2015 Ocotlán ambush

Criminal ambush of police convoy in Mexico November 2018 2015 Ocotlán ambush Mexican drug war File:Jalisco en México.svg State of Jalisco in Mexico 19 March 20159:15 p.m. (approximately) Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico Unconfirmed; multiple motives suggested CJNG Victory Mexican Federal Police Jalisco New Generation Cartel Luis Carlos Nájera Gutiérrez de Velasco Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes 5 (killed by the ambush) 4 (killed by responding officers) 2 (civilian bystanders) On 19 March 2015, a convoy of the National Gendarmerie, a subdivision of the Mexican Federal Police (PF), was ambushed by gunmen of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG), a criminal group based in Jalisco, Mexico. The attack occurred in a residential neighborhood in Ocotlán, Jalisco. Five policemen, four CJNG gunmen, and two civilian bystanders were killed. According to police reports, as the PF convoy pulled up next to a parked vehicle, gunmen shot at them from the vehicle and from rooftops. The police attempted to shield themselves using their patrol cars, but reinforcements from the CJNG arrived at the scene and overwhelmed them. The shootout lasted between thirty minutes to two hours before the CJNG fled the scene. The attack was one of the deadliest incidents against security forces during the administration of President Enrique Peña Nieto, and the first and deadliest against the National Gendarmerie, at that time the newest police force in Mexico, in the ongoing Mexican drug war. The attack made national headlines and prompted reactions from the highest levels of the Mexican government. The motives behind the ambush remain unclear, but many have been proposed, including one that suggests that the gunmen ambushed the police to protect their leader, Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes (alias "El Mencho"), who was reportedly in the vicinity. Over the years, multiple suspects have been arrested, including high-ranking members of El Mencho's security group and officers from Ocotlán's municipal police force. Authorities believe the policemen arrested worked for the CJNG and aided them during the ambush. Law enforcement presence in Ocotlán increased after the ambush, but violent confrontations between the CJNG and security forces continued throughout the rest of 2015 in Jalisco and neighboring states. Background and possible motives The attack was one of the deadliest incidents against security forces during the presidency of Enrique Peña Nieto (2012–2018), and the first and deadliest against the National Gendarmerie (es) – at that time the newest police force in Mexico – in the ongoing Mexican drug war (2006–present). In addition, the attack was the third deadliest against any part of the Mexican Federal Police (PF) force since 2006. The National Gendarmerie was created on 22August 2014 by Peña Nieto to combat crime in Mexico. All of the officers had received training from the Army and had not been part of any other police force prior to joining. The cadets were mostly young, college-educated recruits, and they were recruited without previous police training under the rationale that this prevented corruption in the National Gendarmerie's ranks. The commanders of the units were trained by police forces in the United States, Colombia, Chile, Spain, and France. The force was initially made up of 5,000 officers, and was a subdivision of the PF, which consisted of roughly 36,000 members when the National Gendarmerie was created. Though members were required to have military training, the National Gendarmerie was intended to be a civil police force capable of a rapid response to crime. thumb|left|Logo of the National Gendarmerie, a subdivision of the Mexican Federal Police. Since late November 2014, around 300 National Gendarmerie officials had been stationed in Ocotlán to safeguard the borders of Jalisco–Michoacán and Jalisco–Guanajuato, and prevent the incursion of the Knights Templar Cartel, a Michoacán-based criminal group and a rival gang to the CJNG. They conducted patrols after there were reports of cargo theft in the region. Weeks prior to the ambush, law enforcement officers carried out several covert operations in Ocotlán and the entire Ciénega area. According to intelligence reports, they had information that the suspected CJNG leader, Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes (alias "El Mencho"), was in the area. On the day of the attack, the police reportedly had information that El Mencho was in a meeting in Oxnard street, in the neighborhood where the attack occurred. Investigators believe that the CJNG carried out the attack to restrict the mobility of the security forces and allow El Mencho to escape from the area. They also suspected that the CJNG planned the attack as a retaliation for attempted crackdowns against El Mencho, who became one of Mexico's most-wanted following the arrest of Servando Gómez Martínez (alias "La Tuta"), the suspected leader of the Knights Templar Cartel. Besides the proposal that the PF was in the area to apprehend El Mencho, other sources suggested different motives. One version suggests that the policemen were in the neighborhood investigating a previous attack against the local police. Another account states the policemen were heading to a house in Centenario street. An account cited by a PF official stated that the attack was carried out because the CJNG was moving a large shipment of narcotics to Ocotlán and wanted to prevent the police from intervening. Another report suggests that the CJNG was in the area for a meeting with municipal policemen from Ocotlán. After the meeting went wrong, the policemen called the PF as reinforcements, and the CJNG did the same with their gunmen; when the PF reached the scene, the shootout reportedly broke out. An account cited by federal government sources suggests that the policemen were ambushed after one of the senior officers in the convoy noticed that a woman was being abused by a man. When the policemen got out of their vehicles and tried to stop the man, they noticed he was armed and guarded by a large number of gunmen, who outnumbered them; the shootout reportedly broke out after this. The attack set a precedent for the PF, as it had not recorded casualties in Jalisco prior to the attack. According to government sources, the PF had two deadlier attacks prior to the incident in Ocotlán: on 27May 2008 in Culiacán, Sinaloa, 8 PF officers were killed in a shootout with gunmen from the Beltrán Leyva Cartel; on 13July 2009 in La Huacana, Michoacán, 12 PF officers were killed by La Familia Michoacana.The source confuses the date with 2010 and the place with Zamora, Michoacán. However, the attack in Ocotlán demonstrated to police that the manpower and level of coordination of the CJNG was greater than they had expected. Investigators analyzed the offensive actions of the CJNG after the Ocotlán incident, and drew comparisons with their modus operandi during the 6April 2015 attack that left 15 PF officers dead in San Sebastián del Oeste. They concluded that in their ambushes against security forces, the CJNG was employing a similar strategy. The CJNG would cut off their victim's vehicles from the road, have numerical superiority in foot soldiers and vehicles, and use a large arsenal of weapons and explosives to attack and overwhelm security forces. Ambush and shootout thumb|right|Location of Ocotlán, Jalisco (in green), where the ambush took place At 9:15p.m. on 19March 2015, seven vehicles from the National Gendarmerie drove through a street in the La Mascota neighborhood of Ocotlán, Jalisco.Other sources state that the shootout occurred in the San Juan neighborhood. As one of the police vehicles moved alongside a white car parked near the sidewalk, several gunmen from that vehicle began shooting at the police officers with high-caliber rifles. Other gunmen reportedly shot at the officers from rooftops. The ambush forced the policemen to take cover, using their vehicles as shields while they prepared to return fire. However, as the policemen tried to protect themselves from the gunfire, twelve vehicles with additional gunmen arrived at the scene and began attacking them from several directions. In total around 40 CJNG gunmen participated in the attack. The shootout lasted between thirty minutes and two hours.Sources state that the shootout lasted between 30 minutes and over 2 hours. It extended to nearby streets as the gunmen continued to fire their weapons while attempting the flee the scene. Eleven people were killed in the attack: five of them were officers from the National Gendarmerie; four were from the CJNG; and two were civilian bystanders who were killed in the crossfire. Five officers were wounded, though only one of them was reportedly in a serious condition; all of them were hospitalized. During the shootout, a person in the neighborhood recorded the sound of the gunfire for approximately a minute-and-a-half. After the shootout, Mexican authorities seized eighteen assault rifles, ten handguns, two fragmentation grenades,Other sources stated that authorities seized 7 assault firearms and 4 fragmentation grenades. and five vehicles used by the perpetrators. The Jalisco attorney general, Luis Carlos Nájera Gutiérrez de Velasco, said that twenty-nine vehicles and thirty-one houses in the neighborhood were damaged by the gunfire. Seven of the twenty-nine vehicles damaged were owned by the National Gendarmerie, seventeen were owned by civilians, two were motorcycles, and three had allegedly been used by the gunmen. The damaged vehicles were removed from the neighborhood the next day. The street where the attack took place had several large bloodstains from those killed and wounded. According to investigators from the Jalisco Institute of Forensic Sciences (IJCF), over 2,000 bullet casings were found at the scene, most of them from high-caliber rifles. The investigation and evidence collection at the scene was first conducted by the Government of Jalisco, but the case was transferred to federal jurisdiction and given to Mexico's Attorney General's Office (PGR).Another source stated that the investigation was undertaken by the PGR and the National Security Commission (CNS) (es). The government did not immediately state which criminal group it believed was responsible for the attack. The Jalisco State Police and the Mexican Army arrived in Ocotlán after the attack and conducted a search along the area's dirt roads and highways close to the border with Michoacán, one of the states adjacent to Jalisco, in an attempt to locate those responsible. Law enforcement explained that the Jalisco State Police took longer than usual to arrive at the scene after the National Gendarmerie called them for support because they were at the Federal Social Readaptation Center No. 2 (also known as "Puente Grande"), a maximum-security prison in Jalisco, carrying out an inspection. Immediate reactions Immediately after the shootout ended, the neighborhood was flooded with police officers and ambulances. Only two Televisa reporters and one cameraman were able to reach the ambush scene to report what occurred on national television, but an officer warned them to stay away from the scene because law enforcement was on high alert for a further attack. Local people who were on their way home were not able to get there due to several police roadblocks. The Mexican Red Cross team in Ocotlán said that fireworks from a festival the previous night at the San José Church, a congregation close to where the ambush occurred, had masked the gunfire noises from the ambush. The head of the Red Cross said his team was not able to provide first aid for an attack of this scale, hence they had contacted the Red Cross in Guadalajara to provide assistance. Through the night, police checkpoints were set up in Ocotlán, and at least two military helicopters flew over the neighborhood for several hours. Electricity supply and telephone service was cut off for the entire night because lightpoles had been damaged by the gunfire. On 20May, the PF, Army, PGR, and Jalisco state authorities conducted an investigation at the scene and patrolled the vicinity before leaving without making an official announcement. Information about the attack continued to only be provided by media outlets and civilians, who shared