.410 bore

Shotgun bore designed by Charles Eley and William Eley .410 caliber rifle and pistol cartridges in this caliber 10 mm caliber March 2021 .410 bore Shotshell 001.jpg 300px From left to right: a .45 ACP, a .410 bore shotshell, a 20 gauge shotshell, and a 12 gauge shotshell United Kingdom Shotgun, revolver, derringer Eley Brothers 1874–present Rimmed, straight .410 in (10.4 mm) .455 in (11.6 mm) .470 in (11.9 mm) .535 in (13.6 mm) .060 in (1.5 mm) 2 in (51 mm)2 1 2 in (64 mm)3 in (76 mm) Shotshell primer 12,500 psi (86 MPa) (for 2 1 2 in (64 mm) length shells)Saami pressures. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2023, from https://leverguns.com/articles/saami_pressures.htm SAAMI 13,500 psi (93 MPa) (for 3 in (76 mm) length shells) SAAMI 109.375 Federal 2 1 2 in 1 4 oz. slug 1780 769 109.375 Winchester 3 in 1 4 oz. slug 1800 787 350 3 in Winchester No. 000 buckshot (5 pellets) 1300 ft/s (396.24 m/s) 1313 328.125 Winchester 3 in 3 4 oz. No. 6 shot 1100 ft/s (335.28 m/s) 882 218.75 Remington 2 1 2 in 1 2 oz. No. 7 1 2 shot 1200 699 The .410 bore (10.4 mm) is a small caliber shotgun, firing one of the smallest commonly available shotgun shells. A .410 bore shotgun loaded with shot shells is well suited for small game hunting and pest control. The .410 started off in the United Kingdom as a garden gun along with the .360 and the No. 3 bore (9 mm) rimfire, No. 2 bore (7 mm) rimfire, and No. 1 bore (6 mm) rimfire. .410 shells have similar base dimensions to the .45 Colt cartridge, allowing many single-shot firearms, as well as derringers and revolvers chambered in that caliber, to fire .410 shot shells without any modifications. Other small bore shotgun loads include the 9mm Flobert rimfire cartridge, and the less prevalent .22 rimfire shot shell. Origin thumb|left|Two .410 shells being loaded into a side-by-side double-barrel shotgun Lancaster's pattern centerfire and pinfire .410 shot cartridges first appeared in Eley Brothers Ltd. flysheets in 1857. By 1874, Eley was advertising modern centerfire .410 cartridges.Bill Harding C. W. Harding Eley Cartridges 2006 Quiller 978-1-904057-91-8 en It appears to have become popular around 1900, although it was recommended as "suited to the requirements of naturalists, garden guns and for such weapons as walking-stick guns", presumably for self-defense, in 1892 by W. W. Greener.The Breach Loader, and How to Use It William Wellington Greener Forest and Stream Publishing Co., New York 1892 45 The 28-bore is the smallest of any practical use as a game gun, but the 410 and other sizes are suited to the requirements of naturalists, and for such weapons as walking-stick guns. The first ammunition was 2.0 inches (50.8 mm) long, compared with the modern 2.5 (63.5 mm) and 3.0 in mm on sizes. Aluminum shells are available but are not reloadable, as are paper or plastic shells. Full length brass shells can be found and are reloadable. Brass shells can be made from .444 Marlin rifle cartridges, and these are reloadable July 2021. A .410 shotgun loaded with shot shells is well suited for small game hunting and pest control. Such game or pests include rabbits, squirrels, snakes, rats, and birds. Loaded with 1/4 ounce slugs, a .410 is effective against larger animals such as coyotes and deer. As a defensive weapon, the .410 is inferior to the more common 12-gauge shotshell.Jeff Johnston A .410 for Home Defense? Is That A Good Idea? https://www.shootingillustrated.com/content/a-410-for-home-defense-is-that-a-good-idea/ Shooting Illustrated National Rifle Association of America 29 January 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20230925135929/https://www.shootingillustrated.com/content/a-410-for-home-defense-is-that-a-good-idea/ September 25, 2023 en-us November 15, 2022 liveChuck Hawks' updated rec.guns FAQ on defensive ammunition