1861 Sumatra earthquake

Natural disaster in Indonesia 1861 Sumatra earthquake yes 16 February 1861 Indonesia Sumatra 8.5 Mw VIII (Heavily damaging) 1.0 97.5 inline,title Sumatra, Dutch East Indies Sunda megathrust Yes Several thousandhttp://tsun.sscc.ru/tsulab/20041226tsun.htm Destructive historical tsunamis at the western coast of Sumatra Tsunami Laboratory 2009-11-06 https://web.archive.org/web/20091003213509/http://tsun.sscc.ru/tsulab/20041226tsun.htm 3 October 2009 dead thumb|Tectonic setting of the Sunda megathrust|250px thumb|250px|Rupture areas for the 1861, 1833 and 2004 earthquakes and area of main shock and aftershocks for the 2005 event, showing similarity to 1861 quake The 1861 Sumatra earthquake occurred on 16 February and was the last in a sequences of earthquakes that ruptured adjacent parts of the Sumatran segment of the Sunda megathrust. It caused a devastating tsunami which led to several thousand fatalities. The earthquake was felt as far away as the Malay peninsula and the eastern part of Java.Newcomb K.R. McCann W.R. 1987 Seismic history and seismotectonics of the Sunda Arc Journal of Geophysical Research 92 B1 421–439 ftp://ftp.gps.caltech.edu/pub/avouac/Ge277-2007-fall/Newcomb_JGR1987.pdf 2009-11-06 10.1029/JB092iB01p00421 https://web.archive.org/web/20160310140732/ftp://ftp.gps.caltech.edu/pub/avouac/Ge277-2007-fall/Newcomb_JGR1987.pdf 2016-03-10 dead 1987JGR....92..421N The rupture area for the 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake is similar to that estimated for the 1861 event. Background The island of Sumatra lies on the convergent plate boundary between the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate. The convergence between these plates is highly oblique near Sumatra, with the displacement being accommodated by near pure dip-slip faulting along the subduction zone, known as the Sunda megathrust, and near pure strike-slip faulting along the Great Sumatran fault. The major slip events on the subduction zone interface are typically of megathrust type. Historically, great or giant megathrust earthquakes have been recorded in 1797, 1833, 1861, 2004, 2005 and 2007, most of them being associated with devastating tsunamis. Smaller (but still large) megathrust events have also occurred in the small gaps between the areas that slip during the larger events, in 1935, 1984, 2000 and 2002.Natawidjaja D. H. Danny Hilman Natawidjaja Sieh K. Chlieh M. Galetzka J. Suwargadi B.W. Cheng H. Edwards R.L. Avouac J.-P. Ward S. N. amp 2006 Journal of Geophysical Research Source parameters of the great Sumatran megathrust earthquakes of 1797 and 1833 inferred from coral microatolls 111 B06403 n/a http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/papers/P06e.pdf 10.1029/2005JB004025 2009-10-24 2006JGRB..111.6403N 10220/8480 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20091012210241/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/papers/P06e.pdf 2009-10-12 Damage Villages along the seaward side of the Batu Islands were devastated. The combined effects of the earthquake and tsunami caused several thousand fatalities. Characteristics Earthquake There is evidence of coseismic uplift of Nias, with exposure of reefs and rock piers. There were six major aftershocks over the next seven months, the last of which, on 27 September caused a damaging tsunami. Based on studies of coral growth patterns, researchers have demonstrated that the 1861 event was the culmination of a 32 year long "slow-slip" seismic event, rendering it the longest known example of such a sequence ever recorded.Wei-Haas Maya 2021-05-28 An earthquake lasted 32 years, and scientists want to know how https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/science-and-technology/2021/06/an-earthquake-lasted-32-years-and-scientists-want-to-know-how usurped https://web.archive.org/web/20210528181446/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/an-earthquake-lasted-32-years-and-scientists-want-to-know-how 2021-05-28 2021-06-04 National GeographicPappas Stephanie 2021-05-26 The Longest Known Earthquake Lasted 32 Years https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-longest-known-earthquake-lasted-32-years/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20240621201226/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-longest-known-earthquake-lasted-32-years/ 2024-06-21 2024-12-26 Scientific American en Tsunami At least 500 km (310.7 mi) of coastline were affected by the tsunami with run-ups of up to 7m (23 ft) recorded on the southwest side of Nias. See also 1843 Nias earthquake List of earthquakes in Indonesia List of historical earthquakes List of tsunamis Slow earthquake References Martin S. S. Cummins P. R. Meltzner A. J. Gempa Nusantara: A Database of 7380 Macroseismic Observations for 1200 Historical Earthquakes in Indonesia from 1546 to 1950 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 112 6 2022 0037-1106 10.1785/0120220047 2958–2980 2022BuSSA.112.2958M 253365854 10356/166257 free Category:Megathrust earthquakes in Sumatra Category:19th-century tsunamis Sumatra Earthquake, 1861 Category:1861 in Southeast Asia Category:19th century in Indonesia Sum Category:Tsunamis in Indonesia Category:February 1861 Category:1861 disasters in Oceania Category:19th-century disasters in Indonesia Category:1860s disasters in Asia