images of the corpses, the property damage, and the bloodstained streets on social media. Municipal policemen also patrolled Ocotlán in police cars or on motorcycles or bicycles. Neighbors highlighted the fact that the local policemen were unusually calm and were not wearing bullet-proof vests. They stated that the PF, on the other hand, looked nervous. Others said they saw several CJNG scouts monitoring the area and passing on information to their superiors regarding the presence and mobility of law enforcement personnel. Later that afternoon, the PF chief Enrique Francisco Galindo Ceballos (es) confirmed the attack in a joint communiqué with the National Security Commission (CNS) (es). On Twitter, Galindo Ceballos honored the officers killed, and stated that they gave their lives to protect their communities. He also asked civilians to anonymously report any information about the Ocotlán ambush to the police. Secretary of the Interior Miguel Ángel Osorio Chong also condemned the attack and issued condolences to the families of the police officers killed. He reiterated that efforts against organized crime would continue. Nájera Gutiérrez de Velasco confirmed that the attack was carried out by the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG). He also admitted that Ocotlán was a major hub for cargo theft, though he clarified that investigators did not have information about an organized crime group with the capacity of the CJNG operating in the area. Following the attack the authorities stated that they were coordinating their efforts with the Mexican Navy and Army to increase security measures in the region. Interviews and testimonies Residents interviewed at the scene stated they were surprised and scared by the shootout. One of them explained that when the shootout occurred outside her home, everyone in her household threw themselves to the ground to avoid being shot. They said they were unaware that one of the houses in the neighborhood, No. 562, was being used by an organized crime group. Others complained that the bloodstains on the street from those wounded or killed during the ambush were not cleaned by the authorities after the attack. Some of them said that the CJNG took several of those wounded from the scene. A number of them told the press that the casualties from the shootout were thereby higher than the government had reported; according to several residents, seven National Gendarmerie members were killed, and there were between fourteen and sixteen casualties in total. At the San Vicente Hospital, a private hospital in Ocotlán, unconfirmed reports stated that twenty people were hospitalized after the shootout. At the Mexican Social Security Institute, thirty more were reported. Sources consulted by the press were not able to determine if the people in these two hospitals were there to receive medical attention for gunshot wounds, minor injuries, or shock, as both hospitals were unable to provide information without legal authorization from the government. thumb|left|Ocotlán (number 8) is located in the Ciénega Region, where shootouts were reported In addition, school classes were cancelled in Ocotlán on 20May after authorities recommended it as a "preventative measure". This included the University Center of the Ciénega. The local police reported that at one of the schools, students found abandoned assault rifles on the floor. They believe these weapons were left behind by the suspects involved in the shootout as they tried to escape the scene. The shootout occurred on Thursday, and classes restarted on Monday, 23March. The mayor of Ocotlán, Enrique Robledo Sahagún, spoke to the press about the attacks and refuted the idea that the city was going through a "cockroach effect", a term used in Mexico to describe how the presence police efforts in one area allows organized crime to operate more freely elsewhere. He denied that organized crime members from Michoacán were using Ocotlán, which lies on the Jalisco–Michoacán border, as a corridor. He claimed the attack was an "isolated incident" and that he would make sure the families of the civilians killed received support from the local government. He also said it was natural for civilians in Ocotlán to be scared, that the situation would return to normality, that he had not received any death threats, and that he was not collaborating with organized crime. There were several rumors circulating in Jalisco's Ciénega Region (es), where Ocotlán is located, of other shootouts between security forces and organized crime groups. Many businesses and schools did not open the following day due to rumors and fears of other attacks. The same day, authorities received several calls and messages on social media with allegations of attacks by organized crime. However, authorities clarified that the rumors were false. Nájera Gutiérrez de Velasco criticized the rumors and said that he believed they were likely started by organized crime groups to cause confusion. He specifically said that organized crime groups may create rumors to force law enforcement to deploy to other areas and facilitate their operations where security measures are high. To prevent this from occurring, he said that federal authorities were coordinating with the local police to spread their presence and prevent organized crime from having operational flexibility. Nájera Gutiérrez de Velasco mentioned two days after the shootout that civilians were able to renew their daily activities as usual, but did recognize that the risk of civilian bystanders being caught in a crossfire existed. Reactions Civilian A week after the attacks, on 26March, several students from Ignacio Manuel Altamirano Middle School No. 24, the school where one of the civilians killed had studied, created an art piece on the school grounds using sawdust. The artwork was intended to promote peace awareness. The students also wrote several cards to the mayor of Ocotlán, asking him to help restore peace in their city and to ask the security forces to leave Ocotlán. On 27March, a local TV station uploaded a short video online in memory of the deceased student. The following day, between 200 and 300 civilians dressed in white organized a peaceful march to protest against the violence in Ocotlán.Another source stated that there were approximately 50 protesters. The marchers gathered at the city's main square after organizing their efforts through Facebook. The organizers stated that the march was apolitical in nature; they also stated they were not only protesting against violence, but asking for peace and the demilitarization of Ocotlán. Among the protesters were relatives of the civilians killed in the ambush, who complained that no one in the Mexican government, including the mayor, had reached out to them to provide assistance. Other protesters complained that the military operations and home invasions were disturbing the tranquility of their community. When they gathered at the main square, the protesters read a pamphlet that was signed by several locals and directed to the authorities. However, the protesters were upset that the mayor was not present during the event. They gave the document to one of the mayor's public security heads. On 30March, civilians organized a second march in Ocotlán; this time with over 5,000 attendees, including Cardinal Francisco Robles Ortega. He was accompanied by 10 priests from the archdiocese. Robles Ortega told the protesters that it was the duty of the government to protect civilians as part of the social contract between both parties. He also stated that praying was not enough: "It's not only about asking. It's not only about praying; it's also about acting". This second march was also organized online and by local churches across Ocotlán. The march concluded in the evening with a mass conducted in the city's main square. Most of the attendees were dressed in white and were from all age groups. In the religious ceremony, Robles Ortega asked the families to take care of their children because they could easily fall prey to organized crime. He also asked citizens to be brave and report crimes to the authorities, and that not doing so made them accomplices of criminal activity. Before the mass concluded, the attendees read a prayer together, and Robles Ortega closed the ceremony by talking about the importance of building a peaceful society together. Government thumb|right|President Enrique Peña Nieto alongside the Mexican Armed Forces generals. On 20 March, Secretary of the Interior Miguel Ángel Osorio Chong posted a message in his Twitter account thanking the five officers killed in the ambush for their commitment to their duty. He also sent his condolences to the officers' families and colleagues, and stated that the government was working diligently to ensure public security. The same day the head of the CNS, Renato Sales Heredia, instructed National Gendarmerie chief Manelich Castilla Craviotto and Jalisco attorney general Jesús Eduardo Almaguer Ramírez to hold a ceremony at the scene where the ambush occurred in memory of the officers killed. Along with the mayor of Ocotlán, members of the Mexican Army, and other members of the PF, they publicly recognized their work, and stated that the crimes would not go unpunished. They stated that the government was committed to restoring peace in Mexico and that the ambush had helped to unify Mexico's security forces. At the end of the ceremony, civilians and government officials held a moment of silence in memory of the officers and civilians killed. This ceremony was carried out simultaneously with others at the PF headquarters in Mexico City and in other National Gendarmerie stations. The following day, Galindo Ceballos held another ceremony in memory of the officers at the PF hangar in the Mexico City International Airport. The bodies of the five officers lay inside coffins, wrapped in the flag of Mexico. Galindo Ceballos thanked the officers for their services, and then went directly to the victims' families and told them that the government would support them. Osorio Chong and former CNS chief Monte Alejandro Rubido García also expressed their solidarity with the officers' families. During the ceremony, Galindo Ceballos read the names the officers killed while the officers present yelled "present" for each of them. The PF then performed a three-volley salute and gave the family members a flag of Mexico and a sculpture. The ceremony concluded after the PF played their anthem and the Mexican National Anthem. On 24March, the Senate of the Republic held a moment of silence as a senate tribune in memory of the officers and civilian bystanders killed in the ambush. They condemned the attacks and wrote a decree stating that the government should pursue an investigation to bring the perpetrators to justice. thumb|left|Peña Nieto with Secretary of the Interior Miguel Ángel Osorio Chong and his security cabinet. Nájera Gutiérrez de Velasco explained that attacks against security forces were "nothing new" in Jalisco. He told the press that civilians should only be concerned if the government were inactive and suspected gangsters were roaming the streets freely, and suggested that this was the case in some parts of Jalisco. He explained that when security forces crack down on organized crime, they run the risk of suffering attacks like the one in Ocotlán. He emphasized that the government had a responsibility to go after organized crime despite these risks. He clarified that the attacks were directed towards law enforcement and not against civilians. He went on to blame criminal groups for carrying out attacks against law enforcement personnel where civilians were at high risk, and stated that law enforcement officers in Mexico were attempting to operate with more caution than organized crime when dealing with civilians. He concluded the interview by asking civilians to remain calm and trust law enforcement efforts against organized crime groups. On 22March, a few days after the ambush occurred, Gutiérrez de Velasco asked Ocotlán residents to ignore rumors of shootouts in the area and to stay alert for phone extortions. He stated that there were multiple rumors of shootouts in the area, and that organized crime members were creating them to distract security forces and allow some of their members to escape from the area that the authorities had under