https://web.archive.org/web/20240106001112/http://www.chuckhawks.com/ammo_by_anonymous.htm January 6, 2024 However, a number of companies market defensive guns chambered in .410, such as the Mossberg 500 Home Security Model shotgun, the Smith & Wesson Governor revolver, and the Taurus Judge revolver. Defensive ammunition such as buckshot, slugs and combination loads are common. American Derringer and Winchester market ammunition loaded with five 000 buckshot pellets in 3 in mm on shells and three pellets in 2.5 in mm on shells.Winchester .410 buckshotAmerican Derringer 410 buckshot Combination shells such as Winchester Supreme Elite .410 shells are loaded with three 71 grain disks and twelve BB pellets. Survival arms thumb|.410-bore M-35 shotgun shells for M6 survival rifle with .22 long rifle for comparison thumb|left|H. Koon "Snake Charmer" advertisement The small size of the .410 bore makes it popular for use in compact firearms carried for emergency use, and it is often found in over-and-under combination guns, with a .22 Hornet or .22 rimfire rifle barrel mounted above and a .410 bore shotgun barrel mounted below. The Snake Charmer is a .410 bore, stainless-steel, single-shot, break-action shotgun with an exposed hammer, an 18+1/8 in on barrel, black molded plastic furniture, and a short thumb-hole buttstock that holds four additional 2+1/2 in on shotgun shells. These light-weight 3+1/2 lb on guns have an overall length of 28+1/8 in.Field & Stream. News for 1979 Part II. by Bob Brister. May 1979. page 159 They are commonly used by gardeners and farmers for pest control. It originally sold for $89.95 and was marketed as a general-purpose utility shotgun "perfect" for "fishing — hunting — camping — back packing — survival — home defense — truck or Jeep gun". The Savage Model 24 is an American-made, over-and-under, combination gun, manufactured by Savage Arms. The basic .22LR over .410 bore model weighs 7 lb, has 24 in on barrels, and an overall length of 41 in. It may also be disassembled for ease of stowage. Its predecessor was made by Stevens and sported a tenite stock and forearm. In WWII, 15,000 were ordered and issued in air crew survival kits for Army Air Force bomber crews to be used as survival arms in the event that they were shot down. thumb|Original USAF M6 survival rifle/shotgun, caliber .22 Hornet/.410 shotgun The M6 aircrew survival weapon was made for the US Air Force, with a .22 Hornet rifle barrel mounted over a .410 bore shotgun barrel and was first issued in the Korean War. The military also lists an aluminum .410 3 in on shell, with a rifle primer, as standard issue under the ammunition inventory name M-35. The civilian version Springfield Armory M6 Scout has a .22 rimfire or .22 Hornet over a .410 bore shotgun barrel. The original M6 has a 14 in mm on barrel, the same length as the stock, and folds in half for storage, making a compact package. With the short barrel, this is legally classified as an any other weapon in the United States, so the M6 Scout is made with 18.5 in mm on barrels for civilian sales.Blue Book of Gun Values, 13th Ed. S. P. Fjestad Blue Book Publications Special flare cartridges in .410 were issued with the USAF model. Handguns and shot pistols The fact that the .410 bore shell fits in a .45 Colt chamber has resulted in some unusual applications. While shotguns are often limited in minimum length, a firearm chambered in .45 Colt, such as the Contender pistol, is not defined as a shotgun even though it can chamber shotgun shells. In the UK, .410 shot-pistols are used around pheasant pens to kill rats where a full-length shotgun would be inappropriate. thumb|Contender in .45 Colt/.410 with ventilated rib The Thompson Center Arms Contender pistols are commonly encountered with a special .45 Colt/.410 bore barrel. The barrel is rifled for the .45 