1931 Lublin tornado

F4/F5 tornado in 1931 F4 damage to the Lublin slaughterhouse after the 1931 Lublin tornado.jpg 290 F4 damage to the Lublin slaughterhouse after the tornado July 20, 1931 atl F4 6 100+ Lublin, Republic of Poland Tornadoes of 1931 On July 20, 1931, a violent tornado struck the city of Lublin in the Republic of Poland.Staff of the European Severe Storms Laboratory European Severe Weather Database https://eswd.eu/ ESWD European Severe Storms Laboratory Interactive map and database 2024Taszarek Mateusz Gromadzki Jakub Deadly Tornadoes in Poland from 1820 to 2015 Monthly Weather Review 1 April 2017 145 4 1221–1243 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0146.1 Adam Mickiewicz University and University of Warsaw via the American Meteorological Society 2017MWRv..145.1221T free Taszarek Mateusz Brooks Harold E. Tornado Climatology of Poland Monthly Weather Review 1 March 2015 143 3 702–717 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00185.1 University of Warsaw, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Severe Storms Laboratory via the American Meteorological Society 2015MWRv..143..702T 1520-0493 free Gumiński R. Trąba powietrzna pod Lublinem w dniu 20 lipca 1931r Wiadomości Meteor. Hydrol. 1936 16 7–9 Polish The damage from the tornado was consistent with those from an F4 on the Fujita scale. The tornado killed six people and injured at least 100 others. The tornado was wedge/V shaped and almost black, it covered a 20km damage path, was approximately (300-1000m) in size.2026-02-12 2017 Norbert Rocznik Lubelski Borzęcki 131–152 Trąba powietrzna nad Lublinem (20 VII 1931 r.) w świetle prasy i dokumentów 43 https://bazhum.muzhp.pl/media/texts/rocznik-lubelski/2017-tom-43/rocznik_lubelski-r2017-t43-s131-152.pdf Summary The tornado destroyed several buildings in Lublin. Some structures had walls that were 50 cm in thick. Train railroad cars were overturned and some were moved a few meters away. Industrial chimneys were thrown by the tornado. Structures made out of iron were bent. Buildings made of wood in the path of the tornado were leveled to the ground. These included sawmills, homes, and barns. The Lublin slaughterhouse and sugar factory were completely destroyed. Other industrial buildings were destroyed as well. Some buildings had debris thrown over a mile away. A city bus was picked up and thrown by the tornado. The tornado traveled around 20 km mi and was described as being a narrow “dark mass in the shape of a funnel”. In total, the tornado killed six people and injured over 100 others. The Polish Weather Service estimated that the tornado had winds between 246 to 324 mph km/h. This mean it was potentially at F5 intensity, as F5 tornadoes begin with winds at 261 mph km/h. But in publication by members of staff of the University of Warsaw and Adam Mickiewicz University in Poland as well as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the United States doubts were expressed about this assessment: " this estimate is highly uncertain since no typical F5 damage was reported. Instead, F4 damage was plausible". It is possible that the wind force assessment is overstated due to overly simple assumptions made during calculations. In a scientific article summarizing the events, Romuald Gumiński estimates the minimum pressure force and corresponding dynamic pressure needed to cause two damages - derailment of the train car and breaking of the wall. Based on the mass, track gauge and lateral surface of the car, he estimates that the minimum wind speed needed to overturn the car is 111 m/s (246 mph), and based on the thickness and height of the building wall, that the minimum wind speed needed to break the wall is 145 m/s (325 mph). These are values well above the wind speeds expected to cause such damage. A train overturn is a characteristic of an EF3 tornado with winds in the 136-165 mph range. Gumiński was the vice-director of the Polish government Meteorological Department.Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp82-00457r013300470010-6 CIA-RDP82-00457R013300470010-6 United States federal government 27 January 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240127221422/https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp82-00457r013300470010-6 27 January 2024 Langley, Virginia 1–3 18 August 1952 Dr. Romuald Guminski, vice-director, non- Party, is in charge of the Meteorological Department. live Aftermath The Polish Government allocated 15,000 yes to the Governor of Lublin for emergency aid to the injured.15.000 ZŁ. DLA OFIAR HURAGANU W LUBLINIE. 15,000 PLN FOR THE VICTIMS OF THE HURRICANE IN LUBLIN https://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/Content/190276/PDF/NDIGCZAS000046_1931_197.pdf 31 March 2025 Głos Narodu 197 25 July 1931 7 pl Jagiellonian Digital Library15.000 NA POMOC DLA LUBLINA 15,000 TO HELP LUBLIN https://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/Content/524557/NDIGCZAS025446_78870112.pdf 31 March 2025 Expres Zagłębia 200 25 July 1931 2 pl Jagiellonian Digital Library Expres Zagłębia wrote that the government would decide whether or not to send more aid only after receiving "government accurate data on the extent of the disaster." See also List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks Disagreements on the intensity of tornadoes References Category:1931 in Europe Category:1930s in Poland 1931-07-20 1931-07-20 Category:Weather events in Poland Category:1930s disasters in Poland 1931-07-20