surveillance. Itzcoatl Tonatiuh Bravo Padilla, the rector of the University of Guadalajara, confirmed that classes would restart at all schools in Ocotlán the following day. He said that schools were working with the government to coordinate their security measures, and that additional security would be sent to their campuses. The majority of their student body had not attended classes since 19March, when the shootout occurred, because of fears of future attacks. On the anniversary the attacks, the PF held another ceremony in the street where the ambush took place. In a speech, Castilla Craviotto said that they held the ceremony there because the ambush scene was important for the National Gendarmerie since it was the first time in the police force's history that they had lost members while on official duty. He added that the National Gendarmerie was committed to continuing their fight against organized crime. Almaguer Ramírez, other state officials, and members of the Army's 92 Infantry Battalion attended the ceremony. Ocotlán's mayor, Paulo Gabriel Hernández Zague, spoke to the press during the ceremony and expressed his discontent with the lack of support from the federal government. He said that the federal government had reduced public funding for Ocotlán after the attacks; the funding removed was for the Subsidy for Municipal Public Security (Spanish: Subsidio para la Seguridad en los Municipios, SUBSEMUN), and included over MXN$11 million in equipment for Ocotlán's municipal security forces. He stated that Ocotlán needed this funding to continue its security efforts. Memorial for officers As part of the commemorations, the PF published a report with the photos and names of the officers, and a short biography of their service: 500px|thumb|center|Sketch of the National Gendarmarie officers killed in the attack NameHometownRankShort description SourceFlores Bautista Salvador Flores BautistaAtlixtac, GuerreroLead officerCommemorated by the PF for his conviction, professionalism, and objectivity.Álvarez Hernández José Adán Álvarez HernándezSan Luis Potosí, San Luis PotosíPolice officer (3rd Rank)Commemorated by the PF for his discipline and trustworthiness.González Santa María Enrique González Santa MaríaMexico CityPolice officer (3rd Rank)Commemorated by the PF for his service to civilians and his dedication.Gómez Cruz César Gómez CruzPuebla, PueblaPolice officer (2nd Rank)Commemorated by the PF for his courage, dedication, and loyalty.López Becerril Cristhian Yobani López BecerrilState of MexicoPolice officer (3rd Rank)Commemorated by the PF for his altruism and public service activities. Police reforms in Ocotlán On 24March 2015, the Government of Jalisco discussed the possibility of taking over government functions in Ocotlán and disarming the Ocotlán Municipal Police; measures similar to those they had taken with the police forces of Cocula and Casimiro Castillo in December 2014. In an interview with the press, Gutiérrez de Velasco stated they were investigating possible links between local officials and organized crime, but was unable to give them more details on the case. He stated that they were working with the federal government on any measures to be taken. However, consideration of taking over the public security functions in Ocotlán began months prior to the ambush. Since 2014, Jalisco's State Public Security Council (Spanish: Consejo Estatal de Seguridad Pública, CESP) had identified two policemen in Ocotlán, out of the 1,324 registered officers, as "high risk" employees who it was thought likely that they had colluded with organized crime groups. Other issues in Ocotlán's police force caught the attention of the state government after that. On 24January 2015, four officers from Ocotlán's police force were arrested for their alleged participation in the sexual harassment of a sixteen-year-old girl. According to the testimonies of the detainees, Ocotlán policemen forced the minor to engage in sexual activities with them and other members of the police force for at least two years. The officers involved in the plot were charged with sexual harassment of a minor and human trafficking. The disarmament discussion became a priority in early 2017, when several high-profile violent incidents occurred in Ocotlán. In early 2017, a 17-year-old high school medical student from Ocotlán was killed in a shootout after armed men attacked him and a group of friends. Weeks later, several employees from Reporte Jalisco newspaper were intimidated by the CJNG. Reporte Jalisco print distributors were told by the CJNG to leave Ocotlán or they would be "disappeared". Página 24, another newspaper in the area, also received threats from the CJNG for its coverage of violence in Ocotlán. On 14March 2017, the Government of Jalisco disarmed the entire Ocotlán police force and took control of the city's public security functions. According to Ocotlán's mayor Pablo Gabriel Hernández, the ninety-three police officers stationed in Ocotlán were taken to Guadalajara for further training. He stated that none of them were being investigated for potential links with organized crime, though he clarified that ten officers had been dismissed earlier that year after failing performance evaluations. The mayor, however, complained that during the disarmament, state officials were "prepotent" and did not follow established collaboration protocols. He said that state officials "took" the police installations and did not give them time to prepare. Some Ocotlán residents protested in the city's square against the replacement of Ocotlán's police by state level personnel. They stated that they did not want the Jalisco State Police in Ocotlán because of the alleged abuses they carried out against residents. The mayor asked civilians to report any abuses to the local government; protesters complained their past reports had not been responded to. On 29April 2017, fifty-three officers from Ocotlán's police force completed training and resumed activities in the city. The training they received included arrest and detention protocols, physical fitness, vehicle inspection, vehicle chases, weapon use, and understanding of Mexico's New Criminal Justice System (Spanish: Nuevo Sistema de Justicia Penal, NSJP). The mayor stated that several of the officers did not have training in these areas or were not up-to-date on their training prior to the disarming the month before. The state government stated in the police officers' graduation ceremony that this training was intended to help officers restore order in Ocotlán and help the municipality grow in economic prosperity. Investigation and crackdowns Operations and raids During the first week after the attack, law enforcement agencies carried out daily operations in Ocotlán with the intention of arresting members of the CJNG. On 22March, Jalisco state authorities confirmed that they had discovered a property with a zoo in Ocotlán that was presumed to be owned by organized crime gang members. The property was found after the state police patrolled the area close to Ocotlán's toll road booths on the highway that connects Guadalajara with Mexico City. Inside the property they recovered three exotic animals: a lion, a tiger, and a bear. Investigators said that the animals were in excellent condition. No suspects were arrested during the operation. The animals were handed over to the Federal Attorney's Office of Environmental Protection (PROFEPA). On 26March, police raided a house in the neighborhood where the ambush took place. The military entered the property illegally since they did not have a search warrant, breaking the windows of the door; it was empty as the owner of the house was at work. The mother of the home owner went to the property and told the soldiers that her son worked in the fields and was not involved in organized crime. Outside the house, the military seized a black Ford vehicle that they suspected belonged to the house owner. They later confirmed that the vehicle had been abandoned by the gunmen during the shootout. Neighbors told the press that the military had raided at least ten houses, seized multiple vehicles, and arrested several people that week. The government did not make an official statement about these operations. The Governor of Jalisco, Jorge Aristóteles Sandoval Díaz, told the public that they were actively providing assistance to home owners affected by the attack. However, the neighborhood residents said that the government had not reached out to them for assistance seven days after the attack, and that they had not provided them with assistance to repair the walls of their homes, which were damaged by the gunfire during the shootout. Arrests and charges Following the attacks, the PF ordered its seven departments to work on the case, and pledged that they would work diligently to arrest those involved. The federal government ordered an increase in the number of federal troops in Jalisco and the area close to the border with Michoacán by bringing in additional PF members and requesting additional support from the Mexican Army, the Jalisco State Police, and municipal forces. These reinforcements conducted patrols and erected checkpoints to neutralize organized crime groups operating in the area. The Jalisco State Police carried out multiple investigations across the Región Alto area of Jalisco. For security reasons, the government did not disclose the number of reinforcements they had sent to Jalisco. They did confirm that the government would pay for the damages caused by the attack. thumb|right|Chart released by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctioning the CJNG and its two leaders On 23March, the PF arrested two people in Ocotlán for their alleged participation in the ambush. Both of them were in possession of military-exclusive weapons, which is forbidden by Mexican federal law. One of them was sent to Puente Grande, while the other was sent to a special facility for minors as he was underage. Their names were not released to the press; the state government said it was not authorized to do so as the case was under federal jurisdiction. On 31March 2015, the PF arrested six suspects in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, for alleged participation in the attack. On 9June 2015, the PGR arrested four municipal policemen for their alleged participation in the ambush: Raúl Romero Ramírez; David Vázquez Estévez; José Guadalupe Echavarría Arcos; and Jonnathan Alejandro González González. According to investigators, the policemen were working for the CJNG. Authorities confirmed that the arrest was a result of intelligence sharing between the PGR and the PF. Three of the officers were arrested in Jalisco, while one of them was arrested in Puebla after he attempted to escape. They were charged with involvement in organized crime and homicide. The CNS confirmed that additional public servants from Ocotlán were being investigated and had pending arrest warrants. A former municipal police officer, Abraham Pérez Murguía, was arrested about a year later in Ocotlán for his alleged participation in the attack and his involvement in organized crime. After his arrest, the officer confirmed that he worked for the CJNG and was involved in the ambush. On 1September 2015, federal authorities stationed in Zapotlán, Jalisco, confirmed the arrest of Javier Guerrero Covarrubias (alias "El Javi"), a suspected regional leader of the CJNG whom the authorities believe masterminded the Ocotlán ambush. Javier was part of a clan within the CJNG that investigators believe was responsible for providing armed protection to El Mencho.This group was known as Los Guerreros (The Warriors) and was responsible for a number of attacks against security forces. He was also wanted for drug trafficking, extortion, homicide, and kidnapping. At the scene, authorities found him in possession of two assault rifles, one of them equipped with sniper lenses, two handguns, a .38 Super and a 9mm parabellum, and thirteen cartridges. El Javi avoided arrest for at least five months by coordinating his organized crime activities through intermediaries based in several municipalities in Jalisco and Michoacán. Upon his arrest, he was handed over to the Assistant Attorney General's Office for Special Investigations on Organized Crime (SEIDO), Mexico's anti-organized crime investigatory agency, in Mexico City. thumb|left|Chart