur. Nomineringar och utlåtanden 1901–1950 Bo Svensén Swedish Academy 11 November 2020 (Svenska Akademien, 2001 9789113010076)2Elisaveta Bagryana (1893–1991) Kingdom of Bulgaria Bulgariapoetry, translation Stefan Mladenov (1880–1963)notes Nomination was originally sent in 1943, but was moved to the nomination list for 1945.3Nikolai Berdyaev (1874–1948) Soviet Union(Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 1937 Ukraine)philosophy, theologyAlf Nyman (1884–1968)4Edmund Blunden (1896–1974) United Kingdompoetry, essays, biographyHeinrich Wolfgang Donner (1904-1980)5Henriette Charasson (1884–1972) Vichy France Francepoetry, essays, drama, novel, literary criticism, biographyunnamedinvalid6Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício (1884–1947) Estado Novo (Portugal) Portugalpoetry, essaysAntónio Baião (1878–1961)7Teixeira de Pascoaes (1877–1952) Estado Novo (Portugal) Portugalpoetryunnamedinvalid8Georges Duhamel (1884–1966) Provisional Government of the French Republic Francenovel, short story, poetry, drama, literary criticismHjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953)9Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888–1965) United States 1912United Kingdompoetry, essays, dramaAnders Österling (1884–1981)10Johan Falkberget (1879–1967) Norwaynovel, short story, essaysEugenia Kielland (1878–1969)11Edward Morgan Forster (1879–1970) United Kingdomnovel, short story, drama, essays, biography, literary criticismGreta Hedin (1889–1949)12Johan Huizinga (1872–1945) NetherlandshistoryWillem van Eysinga (1878–1961) Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953)13Enrique Larreta (1875–1961) Argentinahistory, essays, drama, novelunnamedinvalid14Gabriela Mistral (1889–1957) ChilepoetryElin Wägner (1882–1949)15Arvid Mörne (1876–1946)Finlandpoetry, drama, novel, essaysGustav Suits (1883–1956)16Charles Ferdinand Ramuz (1878–1947)Switzerlandnovel, poetry, short storyMarcel Raymond (1897–1981)notes Ramuz was nominated by M. Raymond and a number of professors of French, German and Italian literature at Swiss universities.17Jules Romains (1885–1972) Provisional Government of the French Republic Francepoetry, drama, screenplayHolger Sten (1907–1971)18John Steinbeck (1902–1968) United States 1912novel, short story, screenplayGustaf Munthe (1896–1962)19Yiorgos Theotokas (1906–1966)Kingdom of Greece Greecenovel, short story, drama, essaysSigfrid Siwertz (1882–1970)20Marie Under (1883–1980) Soviet Union(Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic Estonia)poetryAnts Oras (1900–1982)21Paul Valéry (1871–1945) Provisional Government of the French Republic Francepoetry, philosophy, essays, dramaAnders Österling (1884–1981) Sigfrid Siwertz (1882–1970) Fredrik Böök (1883–1961)22Franz Werfel (1890–1945)Czechoslovak government-in-exile Czechoslovakianovel, short story, drama, poetryRagnar Josephson (1891–1966) John Landquist (1881–1974) Walter Arthur Berendsohn (1884–1984) Prize decision Gabriela Mistral had been proposed several times by the Nobel committee of the Swedish Academy since 1940 before she was awarded in 1945.https://www.svenskaakademien.se/nobelpriset/nomineringar-och-utlatanden-1901-1950 Nomineringar och utlåtanden 1901−1950 Svenska Akademien Swedish The Swedish poet and Academy member Hjalmar Gullberg's acclaimed translations of Mistral's poetry is believed to have been a crucial factor for the Academy to award Mistral the prize.The Nobel Prize and the Formation of Contemporary World Literature Tenngart, Paul Bloomsbury Academic 2024 82 Three committee members, Fredrik Böök, Anders Österling and Sigfrid Siwertz, initially advocated that the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature should be awarded to the French poet and essayist Paul Valéry. But after Valéry had died during the deliberations that year, Österling and Siwertz dropped their support for the proposal arguing that the Nobel prize should not be awarded posthumously, an opinion that was supported by committee member Hjalmar Hammarskjöld. Böök stuck with the proposal to award Valéry, arguing that there were no obstacle for awarding the prize posthumously, as had happened in 1931. After initial misgivings that Valéry's work was too esoteric, committee chairman Per Hallström joined Böök's proposal to award Valéry.Nobelpriset i litteratur. Nomineringar och utlåtanden 1920-1950 1940 Svensén, Bo Svenska Akademien 2001 After Valéry had died, Österling and Siwertz supported Hammarskjöld's proposal to award Gabriela Mistral, thus giving Mistral's candidacy the majority of support in the Nobel committee. The committee also considered the French author Jules Romains as a contender for the prize, but decided to await further volumes of his novel cycle Les Hommes de bonne volonté. The candidacy of T. S. Eliot (subsequently awarded the 1948 Nobel Prize in Literature) was rejected by committee chairman Per Hallström: "The extremely exclusive nature of the poetry in question makes it hardly suitable for an award with the Nobel Prize in Literature, which has to answer to a fairly universal forum". On 15 November 1945, the Swedish Academy decided that that year's Nobel Prize in Literature should be awarded to Gabriela Mistral "for her lyric poetry, which inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world." Notes References External links Presentation Speech by Hjalmar Gullberg nobelprize.org 1945 Nobel