Colt but has a special choke and vent rib to make it function as a shotgun. Due to the rifled barrel, the assembled firearm is considered a rifle or pistol (depending on barrel length) and thus is not subject to the United States' National Firearms Act's 18 in mm on minimum barrel length.http://www.tcarms.com/firearms/g2ContenderPistols.php G2 Contender Pistols 20 September 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20071025033343/http://www.tcarms.com/firearms/g2ContenderPistols.php 25 October 2007January 2023 Nonetheless, possession of a Thompson Center Arms .45/.410 pistol barrel is illegal in California, for both dealers and individuals, and such a barrel may not legally be shipped into the state, or even taken into California for a hunting trip, by reason of it being classified as a short barreled shotgun (SBSG) when used with a Contender receiver. California Dangerous Weapons Control Law Article 2. Unlawful Carrying and Possession of Weapons 12020. State of California 2008 http://ag.ca.gov/firearms/dwcl/12020.php 29 January 2013 As used in this section, a "short-barreled shotgun" means any of the following: (A) A firearm which is designed or redesigned to fire a fixed shotgun shell and having a barrel or barrels of less than 18 inches in length. (B) A firearm which has an overall length of less than 26 inches and which is designed or redesigned to fire a fixed shotgun shell. 12 July 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110712125721/http://ag.ca.gov/firearms/dwcl/12020.php dead thumb|left|A modern .45 Colt & .410 bore Bond Arms derringer American Derringer has long offered .45 Colt-.410 bore Derringers.American Derringer model 1 Bond Arms also offers various Derringer models which chamber both .45 Colt cartridges and .410 shotshell.Bond Arms thumb|Smith & Wesson Governor with .45 ACP, .45 Colt, and .410 shotgun ammunition Also, Taurus, Magnum Research, and Smith & Wesson offer revolvers with extended cylinders, long enough to hold .410 shells as well. Magnum Research offers a single-action revolver in their BFR (big frame revolver) line, while the Taurus Judge is similar in price to their other double-action revolvers, with the Raging Judge model capable of chambering and firing the .454 Casull cartridge. The Smith & Wesson Governor is a double-action revolver also capable of firing .45 Colt as well as .45 ACP cartridges with the aid of moon clips. The discontinued MIL Thunder 5 is also chambered in .410-bore. Over the years, a large number of devices have been made that will convert larger-gauge shotguns to accept .410 shotgun shells. Capacity, compared to other gauges Length and loadNo. 000 buckshot (.36 in)No. 4 buckshot (.24 in)21 2 in, 410 bore3 or 4 pellets8 pellets3 in, 410 bore5 pellets9 pellets23 4 in, 12 gauge8 pellets27 pellets3 in, 12 gauge10 pellets41 pellets Most shotgun cartridges are measured in terms of shotgun gauge. Shotgun gauge is determined by the weight of a round lead ball that is sized to fit into its barrel. For example, the barrel of a 12-gauge shotgun is equal to the diameter of a 1/12 of a pound lead ball (0.729 in) and a 20-gauge can fit a 1/20 pound lead ball (0.615 in). Using this method, a .410 bore is equivalent to a (hypothetical) 67-gauge, instead of the incorrectly labeled 36 gauge (0.506) in Europe and South America.Ball Weight and Density http://www.precisionballs.com/ball_weight_and_density.html https://web.archive.org/web/20120227110158/http://www.precisionballs.com/ball_weight_and_density.html 27 February 2012 live 16 February 2012 Fourten Shotgun Resources. (n.d.). http://www.fourten.org.uk/36gauge.html See also List of rimmed cartridges References External links The Shotgun Report review of the Remington 870 in 28 gauge and .410 bore The .410 Bore by Chuck Hawks Category:Rimmed cartridges Category:Shotgun cartridges