released by the U.S. government displaying the CJNG's leadership chain On 9November 2015, the PF was involved in a shootout with alleged affiliates of the CJNG in Ocotlán. In the aftermath, they captured two men who they suspected were involved in the ambush; another gunman who was with them was killed by security forces. According to residents from the Arboledas neighborhood, where the shootout occurred, the house where the suspects were found served as a gathering place for the CJNG. This account was later confirmed by the national press. The PF had gathered intelligence that there were armed men entering and exiting the house. They arrested one individual outside the house and eventually proceeded inside. Once indoors, they were attacked by the CJNG but were able to neutralize them. At the scene, authorities seized one assault rifle, one handgun, and multiple cocaine packages. The three men were part of El Javi's mercenary group; one of them was reportedly the CJNG head of an assassin and extortion squad based in Ocotlán. On 15June 2016, undercover PF members arrested Fernando Castillo Rodríguez (alias "El Toro Valencia"), a suspected regional leader of the CJNG. He was believed to have been involved in the ambush. He is the brother of Julio Alberto Castillo Rodríguez, a high-ranking leader of the CJNG and an in-law of El Mencho. According to intelligence reports, Castillo Rodríguez operated in Jalisco but had planned to relocate to the state of Colima, where he was arrested, after security forces came close to discovering his whereabouts. Castillo Rodríguez was arrested without gunfire. While Castillo Rodríguez was being taken into custody, confusion among law enforcement personnel triggered a shootout between the undercover PF officers who apprehended Castillo Rodríguez and state policemen who arrived at the scene. Amid the confusion, one undercover PF officer was killed and another was wounded after they were reportedly believed to be organized crime gang members. Castillo Rodríguez was taken to Mexico City and handed over to the SEIDO, and the PF opened a case to investigate the shootout between the two police forces. On 31July 2018, the PF arrested fourteen members of the CJNG in Ocotlán and Cancún, Quintana Roo, in two separate operations. The first operation, which was part of the military-led campaign known as Operation Escudo Titán, was conducted in Ocotlán. Authorities arrested six suspects; according to investigators, these suspects were enforcers of the inner circle of Alonso Guerrero Covarrubias (alias "El 08"), a high-ranking CJNG member and head of El Mencho's security group. The CNS stated that they were involved in the ambush as well as in other attacks against security forces. Authorities seized eight assault rifles, more than 1,000 rounds of ammunition, and two stolen vehicles equipped with M-60 machine gun attachments. In Cancún, authorities arrested eight suspects and also seized multiple weapons. This group was charged with twenty homicide cases and extortions in Cancún, but they were not linked to the ambush in Ocotlán. Aftermath After the attacks, the government announced that they were increasing their law enforcement presence in the region with more troops from the Army and Navy. Federal authorities said that the CJNG had a geographical advantage by being based in Jalisco and the Guadalajara area. They said that this gave the group access to major drug production areas and drug smuggling routes in the Bajío, the Pacific Ocean, and in the states of Sinaloa, Colima, Nayarit, Guerrero, and Michoacán. These areas were once largely controlled by the Sinaloa Cartel, a Sinaloa-based criminal group, but the CJNG was able to gain access to these areas years prior to 2015. The Ocotlán ambush was the start of a series of armed conflicts between the PF and the CJNG throughout 2015. On 23May 2015, Heriberto Acevedo Cárdenas (alias "El Gringo"), a suspected regional leader of the CJNG, was killed in a shootout with the Jalisco State Police in Zacoalco de Torres, Jalisco. Three other CJNG members were also killed. According to investigators, El Mencho reportedly ordered the CJNG to carry out attacks against government security forces in Jalisco as retaliation for El Gringo's death. On 30March, suspected CJNG members carried out an attack against Jalisco's security commissioner, Francisco Alejandro Solorio Aréchiga, while he was driving in Zapopan, Jalisco. Over 100 shots were fired in total, but Solorio Aréchiga's bodyguards were able to repel the CJNG's attack and he was unharmed. Investigators confirmed that this was an assassination attempt against Solorio Aréchiga, and that it stemmed from the government crackdowns on the CJNG's leadership. A few days after this incident, the CJNG carried out an ambush in San Sebastián del Oeste and killed fifteen State Police officers. On 22May, the PF raided a ranch located in Ecuandureo, Michoacán, close to the border with Tanhuato de Guerrero es Tanhuato de Guerrero, Tanhuato. They suspected that a CJNG cell responsible for the Ocotlán ambush was stationed there. Forty-two suspects and one PF officer were killed. The official government account stated that the PF responded to a request to investigate the ranch, where they were attacked. However, human rights organizations and the family of the victims stated that the one-sided victory of the PF suggested that the gunmen were extrajudicially killed, likely as vengeance for previous attacks against law enforcement officers. The families stated that some of the corpses were tortured and burned, and that others had their fingers, eyes, or teeth removed. It was later discovered that more than half of the CJNG victims were originally from Ocotlán. The PF denied that the shootout was an extrajudicial killing and stated that the police response was proportionate. With the death toll of the ambush, the homicide record in Ocotlán for 2015 surpassed the one from the previous year. According to numbers provided by the IJCF after the shootout, Ocotlán registered ten homicides in 2014. The ambush resulted in eleven dead, which increased the death toll for 2015 to twelve. The number of people killed in the ambush, according to the IJCF, equaled the total number of people killed in Ocotlán in all of 2011. The highest death toll registered in Ocotlán in the previous three years was in 2013, when the municipality registered thirteen homicides. Of the forty-eight homicides registered in 2012, 62.5 percent of them were carried out with a firearm, according to figures presented by the IJCF to the press. In Jalisco, 2015 ended with a 10.5 percent increase in complaints of violence from civilians compared to the previous year. In 2014, Jalisco registered 996 complaints; this increased to 1,101 in 2015. In 2016, complaints increased to 1,129, the highest number of complaints registered since 2009. Two years after the ambush, Ocotlán mayor Hernández Zague stated Ocotlán was still working to recover from the attack. "We are undertaking corrective and preventative measures to change what we once saw in Ocotlán", the mayor said. "But this change does not happen overnight. It is a long process." See also Timeline of the Mexican drug war Notes References http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2015/03/20/emboscada-a-policias-federales-deja-al-menos-10-muertos-en-el-occidente-de-mexico/ Emboscada a policías federales deja al menos 10 muertos en el occidente de México Aguiar Rodrigo 20 March 2015 CNN en Español https://web.archive.org/web/20160306055028/http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2015/03/20/emboscada-a-policias-federales-deja-al-menos-10-muertos-en-el-occidente-de-mexico/ 6 March 2016 live Turner Broadcasting System Spanish https://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/1098051.dan-primer-golpe-a-gendarmes.html Dan primer golpe a gendarmes 21 March 2015 El Siglo de Torreón https://web.archive.org/web/20150708171720/http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/1098051.dan-primer-golpe-a-gendarmes.html 8 July 2015 live Spanish http://www.reporteindigo.com/reporte/trata-y-traicion-en-la-policia/ Trata y traición en la Policía Herrera Luis 23 August 2015 Reporte Índigo https://archive.today/20171111193316/http://www.reporteindigo.com/reporte/trata-y-traicion-en-la-policia/ 11 November 2017 live Spanish https://www.foxnews.com/world/mexico-creates-special-federal-force-of-5000-gendarmes-to-combat-widespread-economic-crime/ Mexico creates special federal force of 5,000 gendarmes to combat widespread economic crime 22 August 2014 Fox News Channel https://web.archive.org/web/20180330125817/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/08/22/mexico-creates-special-federal-force-5000-gendarmes-to-combat-widespread.html 30 March 2018 live Associated Press https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/23/world/americas/familiar-flaws-seen-in-mexicos-new-elite-police-force.html Elite Mexican Police Corps Targets Persistent Violence, but Many Are Skeptical Archibold Randal C. 22 August 2014 The New York Times https://web.archive.org/web/20180228081114/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/23/world/americas/familiar-flaws-seen-in-mexicos-new-elite-police-force.html 28 February 2018 live http://www.ntrguadalajara.com/post.php?id_nota=116 Resanado, pintura y silencio sobre balacera en Ocotlán Levario Juan 1 April 2015 NTR Guadalajara https://web.archive.org/web/20181114032836/http://www.ntrguadalajara.com/post.php?id_nota=116 14 November 2018 live Spanish https://www.reporteindigo.com/reporte/el-asalto-ocotlan/ El asalto a Ocotlán Herrera Luis 5 April 2015 Reporte Índigo https://archive.today/20181114033151/https://www.reporteindigo.com/reporte/el-asalto-ocotlan/ 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2015/impreso/policias-objetivo-de-cartel-en-20-dias-matan-a-21-98485.html Policias, objetivo de cartel; en 20 dias matan a 21 Torres Raúl 8 April 2015 El Universal https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180539/http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2015/impreso/policias-objetivo-de-cartel-en-20-dias-matan-a-21-98485.html 1 March 2017 live Spanish http://www.milenio.com/region/Ocotlan-dia-despues-enfrentamiento_0_485351502.html Ocotlán, un día después del enfrentamiento Ornelas Víctor Hugo 21 March 2015 Milenio Spanish 17 November 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20160105194013/http://www.milenio.com/region/Ocotlan-dia-despues-enfrentamiento_0_485351502.html 5 January 2016 live http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2015/03/21/1014665 Matan a cinco gendarmes en emboscada en Jalisco Flores Raúl 21 March 2015 Excélsior https://web.archive.org/web/20151225080551/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2015/03/21/1014665 25 December 2015 live Luna Adriana Spanish https://www.yahoo.com/news/mexicos-generation-cartel-takes-police-head-100842894.html Mexico's 'New Generation' cartel takes police head-on Pineda Leticia 17 April 2015 Yahoo! News https://web.archive.org/web/20181114033227/https://www.yahoo.com/news/mexicos-generation-cartel-takes-police-head-100842894.html 14 November 2018 live Agence France-Presse http://www.proceso.com.mx/398935/balacera-entre-policias-y-sicarios-deja-10-muertos-en-jalisco Suman 11 muertos por balacera en Ocotlán 21 March 2015 Proceso https://web.archive.org/web/20170824012157/http://www.proceso.com.mx/398935/balacera-entre-policias-y-sicarios-deja-10-muertos-en-jalisco 24 August 2017 live Spanish http://archivo.24-horas.mx/policia-federal-ajusta-a-11-cifra-de-muertos-tras-emboscada-en-ocotlan/ Policía Federal ajusta a 11 cifra de muertos tras emboscada en Ocotlán 20 March 2011 Diario 24 Horas https://web.archive.org/web/20181114032104/http://archivo.24-horas.mx/policia-federal-ajusta-a-11-cifra-de-muertos-tras-emboscada-en-ocotlan/ 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.univision.com/noticias/noticias-de-mexico/enfrentamiento-entre-policias-y-sicarios-deja-11-muertos-en-jalisco-mexico Enfrentamiento entre policías y sicarios deja 11 muertos en Jalisco, México 21 March 2015 Univision https://web.archive.org/web/20180726171344/https://www.univision.com/noticias/noticias-de-mexico/enfrentamiento-entre-policias-y-sicarios-deja-11-muertos-en-jalisco-mexico 26 July 2018 live Spanish