1991 Malian coup d'état

Coup d'état 1991 Malian coup d'état 200px Location Mali AU Africa.svg March 26, 1991 Bamako, Mali Coup d'état successful Moussa Traoré ousted Amadou Toumani Touré took control of the country Mali Government of Mali Army faction Moussa Traoré Amadou Toumani Touré The 26 March 1991 Malian coup d'état resulted in the overthrow of President Moussa Traoré after over two decades of dictatorshipMali's Dictator Is Overthrown in Coup Associated Press The New York Times 27 March 1991 https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/27/world/mali-s-dictator-is-overthrown-in-coup.html and eventually led to multi-party elections. Background In 1968, Traoré had himself led a military coup d'état, ousting the first president of Mali, Modibo Keïta, and making himself the second. On 25 October 1990, opposition to his decades-long rule coalesced into the Alliance for Democracy in Mali (ADEMA), an umbrella organization for opposition groups. Unrest grew as the people blamed the regime's corruption and mismanagement for the economic troubles they faced.Harmon Stephen A. Terror and Insurgency in the Sahara-Sahel Region: Corruption, Contraband, Jihad and the Mali War of 2012-2013 https://books.google.com/books?id=htm1CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72 9 March 2016 Routledge 9781317046066 72 Further, Traoré had to institute austerity programs to satisfy the International Monetary Fund, causing increased hardship for all but the rich.Mali’s March Revolution (1991) https://www.nonviolent-conflict.org/malis-march-revolution-1991/ International Center on Nonviolent Conflict 31 October 2022 ADEMA and other pro-democracy groups demanded the end of the one-party state. On 22 March, tens of thousands of students and others marched through the streets of Bamako, the nation's capital. Government soldiers fired on the peaceful demonstrators, killing 28 and setting off days of rioting. Sources vary as to the toll: the opposition claimed 148 killed and hundreds wounded, while Traoré said there were 27 deaths. Traoré declared a state of emergency and met with opposition leaders. He offered concessions, but refused to step down as they demanded. A general strike was called for 25 March.Leader of Mali Coup Promises Democracy Los Angeles Times 27 March 1991 https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-03-27-mn-944-story.html This time, the soldiers had had enough and did nothing to stop it. Coup Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Touré launched a coup that deposed Traoré. As news spread, hospital sources reported at least another 59 dead and 200 wounded, including revenge killings. Education Minister Bakary Traore and Mamadou Diarra, the former leader's brother-in-law, were burned to death. The National Reconciliation Council (soon renamed the Transitional Committee for the Salvation of the People), chaired by Touré, was set up to run the country temporarily, until civilian government was reestablished in 1992 after constitutional referendum, presidential and parliamentary elections. Aftermath Former President Moussa Traoré was imprisoned in 1992 and sentenced to death.https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/454481.stm Former Malian president escapes death again 22 September 1999 BBC However, President Alpha Oumar Konaré first commuted his sentence to life imprisonment, then pardoned him and his wife in May 2002 as Konaré's term in office came to an end.http://www.panapress.com/Release-of-Moussa-Traore-makes-front-page-news-in-Mali--13-460230-18-lang1-index.html Release of Moussa Traore makes front-page news in Mali 30 May 2002 PanaPress Russian political scientist Andrey Korotayev later cited the 1991 coup as an example of a "coupvolution", as it was carried out in support of pro-democracy protests.Korotayev Andrey Khokhlova Alina 2022 Revolutionary Events in Mali, 2020–2021 Issaev Leonid Korotayev Andrey New Wave of Revolutions in the MENA Region: A Comparative Perspective Springer 978-3-031-15134-7 203 See also Mali 1968 Malian coup d'état 2012 Malian coup d'état 2020 Malian coup d'état References Category:1991 in Mali Category:1991 conflicts Category:Coups d'état in Mali Category:1990s coups d'état Category:March 1991 in Africa