http://www.zocalo.com.mx/new_site/articulo/video-emboscan-a-la-gendarmeria-en-jalisco-hay-5-policias-muertos-142686804 Suman ya 11 decesos por balacera en Ocotlán 21 March 2015 Zócalo Saltillo https://web.archive.org/web/20181114033431/http://www.zocalo.com.mx/new_site/articulo/video-emboscan-a-la-gendarmeria-en-jalisco-hay-5-policias-muertos-142686804 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.milenio.com/policia/Suman-muertos-emboscada-Ocotlan_0_485351471.html Suman 11 muertos por emboscada en Ocotlán Alzaga Ignacio 21 March 2015 Milenio https://web.archive.org/web/20170909192854/http://www.milenio.com/policia/Suman-muertos-emboscada-Ocotlan_0_485351471.html 9 September 2017 live Serrano Sonia Spanish CJNG responsable de balacera en Ocotlán 21 March 2015 Un1ón Jalisco El Universal Spanish https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-T1uLpzA1jE Dan a conocer resultados de enfrentamiento en Ocotlán Espinoza de los Monteros Hiram 21 March 2015 Televisa https://web.archive.org/web/20180726171344/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-T1uLpzA1jE 26 July 2018 live Spanish YouTube https://www.razon.com.mx/el-cartel-de-jalisco-detras-del-ataque-a-gendarmes-fiscal/ El Cártel de Jalisco, detrás del ataque a gendarmes: Fiscal 21 March 2015 La Razón https://web.archive.org/web/20181113222613/https://www.razon.com.mx/mexico/el-cartel-de-jalisco-detras-del-ataque-a-gendarmes-fiscal/ 13 November 2018 live Spanish http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2015/emboscan-a-gendarmes-en-ocotlan-1086381.html Emboscan a gendarmes en Ocotlán Torres Raúl 21 March 2015 El Universal https://web.archive.org/web/20150804082501/http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2015/emboscan-a-gendarmes-en-ocotlan-1086381.html 4 August 2015 live Muedano Marcos Spanish http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2015/ocotlan-pf-fallecidos-emboscados-1086247.html Confirma PF que efectivos fueron emboscados en Ocotlán 20 March 2015 El Universal https://web.archive.org/web/20150804103556/http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2015/ocotlan-pf-fallecidos-emboscados-1086247.html 4 August 2015 live Spanish https://www.informador.mx/Jalisco/La-noche-mas-violenta-de-Ocotlan-relatan-vecinos-20150320-0120.html La noche más violenta de Ocotlán, relatan vecinos 20 March 2015 El Informador https://web.archive.org/web/20170412035330/http://www.informador.com.mx/jalisco/2015/582404/6/la-noche-mas-violenta-de-ocotlan-relatan-vecinos.htm 12 April 2017 live Spanish http://www.proceso.com.mx/400230/crece-la-indignacion-ocotlense Crece la indignación ocotlense Ramírez Herrera Marcelo 4 April 2015 Proceso https://web.archive.org/web/20181114151137/https://www.proceso.com.mx/400230/crece-la-indignacion-ocotlense 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.proceso.com.mx/400084/ocotlan-violencia-y-miedo Ocotlán: violencia y miedo 3 April 2015 Proceso https://web.archive.org/web/20170911164011/http://www.proceso.com.mx/400084/ocotlan-violencia-y-miedo 11 September 2017 live Spanish http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2015/03/21/politica/013n1pol Movimiento de droga en Jalisco causó emboscada a gendarmes: PF Castillo García Gustavo 21 March 2015 La Jornada https://web.archive.org/web/20150402111532/http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2015/03/21/politica/013n1pol 2 April 2015 live Partida Juan Carlos Spanish https://www.razon.com.mx/alcalde-de-ocotlan-niega-que-emboscada-a-gendarmes-sea-por-efecto-cucaracha/ Alcalde de Ocotlán niega que emboscada a gendarmes sea por 'efecto cucaracha' 20 March 2015 La Razón https://archive.today/20181114151338/https://www.razon.com.mx/mexico/alcalde-de-ocotlan-niega-que-emboscada-a-gendarmes-sea-por-efecto-cucaracha/ 14 November 2018 live Spanish https://www.am.com.mx/leon/mexico/llega-la-sicosis-tras-balacera-en-ocotlan-189124.html Llega la sicosis tras balacera en Ocotlán 21 March 2015 Periódico AM https://web.archive.org/web/20150708123314/https://www.am.com.mx/leon/mexico/llega-la-sicosis-tras-balacera-en-ocotlan-189124.html 8 July 2015 Spanish http://diario.mx/Nacional/2015-03-21_f67433b1/suman-11-muertos-por-enfrentamiento-en-ocotlan-jalisco/ Suman 11 muertos por enfrentamiento en Ocotlán, Jalisco 21 March 2015 El Diario de Juárez https://web.archive.org/web/20150810201626/http://diario.mx/Nacional/2015-03-21_f67433b1/suman-11-muertos-por-enfrentamiento-en-ocotlan-jalisco/ 10 August 2015 live Spanish http://www.mural.com/aplicacioneslibre/preacceso/articulo/default.aspx?id=500694&urlredirect=http://www.mural.com/aplicaciones/articulo/default.aspx?id=500694 Marchan por la paz en Ocotlán Zúñiga Norma 28 March 2015 Mural https://web.archive.org/web/20180726171345/https://www.mural.com/aplicacioneslibre/preacceso/articulo/default.aspx?id=500694&urlredirect=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mural.com%2Faplicaciones%2Farticulo%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fid%3D500694 26 July 2018 live Spanish http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/se-manifiestan-contra-la-violencia-en-octotlan Se manifiestan contra la violencia en Octotlán 28 March 2015 El Financiero https://archive.today/20181114151629/http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/se-manifiestan-contra-la-violencia-en-octotlan 14 November 2018 live Spanish https://www.scribd.com/doc/259441011/Semblanza-de-policias-federales-caidos-en-Ocotlan-Jalisco Semblanza de los cinco elementos integrantes de la División Gendarmería caídos ayer en el cumplimento de su deber en Ocotlán, Jalisco 20 March 2015 Secretariat of the Interior Spanish Scribd https://web.archive.org/web/20171112033953/https://www.scribd.com/doc/259441011/Semblanza-de-policias-federales-caidos-en-Ocotlan-Jalisco 12 November 2017 live http://www.milenio.com/policia/fiscalia-interviene-policia-de-ocotlan Fiscalía interviene policía de Ocotlán Martínez Jorge 14 March 2017 Milenio https://archive.today/20181114153145/http://www.milenio.com/policia/fiscalia-interviene-policia-de-ocotlan 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://semanal.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/2015/03/26/rescatan-animales-exoticos-de-finca-del-narco-en-jalisco-1484.html Rescatan animales exóticos de finca del narco en Jalisco G. Partida Juan Carlos 26 March 2015 La Jornada https://web.archive.org/web/20171112164613/http://semanal.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/2015/03/26/rescatan-animales-exoticos-de-finca-del-narco-en-jalisco-1484.html 12 November 2017 dead Spanish http://www.milenio.com/policia/Hallan-narcozoo-Ocotlan-enfrentamiento-Gendarneria-Profepa-leon-tigre-ozezno_0_488351210.html Hallan 'narcozoo' en Ocotlán tras el enfrentamiento 26 March 2015 Milenio https://web.archive.org/web/20161013143301/http://www.milenio.com/policia/Hallan-narcozoo-Ocotlan-enfrentamiento-Gendarneria-Profepa-leon-tigre-ozezno_0_488351210.html 13 October 2016 live Spanish http://www.milenio.com/policia/Operativos-invaden-Ocotlan-luego-enfrentamiento_0_488951142.html Operativos invaden Ocotlán luego del enfrentamiento Martínez Jorge 27 March 2015 Milenio https://web.archive.org/web/20160814203334/http://www.milenio.com/policia/Operativos-invaden-Ocotlan-luego-enfrentamiento_0_488951142.html 14 August 2016 live Spanish https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s391IcJcpVo Operativos invaden Ocotlán luego del enfrentamiento 27 March 2015 Milenio Televisión Spanish YouTube http://archivo.24-horas.mx/buscan-a-los-responsables-de-emboscada-en-ocotlan/ Buscan a los responsables de emboscada en Ocotlán Nácar Jonathan 23 March 2015 Diario 24 Horas https://archive.today/20181114034211/http://archivo.24-horas.mx/buscan-a-los-responsables-de-emboscada-en-ocotlan/ 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.elnorte.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=496154&md5=3bb0d091f3ad73050e34865181f25539&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe Cae uno por ataque a PF en Ocotlán 23 March 2015 El Norte https://web.archive.org/web/20181113222613/https://www.elnorte.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=496154&md5=3bb0d091f3ad73050e34865181f25539&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe 13 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2015/06/09/1028654 Caen policías municipales por ataque a Gendarmería en Ocotlán Vicenteño David 9 June 2015 Excélsior https://web.archive.org/web/20151229230424/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2015/06/09/1028654 29 December 2015 live Spanish http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/detienen-a-implicados-en-emboscada-a-policias-federales-en-jalisco.html Caen cuatro implicados en emboscada a policías federales en Jalisco Huerta Juan Carlos 9 June 2015 El Financiero https://web.archive.org/web/20150818202248/http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/detienen-a-implicados-en-emboscada-a-policias-federales-en-jalisco.html 18 August 2015 live Spanish http://www.afmedios.com/2015/06/tres-policias-de-ocotlan-detenidos-por-su-presunta-participacion-en-emboscada-a-federales-en-jalisco/ Tres policías de Ocotlán detenidos por su presunta participación en emboscada a federales en Jalisco Neri Antonio 10 June 2015 AF Medios https://web.archive.org/web/20151009231121/http://www.afmedios.com/2015/06/tres-policias-de-ocotlan-detenidos-por-su-presunta-participacion-en-emboscada-a-federales-en-jalisco/ 9 October 2015 live Spanish https://www.elsoldemexico.com.mx/mexico/Detienen-a-%E2%80%9CEl-Javi%E2%80%9D-que-orden%C3%B3-emboscada-a-federales-en-Ocotl%C3%A1n-Jalisco-173820.html Detienen a 'El Javi', que ordenó emboscada a federales en Ocotlán, Jalisco Ramírez Gamboa Anel 1 September 2015 El Sol de México https://web.archive.org/web/20181114154909/https://www.elsoldemexico.com.mx/mexico/Detienen-a-%E2%80%9CEl-Javi%E2%80%9D-que-orden%C3%B3-emboscada-a-federales-en-Ocotl%C3%A1n-Jalisco-173820.html 14 November 2018 live Organización Editorial Mexicana Spanish http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/enfrentamiento-entre-civiles-y-gendarmeria-deja-un-muerto-en-jalisco.html Tras enfrentamiento en Ocotlán, Gendarmería detiene a sicarios de CJNG Vela Saúl 9 November 2015 El Financiero https://web.archive.org/web/20161222081610/http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/enfrentamiento-entre-civiles-y-gendarmeria-deja-un-muerto-en-jalisco.html 22 December 2016 live Huerta Juan Carlos Spanish https://www.informador.mx/jalisco/Detienen-a-14-en-operativos-federales-en-Ocotlan-y-Quintana-Roo-20180801-0123.html Detienen a 14 en operativos federales en Ocotlán y Quintana Roo 1 August 2015 El Informador Spanish https://web.archive.org/web/20180818142244/https://www.informador.mx/jalisco/Detienen-a-14-en-operativos-federales-en-Ocotlan-y-Quintana-Roo-20180801-0123.html 18 August 2018 live https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/08/world/americas/mexico-gunmen-kill-15-police-officers.html Mexico: Gunmen Kill 15 Police Officers Malkin Elisabeth 7 April 2015 The New York Times https://web.archive.org/web/20151009075147/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/08/world/americas/mexico-gunmen-kill-15-police-officers.html 9 October 2015 live http://archivo.unionjalisco.mx/articulo/2015/03/24/seguridad/guadalajara/el-historial-criminal-del-jefe-del-cjng-abatido-en-zacoalc El historial criminal del jefe del CJNG abatido en Zacoalco 24 March 2015 Un1ón Jalisco https://archive.today/20170910150558/http://archivo.unionjalisco.mx/articulo/2015/03/24/seguridad/guadalajara/el-historial-criminal-del-jefe-del-cjng-abatido-en-zacoalc 10 September 2017 dead El Universal Spanish dmy-all 13 November 2018 http://www.proceso.com.mx/399272/jefe-de-celula-del-cjng-una-de-las-victimas-de-enfrentamiento-en-jalisco Jefe de célula del CJNG, una de las víctimas de enfrentamiento en Jalisco 24 March 2015 Proceso https://web.archive.org/web/20170301092847/http://www.proceso.com.mx/399272/jefe-de-celula-del-cjng-una-de-las-victimas-de-enfrentamiento-en-jalisco 1 March 2017 live Spanish de Mauleón Héctor Héctor de Mauleón CJNG: La sombra que nadie vio http://www.nexos.com.mx/?p=25113 Revista Nexos 1 June 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20170305001347/http://www.nexos.com.mx/?p=25113 5 March 2017 live Spanish http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2015/impreso/policias-objetivo-de-cartel-en-20-dias-matan-a-21-98485.html Policias, objetivo de cartel; en 20 dias matan a 21 8 April 2015 El Universal https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180539/http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2015/impreso/policias-objetivo-de-cartel-en-20-dias-matan-a-21-98485.html 1 March 2017 live Spanish Torres Raúl http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/cartel-de-jalisco-nueva-generacion-ataca-a-comisionado.html Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación ataca a comisionado Huerta Juan Carlos 31 March 2015 El Financiero https://web.archive.org/web/20150708213204/http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/cartel-de-jalisco-nueva-generacion-ataca-a-comisionado.html 8 July 2015 live Spanish http://www.milenio.com/policia/Alejandro_Solorio_Arechiga-crimen_por_venganza-Luis_Carlos_Najera-Rio_Blanco_0_491351173.html Confirman que atentando contra Alejandro Solorio fue venganza Martínez Jorge 31 March 2015 Milenio https://web.archive.org/web/20160106105305/http://www.milenio.com/policia/Alejandro_Solorio_Arechiga-crimen_por_venganza-Luis_Carlos_Najera-Rio_Blanco_0_491351173.html 6 January 2016 live Spanish http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/fiscalia-confirma-enfrentamiento-en-jalisco-habria-15-muertos.html Fiscalía confirma enfrentamiento en Jalisco; habría 15 muertos 7 April 2015 El Financiero https://web.archive.org/web/20150710144940/http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/fiscalia-confirma-enfrentamiento-en-jalisco-habria-15-muertos.html 10 July 2015 live Spanish http://www.milenio.com/policia/rancho_El_Sol_Michoacan-enfrentamiento_Michoacan-cosecha_alfalfa_rancho_El_Sol_0_522548051.html Se cultivaba alfalfa en rancho donde ocurrió enfrentamiento 23 May 2015 23 May 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150524115818/http://www.milenio.com/policia/rancho_El_Sol_Michoacan-enfrentamiento_Michoacan-cosecha_alfalfa_rancho_El_Sol_0_522548051.html 24 May 2015 live Milenio Mexico City Spanish http://www.cronica.com.mx/notas/2015/899989.html Grupo abatido, el mismo que mató a gendarmes en Ocotlán 23 May 2015 La Crónica de Hoy https://archive.today/20181114155548/http://www.cronica.com.mx/notas/2015/899989.html 14 November 2018 live Spanish https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/residents-in-a-mexican-neighborhood-miss-the-cartel-that-protected-them/2015/05/29/049537de-032f-11e5-93f4-f24d4af7f97d_story.html https://web.archive.org/web/20150531014601/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/residents-in-a-mexican-neighborhood-miss-the-cartel-that-protected-them/2015/05/29/049537de-032f-11e5-93f4-f24d4af7f97d_story.html dead 31 May 2015 Residents in a Mexican neighborhood miss the cartel that protected them Partlow Joshua 30 May 2015 The Washington Post http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/entrada-de-opinion/columna/hector-de-mauleon/nacion/2015/06/1/la-conexion-ocotlan-tanhuato La conexión Ocotlán-Tanhuato de Mauleón Héctor 1 June 2015 El Universal https://web.archive.org/web/20171111212227/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/entrada-de-opinion/columna/hector-de-mauleon/nacion/2015/06/1/la-conexion-ocotlan-tanhuato 11 November 2017 live Spanish https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-police-idUSKCN10V04X?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews Police massacre on ranch leaves deep scars in Mexican town Diaz Lizbeth 19 August 2016 https://archive.today/20170827181829/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-police-idUSKCN10V04X?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews 27 August 2017 live Reuters Daniel Frank Jack https://www.mural.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=1069898&md5=2c846f1256a4e4de7a91a6890a8fb8b6&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe Deja emboscada huella en Ocotlán 19 March 2017 Mural https://web.archive.org/web/20181113223848/https://www.mural.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=1069898&md5=2c846f1256a4e4de7a91a6890a8fb8b6&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe 13 November 2018 live Reforma Spanish https://www.horacero.com.mx/nacional/tiroteo-en-ocotlan-deja-10-muertos-5-son-gendarmes/ Tiroteo en Ocotlán deja 10 muertos; 5 eran gendarmes 20 March 2015 Hora Cero https://web.archive.org/web/20170516154210/http://www.horacero.com.mx/nacional/tiroteo-en-ocotlan-deja-10-muertos-5-son-gendarmes/ 16 May 2017 live Spanish http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2014/08/23/nueve-claves-para-entender-la-gendarmeria-el-nuevo-cuerpo-policial-mexicano/ Nueve claves para entender la Gendarmería, el nuevo cuerpo policial mexicano 23 August 2014 CNN en Español https://web.archive.org/web/20170427012712/http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2014/08/23/nueve-claves-para-entender-la-gendarmeria-el-nuevo-cuerpo-policial-mexicano/ 27 April 2017 live Turner Broadcasting System Spanish https://www.yahoo.com/news/mexico-ambush-leaves-10-dead-including-5-federal-153922587.html Mexico ambush kills 10, including 5 federal police Zamarroni Ulises 20 March 2015 Yahoo! News https://web.archive.org/web/20181114032017/https://www.yahoo.com/news/mexico-ambush-leaves-10-dead-including-5-federal-153922587.html 14 November 2018 live Agence France-Presse https://www.reporteindigo.com/reporte/jalisco-en-codigo-rojo/ Jalisco… ¿en Código Rojo? Ferrer Mauricio 7 April 2015 Reporte Índigo https://archive.today/20171030024711/https://www.reporteindigo.com/reporte/jalisco-en-codigo-rojo/ 30 October 2017 live Spanish http://www.eldiariodecoahuila.com.mx/seguridad/2015/5/3/costosa-operacion-jalisco-504771.html La costosa Operación Jalisco 3 May 2015 El Diario de Coahuila https://archive.today/20181114032735/http://www.eldiariodecoahuila.com.mx/seguridad/2015/5/3/costosa-operacion-jalisco-504771.html 14 November 2018 dead Spanish 12 November 2017 dmy-all http://expansion.mx/nacional/2015/03/20/5-gendarmes-3-agresores-y-2-civiles-mueren-tras-un-tiroteo-en-jalisco 5 gendarmes, 3 agresores y 3 civiles mueren tras un tiroteo en Jalisco 20 March 2015 CNN Expansión https://web.archive.org/web/20180726171345/https://expansion.mx/nacional/2015/03/20/5-gendarmes-3-agresores-y-2-civiles-mueren-tras-un-tiroteo-en-jalisco 26 July 2018 live Turner Broadcasting System Spanish http://diario.mx/Nacional/2015-03-20_14114ad5/cinco-agentes-y-un-estudiante-victimas-de-emboscada-en-jalisco/ Cinco agentes y un estudiante, víctimas de emboscada en Jalisco 20 March 2015 Diario de Juárez https://web.archive.org/web/20150811030002/http://diario.mx/Nacional/2015-03-20_14114ad5/cinco-agentes-y-un-estudiante-victimas-de-emboscada-en-jalisco/ 11 August 2015 live Spanish http://www.milenio.com/policia/Caen_municipales-asesinato_de_gendarmes_en_Jalisco_0_533946616.html Caen 4 municipales por asesinato de gendarmes en Jalisco Alzaga Ignacio 10 June 2015 Milenio https://web.archive.org/web/20151022231510/http://www.milenio.com/policia/Caen_municipales-asesinato_de_gendarmes_en_Jalisco_0_533946616.html 22 October 2015 live Spanish http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/509945.html Reportan 11 personas muertas tras balacera en Sinaloa Cabrera Martínez Javier 27 May 2008 El Universal https://web.archive.org/web/20181114033015/http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/509945.html 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2009/07/15/politica/005n1pol Miembros de La Familia mataron a los 12 policías federales: SSP Castillo Gustavo 15 July 2009 La Jornada https://web.archive.org/web/20170625092123/http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2009/07/15/politica/005n1pol 25 June 2017 live Spanish http://www.animalpolitico.com/2015/04/en-un-ano-y-con-la-misma-emboscada-cartel-de-jalisco-asesina-a-24-militares-policias-y-gendarmes/ El Cártel de Jalisco pasa a la ofensiva: van 24 elementos policiales muertos en emboscadas Ángel Arturo 8 April 2015 Animal Político https://web.archive.org/web/20150902101004/http://www.animalpolitico.com/2015/04/en-un-ano-y-con-la-misma-emboscada-cartel-de-jalisco-asesina-a-24-militares-policias-y-gendarmes/ 2 September 2015 live Spanish http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2015/03/20/seguridad/gendarmes-fueron-emboscados-en-ocotlan?page=1 Gendarmes fueron emboscados en Ocotlán 23 March 2015 Un1ón Cancún https://web.archive.org/web/20171231045018/http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2015/03/20/seguridad/gendarmes-fueron-emboscados-en-ocotlan?page=1 31 December 2017 live El Universal Spanish http://diario.mx/Nacional/2015-03-20_8f7f2e92/confirma-policia-federal-cinco-agentes-muertos-en-jalisco/ Confirma Policía Federal cinco agentes muertos en Jalisco 20 March 2015 Diario de Juárez https://web.archive.org/web/20150810152439/http://diario.mx/Nacional/2015-03-20_8f7f2e92/confirma-policia-federal-cinco-agentes-muertos-en-jalisco/ 10 August 2015 live Spanish http://www.ejecentral.com.mx/mueren-10-en-enfrentamiento-5-eran-gendarmes/ Mueren 10 en enfrentamiento; 5 eran gendarmes 20 March 2015 Eje Central https://web.archive.org/web/20160131210609/http://www.ejecentral.com.mx/mueren-10-en-enfrentamiento-5-eran-gendarmes/ 31 January 2016 live Spanish http://www.mvsnoticias.com/#!/noticias/mueren-cinco-civiles-y-cinco-gendarmes-durante-enfrentamiento-en-ocotlan-jal-885.html Suman once muertos tras enfrentamiento en Ocotlán, Jalisco 20 March 2015 MVS Comunicaciones Spanish 26 January 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180124175538/http://www.mvsnoticias.com/#!/noticias/mueren-cinco-civiles-y-cinco-gendarmes-durante-enfrentamiento-en-ocotlan-jal-885.html 24 January 2018 live https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTyHvDqFxMI Ya son 11 personas muertas tras balacera en Ocotlán Serrano Sonia 20 March 2015 Milenio Televisión Spanish YouTube http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/emboscada-contra-policias-deja-10-muertos-en-ocotlan-jalisco.html Emboscada contra policías deja 10 muertos en Ocotlán, Jalisco 20 March 2015 El Financiero https://web.archive.org/web/20150717132925/http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/emboscada-contra-policias-deja-10-muertos-en-ocotlan-jalisco.html 17 July 2015 live Spanish http://www.milenio.com/region/policias_balacera_Ocotlan-Centro_Medico_Occidente-colonia_Mascota_0_487151474.html Dan de alta a policías heridos tras enfrentamiento en Ocotlán Rello Maricarmen 23 March 2015 Milenio https://web.archive.org/web/20151231005955/http://www.milenio.com/region/policias_balacera_Ocotlan-Centro_Medico_Occidente-colonia_Mascota_0_487151474.html 31 December 2015 live Spanish https://es-us.noticias.yahoo.com/diez-muertos-5-gendarmes-emboscada-oeste-m%C3%A9xico-160550648.html Once muertos, cinco de ellos gendarmes, en una emboscada en oeste de México Zamarroni Ulises 20 March 2015 Yahoo! News https://web.archive.org/web/20150523185630/https://es-us.noticias.yahoo.com/diez-muertos-5-gendarmes-emboscada-oeste-m%C3%A9xico-160550648.html 23 May 2015 live Agence France-Presse Spanish http://archivo.24-horas.mx/graban-balacera-entre-sicarios-y-gendarmes-en-ocotlan-video/ Graban balacera entre sicarios y gendarmes en Ocotlán (+video) 20 March 2015 Diario 24 Horas https://archive.today/20181114033811/http://archivo.24-horas.mx/graban-balacera-entre-sicarios-y-gendarmes-en-ocotlan-video/ 14 November 2018 live Spanish https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-violence/gunfight-kills-10-after-ambush-on-mexican-police-idUSKBN0MG28R20150320 Gunfight kills 10 after ambush on Mexican police Diaz Lizbeth 20 March 2015 Reuters https://www.vice.com/en/article/how-the-jalisco-new-generation-cartel-is-terrorizing-the-people-of-western-mexico/ How the Jalisco New Generation Cartel Is Terrorizing the People of Western Mexico Tucker Duncan 10 April 2015 VICE https://web.archive.org/web/20160821081113/https://news.vice.com/article/how-the-jalisco-new-generation-cartel-is-terrorizing-the-people-of-western-mexico 21 August 2016 live Ornelas Víctor Hugo https://www.infobae.com/2015/03/20/1717190-una-emboscada-narco-dejo-10-muertos-mexico/ Una emboscada narco dejó 10 muertos en México 20 March 2015 Infobae https://web.archive.org/web/20151213080905/http://www.infobae.com/2015/03/20/1717190-una-emboscada-narco-dejo-10-muertos-mexico 13 December 2015 live Spanish http://www.sinembargo.mx/20-03-2015/1288437 Suman ya 11 decesos por balacera en Ocotlán, Jalisco; autoridades hallan más de 2 mil casquillos 20 March 2015 Sin Embargo https://web.archive.org/web/20160210230158/http://www.sinembargo.mx/20-03-2015/1288437 10 February 2016 live Spanish http://wradio.com.mx/radio/2015/03/20/judicial/1426876800_683624.html PGR y CNS investigan agresión a federales en Ocotlán, Jalisco 23 March 2015 W Radio Spanish http://lajornadasanluis.com.mx/politica-y-sociedad/balacera-entre-policias-y-presuntos-sicarios-deja-10-muertos-en-jalisco/ Balacera entre policías y presuntos sicarios deja 10 muertos en Jalisco G. Partida Juan Carlos 20 March 2015 La Jornada https://web.archive.org/web/20181114150350/http://lajornadasanluis.com.mx/politica-y-sociedad/balacera-entre-policias-y-presuntos-sicarios-deja-10-muertos-en-jalisco/ 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.revistazocalo.com.mx/archivo/45-zocalo/5779-cronica-de-una-balacera-de-terror-en-ocotlan-jalisco.html Crónica de una balacera de terror en Ocotlán, Jalisco Rondán Osvaldo 20 March 2015 Revista Zócalo https://web.archive.org/web/20150323215601/http://www.revistazocalo.com.mx/45-zocalo/5779-cronica-de-una-balacera-de-terror-en-ocotlan-jalisco.html 23 March 2015 dead Suro Érika Spanish http://www.milenio.com/policia/balacera_Ocotlan-colonia_Mascota-Gendarmeria_ocotlan_0_484751741.html Violencia deja marca en Ocotlán Ornelas Víctor Hugo 20 March 2015 Milenio https://web.archive.org/web/20160104205239/http://www.milenio.com/policia/balacera_Ocotlan-colonia_Mascota-Gendarmeria_ocotlan_0_484751741.html 4 January 2016 live Spanish http://www.radioformula.com.mx/notas.asp?Idn=488017&idFC=2015 Confirma PF 10 personas muertas por ataque en Ocotlán López Dóriga Joaquín 20 March 2015 Radio Fórmula https://web.archive.org/web/20150716132120/http://www.radioformula.com.mx/notas.asp?Idn=488017&idFC=2015 16 July 2015 live Spanish https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JduF-oIJ3Ys Enfrentamiento en Ocotlán deja al menos tres muertos y ocho lesionados 20 March 2015 Televisa Spanish YouTube http://hemeroteca.proceso.com.mx/?p=399682 Campo de batalla 28 March 2015 Proceso https://web.archive.org/web/20181114150919/http://hemeroteca.proceso.com.mx/?p=399682 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.mural.com/aplicacioneslibre/preacceso/articulo/default.aspx?id=494762&urlredirect=http://www.mural.com/aplicaciones/articulo/default.aspx?id=494762 Reanudarán clases en Ocotlán 21 March 2015 Mural https://archive.today/20181114151305/https://www.mural.com/aplicacioneslibre/preacceso/articulo/default.aspx?id=494762&urlredirect=http://www.mural.com/aplicaciones/articulo/default.aspx%3Fid=494762 14 November 2018 live Reforma Spanish subscription http://www.animalpolitico.com/blogueros-plata-o-plomo/2011/11/03/existe-el-efecto-cucaracha/ ¿Existe el efecto cucaracha? Hope Alejandro 3 November 2011 Animal Político https://web.archive.org/web/20170815024150/http://www.animalpolitico.com/blogueros-plata-o-plomo/2011/11/03/existe-el-efecto-cucaracha/ 15 August 2017 live Spanish http://www.milenio.com/policia/cielo-Jesucristo-infierno-Mencho_0_514148603.html Del cielo de Jesucristo al infierno de 'El Mencho' Becerra-Acosta Juan Pablo 8 May 2015 Milenio https://web.archive.org/web/20160825031910/http://www.milenio.com/policia/cielo-Jesucristo-infierno-Mencho_0_514148603.html 25 August 2016 live Spanish http://www.cronicajalisco.com/notas/2015/40160.html Temen que se vuelva a repetir la balacera Hernández René 27 March 2015 La Crónica de Hoy https://web.archive.org/web/20180726171344/http://www.cronicajalisco.com/notas/2015/40160.html 26 July 2018 live Spanish https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWKAEtuIhbs Isaac Esau Solís, 1999–2015 27 March 2015 Vision TV Ocotlán Canal 112 https://web.archive.org/web/20180726171344/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWKAEtuIhbs 26 July 2018 live Spanish YouTube https://www.informador.mx/Jalisco/Organizan-marcha-por-la-paz-en-Ocotlan-20150325-0083.html Organizan marcha por la paz en Ocotlán Quintanilla Carolina 25 March 2015 El Informador https://web.archive.org/web/20181114151600/https://www.informador.mx/Jalisco/Organizan-marcha-por-la-paz-en-Ocotlan-20150325-0083.html 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.mural.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=502318&md5=4756f063d80d20487537a9af63563e06&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe Pide Ocotlán por la seguridad Jaime Mariana 30 March 2015 Mural https://web.archive.org/web/20181114152025/https://www.mural.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=502318&md5=4756f063d80d20487537a9af63563e06&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe 14 November 2018 live Reforma Spanish http://vicariapastoralgdl.org/marchan-por-la-paz-en-ocotlan-jalisco/ Marchan por la paz en Ocotlán, Jalisco Ortega Camacho Rebecca 30 March 2015 Vicaría Diocesana de Pastoral Spanish https://web.archive.org/web/20171120014352/http://vicariapastoralgdl.org/marchan-por-la-paz-en-ocotlan-jalisco/ 20 November 2017 live http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion-mexico/2015/destaca-osorio-valor-policia-caidos-ocotlan-1086353.html Destaca Osorio valor de policías caídos en Ocotlán 20 March 2015 El Universal https://web.archive.org/web/20150803205745/http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion-mexico/2015/destaca-osorio-valor-policia-caidos-ocotlan-1086353.html 3 August 2015 live Spanish https://www.informador.mx/Jalisco/Osorio-Chong-lamenta-muerte-de-gendarmes-en-Ocotlan-20150320-0052.html Osorio Chong lamenta muerte de gendarmes en Ocotlán 20 March 2015 El Informador https://web.archive.org/web/20181114152118/https://www.informador.mx/Jalisco/Osorio-Chong-lamenta-muerte-de-gendarmes-en-Ocotlan-20150320-0052.html 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.unionhidalgo.mx/articulo/2015/03/20/seguridad/osorio-chong-da-pesame-familiares-de-policias-asesinados Osorio da pésame a familias de policías asesinados González Correa Jorge 20 March 2015 Un1ón Hidalgo https://web.archive.org/web/20150322182257/http://www.unionhidalgo.mx/articulo/2015/03/20/seguridad/osorio-chong-da-pesame-familiares-de-policias-asesinados 22 March 2015 live El Universal https://www.gob.mx/policiafederal/prensa/rinden-homenaje-postumo-a-elementos-de-la-division-de-gendarmeria-que-perdieron-la-vida-en-ocotlan-jalisco Rinden homenaje póstumo a elementos de la División de Gendarmería que perdieron la vida en Ocotlán, Jalisco 20 March 2015 Government of Mexico Spanish https://web.archive.org/web/20180722155546/https://www.gob.mx/policiafederal/prensa/rinden-homenaje-postumo-a-elementos-de-la-division-de-gendarmeria-que-perdieron-la-vida-en-ocotlan-jalisco 22 July 2018 live http://www.reforma.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=494731&md5=35e398a2411482da719df23188ef373c&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe Rinden homenaje a gendarmes asesinados 21 March 2015 Reforma https://archive.today/20181114152405/https://www.reforma.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=494731&md5=35e398a2411482da719df23188ef373c&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.info7.mx/seccion/rinde-homenaje-policia-federal-a-gendarmes-caidos-en-ocotlan/1519636 Rinde homenaje Policía Federal a gendarmes caídos en Ocotlán 21 March 2015 Info 7 https://web.archive.org/web/20181114152526/http://www.info7.mx/seccion/rinde-homenaje-policia-federal-a-gendarmes-caidos-en-ocotlan/1519636 14 November 2018 live Spanish https://www.gob.mx/policiafederal/prensa/ceremonia-luctuosa-en-honor-de-los-elementos-de-la-division-de-gendarmeria-caidos-en-cumplimiento-del-deber Ceremonia luctuosa en honor de los elementos de la División de Gendarmería caídos en cumplimiento del deber 21 March 2015 Government of Mexico Spanish https://web.archive.org/web/20180718082615/https://www.gob.mx/policiafederal/prensa/ceremonia-luctuosa-en-honor-de-los-elementos-de-la-division-de-gendarmeria-caidos-en-cumplimiento-del-deber 18 July 2018 live http://comunicacion.senado.gob.mx/index.php/informacion/boletines/19644-senado-guarda-minuto-de-silencio-por-elementos-de-la-gendarmeria-caidos-en-ocotlan-jalisco.html Senado guarda minuto de silencio por elementos de la gendarmería caídos en Ocotlán, Jalisco 24 March 2015 Senate of the Republic Spanish https://web.archive.org/web/20181114152628/http://comunicacion.senado.gob.mx/index.php/informacion/boletines/19644-senado-guarda-minuto-de-silencio-por-elementos-de-la-gendarmeria-caidos-en-ocotlan-jalisco.html 14 November 2018 live http://www.losangelespress.org/en-ocotlan-alto-riesgo-de-perder-la-vida-en-la-calle-fiscal-de-jalisco/ En Ocotlán, alto riesgo de perder la vida en la calle: Fiscal de Jalisco Pineda Bahena Teódulo 30 March 2015 Los Ángeles Press https://web.archive.org/web/20160312033222/http://www.losangelespress.org/en-ocotlan-alto-riesgo-de-perder-la-vida-en-la-calle-fiscal-de-jalisco/ 12 March 2016 live Spanish http://www.elnorte.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=495072&md5=3a8fee4b300f7d3a987c90cc0cf6b0e5&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe Alertan en Ocotlán por extorsionadores 22 March 2015 El Norte https://web.archive.org/web/20181114152801/https://www.elnorte.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=495072&md5=3a8fee4b300f7d3a987c90cc0cf6b0e5&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe 14 November 2018 live Spanish https://mexico.quadratin.com.mx/Rinde-Gendarmeria-homenaje-a-5-policias-muertos-en-Ocotlan-Jalisco/ Rinde Gendarmería homenaje a 5 policías muertos en Ocotlán, Jalisco 20 March 2016 Agencia Quadratín https://web.archive.org/web/20160910215101/https://mexico.quadratin.com.mx/Rinde-Gendarmeria-homenaje-a-5-policias-muertos-en-Ocotlan-Jalisco/ 10 September 2016 live Spanish http://www.milenio.com/policia/Rinden-homenaje-gendarmes-emboscados-Ocotlan_0_703729833.html Rinden homenaje a gendarmes emboscados en Ocotlán 19 March 2016 Milenio https://web.archive.org/web/20160328170221/http://www.milenio.com/policia/Rinden-homenaje-gendarmes-emboscados-Ocotlan_0_703729833.html 28 March 2016 live Spanish http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion-mexico/2015/destaca-pf-semblanza-de-gendarmes-caidos-en-ocotlan-1086365.html Destaca PF semblanza de gendarmes caídos en Ocotlán 20 March 2015 El Universal https://web.archive.org/web/20150803233028/http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion-mexico/2015/destaca-pf-semblanza-de-gendarmes-caidos-en-ocotlan-1086365.html 3 August 2015 live Spanish https://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/580478.destaca-pf-semblanza-de-gendarmes-caidos-en-ocotlan.html Destaca PF semblanza de gendarmes caídos en Ocotlán 20 March 2016 El Siglo de Durango https://web.archive.org/web/20150703031016/http://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/580478.destaca-pf-semblanza-de-gendarmes-caidos-en-ocotlan.html 3 July 2015 live Spanish https://www.mural.com/aplicacioneslibre/preacceso/articulo/default.aspx?id=496397&v=3&urlredirect=https://www.mural.com/aplicaciones/articulo/default.aspx?id=496397&v=3 Estudia FGE tomar Ocotlán Nájera Luis Carlos 24 March 2015 Mural https://web.archive.org/web/20181114152915/https://www.mural.com/aplicacioneslibre/preacceso/articulo/default.aspx?id=496397&v=3&urlredirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mural.com%2Faplicaciones%2Farticulo%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fid%3D496397&v=3 14 November 2018 live CICSA Spanish subscription 21 April 2019 dmy-all http://www.milenio.com/policia/violencia-ocotlan-llevo-fiscalia-intervenir-policia Violencia en Ocotlán llevó a la Fiscalía a intervenir policía Martínez Jorge 15 March 2017 Milenio https://web.archive.org/web/20181113223848/http://www.milenio.com/policia/violencia-ocotlan-llevo-fiscalia-intervenir-policia 13 November 2018 live Spanish https://pagina24jalisco.com.mx/2017/03/16/local/por-ataque-a-estudiantes-intervencion-de-la-fur-en-ocotlan/ Por ataque a estudiantes, intervención de la FUR en Ocotlán 16 March 2017 Página 24 Jalisco https://web.archive.org/web/20181113223848/https://pagina24jalisco.com.mx/2017/03/16/local/por-ataque-a-estudiantes-intervencion-de-la-fur-en-ocotlan/ 13 November 2018 live Spanish https://www.informador.mx/Jalisco/Fiscalia-desarma-ahora-a-Policia-de-Ocotlan-20170314-0077.html Fiscalía desarma ahora a Policía de Ocotlán Blanco Sergio 14 March 2017 El Informador https://web.archive.org/web/20181113223848/https://www.informador.mx/Jalisco/Fiscalia-desarma-ahora-a-Policia-de-Ocotlan-20170314-0077.html 13 November 2018 live Spanish https://www.informador.mx/Jalisco/Presidente-de-Ocotlan-se-queja-por-desarme-de-su-Policia-20170315-0059.html Presidente de Ocotlán se queja por desarme de su Policía Blanco Sergio 15 March 2017 El Informador https://web.archive.org/web/20181114153757/https://www.informador.mx/Jalisco/Presidente-de-Ocotlan-se-queja-por-desarme-de-su-Policia-20170315-0059.html 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://udgtv.com/noticias/ciudadanos-se-manifiestan-fuerza-unica-regional-ocotlan/ Ciudadanos se manifiestan contra Fuerza Única Regional en Ocotlán Navarro Martín 15 March 2017 RadioUDG https://web.archive.org/web/20181114153848/http://udgtv.com/noticias/ciudadanos-se-manifiestan-fuerza-unica-regional-ocotlan/ 14 November 2018 live Spanish University of Guadalajara http://www.milenio.com/policia/concluye-capacitacion-de-la-policia-de-ocotlan Concluye capacitación de la policía de Ocotlán Ornelas Víctor Hugo 29 April 2017 Milenio Spanish https://web.archive.org/web/20181113222612/http://www.milenio.com/policia/concluye-capacitacion-de-la-policia-de-ocotlan 13 November 2018 live http://www.milenio.com/policia/profepa-fiscalia_general_del_estado-incautacion-Ocotlan_0_488351355.html FGE confirma incautación de animales exóticos en Ocotlán Martínez Jorge 26 March 2015 Milenio https://web.archive.org/web/20160809060653/http://www.milenio.com/policia/profepa-fiscalia_general_del_estado-incautacion-Ocotlan_0_488351355.html 9 August 2016 live Spanish http://www.reforma.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=513365&md5=76a489552f462e31f24c978973603680&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe Busca PF a agresores de emboscada Martínez César 13 April 2015 Reforma https://web.archive.org/web/20180726171345/https://www.reforma.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=513365&md5=76a489552f462e31f24c978973603680&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe 26 July 2018 live Spanish http://semanal.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/2015/03/31/detienen-a-seis-presuntos-delincuentes-por-hechos-violentos-ocurridos-en-ocotlan-1215.html Detienen a seis presuntos delincuentes por hechos violentos ocurridos en Ocotlán Santos Javier 31 March 2015 La Jornada https://archive.today/20181114154400/http://semanal.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/2015/03/31/detienen-a-seis-presuntos-delincuentes-por-hechos-violentos-ocurridos-en-ocotlan-1215.html 14 November 2018 live Spanish https://www.proceso.com.mx/407144/caen-cuatro-policias-municipales-por-emboscada-a-gendarmeria-en-jalisco Caen cuatro policías municipales por emboscada a Gendarmería en Jalisco Dávila Patricia 9 June 2015 Proceso https://web.archive.org/web/20181114154516/https://www.proceso.com.mx/407144/caen-cuatro-policias-municipales-por-emboscada-a-gendarmeria-en-jalisco 14 November 2018 live Spanish https://www.reforma.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=814935&v=2&md5=5752d52ccdaf43dd54db5251ea8c302c&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe Cae otro ex policía por ataque a PF Baranda Antonio 10 April 2016 Reforma https://web.archive.org/web/20181114154629/https://www.reforma.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=814935&v=2&md5=5752d52ccdaf43dd54db5251ea8c302c&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://periodicolaverdad.mx/capturan-a-ex-policia-vinculado-a-emboscada-de-federales-en-ocotlan.html Capturan a ex policía vinculado a emboscada de federales en Ocotlán 10 April 2016 Periódico La Verdad https://archive.today/20181114154716/http://periodicolaverdad.mx/capturan-a-ex-policia-vinculado-a-emboscada-de-federales-en-ocotlan.html 14 November 2018 live Spanish https://lopezdoriga.com/nacional/detienen-a-expolicia-de-ocotlan-por-ataque-contra-elementos-federales-en-jalisco/ Detienen a expolicía de Ocotlán por ataque contra elementos federales en Jalisco 11 April 2015 López-Dóriga Digital https://web.archive.org/web/20160413072601/http://lopezdoriga.com/nacional/detienen-a-expolicia-de-ocotlan-por-ataque-contra-elementos-federales-en-jalisco/ 13 April 2016 live Spanish https://www.sdpnoticias.com/local/jalisco/2016/04/11/detienen-a-expolicia-por-emboscada-contra-gendarmeria-en-ocotlan Detienen a expolicía por emboscada contra Gendarmería en Ocotlán 11 April 2016 SDP Noticias https://web.archive.org/web/20160421041833/http://www.sdpnoticias.com/local/jalisco/2016/04/11/detienen-a-expolicia-por-emboscada-contra-gendarmeria-en-ocotlan 21 April 2016 live Spanish https://www.informador.mx/Jalisco/Cae-expolicia-por-muerte-de-cinco-gendarmes-en-Ocotlan-20160411-0127.html Cae expolicía por muerte de cinco gendarmes en Ocotlán 11 April 2016 El Informador https://web.archive.org/web/20181113222612/https://www.informador.mx/Jalisco/Cae-expolicia-por-muerte-de-cinco-gendarmes-en-Ocotlan-20160411-0127.html 13 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/caen-14-del-cjng-en-jalisco-y-quintana-roo Caen 14 del CJNG en Jalisco y Quintana Roo 1 August 2018 El Universal Spanish https://web.archive.org/web/20180902112709/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/caen-14-del-cjng-en-jalisco-y-quintana-roo 2 September 2018 live https://www.jornada.com.mx/2018/08/03/politica/010n2pol Hermanos Guerrero Covarrubias, claves para Nemesio Oseguera, El Mencho 3 August 2018 La Jornada Spanish https://web.archive.org/web/20180913232517/https://www.jornada.com.mx/2018/08/03/politica/010n2pol 13 September 2018 live http://www.proceso.com.mx/414248/detienen-a-lider-del-cjng-involucrado-en-caso-ocotlan Detienen a líder del CJNG involucrado en caso Ocotlán Dávila Patricia 1 September 2015 Proceso https://web.archive.org/web/20181114155013/https://www.proceso.com.mx/414248/detienen-a-lider-del-cjng-involucrado-en-caso-ocotlan 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.proceso.com.mx/420319/caen-dos-presuntos-sicarios-del-cjng-tras-enfrentamiento-en-ocotlan Caen dos presuntos sicarios del CJNG tras enfrentamiento en Ocotlán 9 November 2015 Proceso https://web.archive.org/web/20180726171344/https://www.proceso.com.mx/420319/caen-dos-presuntos-sicarios-del-cjng-tras-enfrentamiento-en-ocotlan 26 July 2018 live Spanish https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2016/06/15/1098949 Cae 'El Toro Valencia' en Colima Vicenteño David 15 July 2015 Excélsior Spanish https://web.archive.org/web/20170909022335/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2016/06/15/1098949 9 September 2017 live https://www.informador.mx/Mexico/La-PF-detiene-a-integrante-del-cartel-Nueva-Generacion-20160615-0114.html La PF detiene a integrante del cártel Nueva Generación 15 June 2016 El Informador https://web.archive.org/web/20181114155118/https://www.informador.mx/Mexico/La-PF-detiene-a-integrante-del-cartel-Nueva-Generacion-20160615-0114.html 14 November 2018 live Spanish https://www.mimorelia.com/cae-el-toro-valencia-cabecilla-del-cartel-jalisco-en-colima/ Cae 'El Toro Valencia', cabecilla del Cártel Jalisco en Colima 15 June 2016 Mi Morelia https://web.archive.org/web/20181113025828/https://www.mimorelia.com/cae-el-toro-valencia-cabecilla-del-cartel-jalisco-en-colima/ 13 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.el-independiente.com.mx/gendarmeria-captura-en-colima-a-fernando-castillo-rodriguez-alias-el-toro-valencia-jefe-regional-del-cjng/ Gendarmería captura en Colima a Fernando Castillo Rodríguez, alias "El Toro Valencia" jefe regional del CJNG 15 July 2016 El Independiente https://web.archive.org/web/20181114155239/http://www.el-independiente.com.mx/gendarmeria-captura-en-colima-a-fernando-castillo-rodriguez-alias-el-toro-valencia-jefe-regional-del-cjng/ 14 November 2018 live Spanish https://www.ecosdelacosta.mx/2016/06/16/capturan-al-toro-valencia-en-operativo-encubierto/ Capturan al Toro Valencia en operativo encubierto Quiles Cabrera Alfredo 16 June 2016 Ecos de la Costa Spanish https://web.archive.org/web/20181113222612/https://www.ecosdelacosta.mx/2016/06/16/capturan-al-toro-valencia-en-operativo-encubierto/ 13 November 2018 dead 12 November 2018 https://www.informador.mx/jalisco/Policia-Federal-implementa-operativo-en-Ocotlan-20180731-0153.html Policía Federal implementa operativo en Ocotlán 31 July 2018 El Informador Spanish https://web.archive.org/web/20180817124342/https://www.informador.mx/jalisco/Policia-Federal-implementa-operativo-en-Ocotlan-20180731-0153.html 17 August 2018 live https://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/981961.caen-14-presuntos-miembros-de-carteles-en-jalisco-y-quintana-roo.html Caen 14 presuntos miembros de cárteles en Jalisco y Quintana Roo 1 August 2018 El Siglo de Torreón Spanish https://web.archive.org/web/20180802014133/https://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/981961.caen-14-presuntos-miembros-de-carteles-en-jalisco-y-quintana-roo.html 2 August 2018 live http://wradio.com.mx/emisora/2018/08/02/guadalajara/1533164849_046687.html Detienen en Ocotlán a presuntos custodios de El Mencho 2 August 2018 W Radio https://web.archive.org/web/20181114155353/http://wradio.com.mx/emisora/2018/08/02/guadalajara/1533164849_046687.html 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://sipse.com/mexico/jalisco-nueva-generacion-responsable-balacera-ocotlan-143119.html Jalisco Nueva Generación, responsable de la balacera en Ocotlán 21 March 2015 Sipse https://web.archive.org/web/20151226165521/http://sipse.com/mexico/jalisco-nueva-generacion-responsable-balacera-ocotlan-143119.html 26 December 2015 live Spanish http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2015/03/22/politica/009n1pol El gobierno intensificará los operativos contra el cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación Castillo García Gustavo 22 March 2015 La Jornada https://archive.today/20181114155440/http://www.jornada.com.mx/2015/03/22/politica/009n1pol 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://riodoce.mx/narcotrafico-2/arremete-contra-policias-poderoso-cartel-mexicano-como-nunca-antes Arremete contra policías poderoso cártel mexicano como nunca antes 16 April 2015 Ríodoce https://web.archive.org/web/20170910083712/http://riodoce.mx/narcotrafico-2/arremete-contra-policias-poderoso-cartel-mexicano-como-nunca-antes 10 September 2017 live Spanish http://www.cronicajalisco.com/notas/2015/43819.html Vinculados con caso Ocotlán son abatidos Hernández René 23 May 2015 La Crónica de Hoy https://archive.today/20181114155636/http://www.cronicajalisco.com/notas/2015/43819.html 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/entrada-de-opinion/columna/hector-de-mauleon/nacion/2016/05/23/tanhuato-otro-asunto-de-fe?fb_comment_id=949551018491898_949698811810452#f1b58eb73b96908 Tanhuato: ¿otro asunto de fe? de Mauleón Héctor 23 March 2015 El Universal https://web.archive.org/web/20181114155726/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/entrada-de-opinion/columna/hector-de-mauleon/nacion/2016/05/23/tanhuato-otro-asunto-de-fe?fb_comment_id=949551018491898_949698811810452 14 November 2018 live Spanish http://enfoquenayarit.com/con-victimas-de-balacera-ocotlan-supero-record-de-homicidios-del-ano-2014/ Con víctimas de balacera, Ocotlán superó récord de homicidios del año 2014 23 March 2015 Periódico Enfoque Nayarit https://web.archive.org/web/20181120212400/http://enfoquenayarit.com/con-victimas-de-balacera-ocotlan-supero-record-de-homicidios-del-ano-2014/ 20 November 2018 live Spanish http://www.zocalo.com.mx/new_site/articulo/caen-6-del-cjng-por-ataques-a-policia-federal Caen 6 del CJNG por ataques a Policía Federal 1 August 2018 Zócalo Saltillo https://web.archive.org/web/20180802025200/http://www.zocalo.com.mx/new_site/articulo/caen-6-del-cjng-por-ataques-a-policia-federal 2 August 2018 live Spanish External links Jalisco New Generation Cartel Photos of the aftermath via Milenio Jalisco Category:Ambushes in North America Category:2015 crimes in Mexico Category:Attacks in Mexico in 2015 Category:Battles in 2015 Category:Battles of the Mexican drug war Category:Jalisco New Generation Cartel Category:Organized crime events in Mexico