1950–51 Taiwanese local elections

Taiwanese local elections held in 1950–51 1950 10 22 y – 1951 7 29 y 1950–51 Taiwanese local elections Taiwan legislative All 21 mayors/magistrates of cities, counties 1954 Taiwanese local elections 1954 79.6% File:蔣中正總統玉照.png Chiang Kai-shek Kuomintang File:Hsu Fu-lin.jpg Hsu Fu-lin China Democratic Socialist Party Mayors/Magistrates 17 1 File:1950ROCCounty.svg #2fa8e1 KuomintangChina Democratic Socialist Party China Democratic Socialist Partyblack Independentsb9b9b9 Not up for election (Yangmingshan) Local elections were held in Taiwan in 1950 and 1951, months after Chiang Kai-shek resumed duties as President of the Republic of China following the civil war defeat, marking the start of local autonomy in the post-war era. The elections were also considered to be legitimising the Kuomintang's rule on the island, while attempting to strive for more support from the United States. They also provided the foundation for opposition Tangwai movement as non-KMT members tried to revolt against authoritarian rule through elections, and bred local powers and fractions that would impact the future elections.蔡 秀玲 2007 台灣首屆縣市長選舉之研究（1950〜1951） http://nthur.lib.nthu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/28569 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20141104120047/http://nthur.lib.nthu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/28569 2014-11-04 National Tsinghua University zh-tw Some of the defeated contenders in these elections would eventually be elected or become leaders of the Tangwai movement.2011 余登發與戰後臺灣民主運動 https://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22099NTNU5832008%22.&searchmode=basic 2023-04-09 National Taiwan Normal University Background link=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82%E9%99%B3%E5%84%80%E6%89%BF%E8%AB%BE%E7%B8%A3%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8_Taiwanese_People_asked_for_People-elected_Mayors_after_the_228_Incident_in_1947.png|thumb|Newspaper on 6 March 1947 announcing "mayoral, magisterial elections set for 1 July" Taiwan's electoral history could trace back to Japanese rule in 1935, but the suffrage by then was limited.彭 瑞金 2004-10-25 戰後台灣地方自治實施初階段，原生民主勢力的勃興 http://www.tpa.gov.tw/upfile/www/Pdf/%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%B7%B1%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB/d04.pdf dead zh-tw Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council https://web.archive.org/web/20141104200053/http://www.tpa.gov.tw/upfile/www/Pdf/%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%B7%B1%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB/d04.pdf 2014-11-04 In 1947, anti-government uprisings erupted, with protestors calling for political reform. Despite promising the implementation of reforms including local elections, Chen Yi, Chief Executive of Taiwan Province, secretly asked for reinforcement from mainland China to suppress the uprisings. After the defeat in the Chinese Civil War, Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang government retreated to Taiwan in 1949. On 1 March 1950, Chiang declared the resumption of duties as the President of the Republic of China. The Government then announced in April plans for local elections, electing all 21 mayors of cities and magistrates of counties with a three-year term of office. City and County Council elections were organised also. Chairmanship of the Taiwan Provincial Government and the councillorship of the Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council were both not open for direct election due to ongoing martial law, instead appointed or indirectly elected.楊 肇嘉 楊肇嘉回憶錄 三民書局 1970 Taipei 348 zh-tw Electoral system According to "Election and Removal of Mayors and Magistrates of Taiwan Province Regulation" (臺灣省縣市長選舉罷免規程) promulgated in 1950, the election adopted the two-round, simple majority voting system. A candidate shall be duly elected when the turnout is over 50% and received 50% of total votes cast (including invalid votes). If no candidates were elected, a runoff will be held within the next 20 days between the two leading candidates, with the one winning the most votes declared winner. If the two candidates received the same number of votes, lots will be drawn to determine the winner. Election timetable The local elections were divided into eight stages:台灣省首屆民選縣市長暨縣市議員特輯 台灣新文化服務社 1952 +StageElection periodCities/CountiesFirst12 August 1950 – 22 October 1950Hualien CountyTaitung CountySecond20 October 1950 – 7 January 1951Taichung CityTainan CityKeelung CityPenghu County20 October 1950 – 14 January 1951Taipei CityThird22 January 1951 – 25 March 1951Kaohsiung City22 January 1951 – 1 April 1951Pingtung CountyKaohsiung CountyFourth28 January 1951 – 1 April 1951Hsinchu County28 January 1951 – 8 April 1951Taipei CountyTaoyuan CountyFifth3 February 1951 – 8 April 1951Changhua County3 February 1951 – 22 April 1951Yilan CountySixth10 February 1951 – 15 April 1951Tainan CountyYunlin County10 February 1951 – 22 April 1951Chiayi CountySeventh5 March 1951 – 13 May 1951Taichung CountyNantou CountyEighth5 May 1950 – 29 July 1951Miaoli County Summary With a high turnout of 79.6%,楊 肇嘉 臺灣省實施地方自治紀要 臺灣省民政廳 1951 Taipei zh-tw KMT-backed candidates were elected in 17 out of 21 cities/counties, CDSP took one and the remaining were captured by independents. The list below shows the statistics of party membership of candidates standing in the election. Coloured box refers to the party membership of elected mayor or magistrate. +KMTCDSPYoungIndHualien County51Taitung County52Taichung City32Tainan City51Keelung City32Penghu County31Taipei City914Pingtung County31Kaohsiung County22Kaohsiung City31Taipei County42Taoyuan County52Hsinchu County34Changhua County41Yilan County31Tainan County3Yunlin County2Chiayi County81Taichung County32Nantou County411Miaoli County2 Detailed results First stage +Magistrate of HualienPartyCandidateFirst roundSecond roundVotes%Votes% China Democratic Socialist Party楊仲鯨22,68730.8335,44453.02 Kuomintang林茂盛22,66330.8031,40846.98 Independent politician周坤祺7,94510.80 Independent politician李群山7,0689.61 Independent politician謝琳淼6,7459.17 Independent politician陳阿民6,4758.80 +Magistrate of TaitungPartyCandidateFirst roundSecond roundVotes%Votes% Kuomintang陳振宗10,79623.54?? Kuomintang黃式鴻11,78425.70?? Independent politician周伸興7,51216.38 Independent politician鐘生鑑7,10215.49 Independent politician黃忠6,29213.72 Independent politician林作梅1,6013.49 Independent politician張慶萱7701.68 Second stage In Taichung mayoral election, lawyer Yang Chi-hsien (楊基先), with opposition background, defeated Kuomintang candidate Lin Chin-piao (林金標). Kuomintang members were reportedly forced to canvass for Lin and collect name and address of at least fifty voters, which angered some of the residents.林金標回憶錄 林 叔欽 36 zh-tw According to KMT senior Chen Kuo-fu, Yang's well connection with the grassroot community contributed to his victory. 1950-12-29 陳果夫呈蔣中正臺中市競選市長情形及其觀感 https://memory.culture.tw/Home/Detail?Id=002-080200-00343-070&IndexCode=drnh&Keyword=%E6%9E%97%E9%87%91%E6%A8%99&p=8 2023-04-09 Taiwan Culture Memory Bank zh-TW The discontent with the ruling KMT following February 28 incident, along with his narrow-mindedness, also damaged Lin's popularity.林 良哲 何春木回憶錄 前衛出版社 2004 957-801-450-3 Taipei zh-tw 1950-12-25 陳果夫函蔣中正鑑於本黨在臺中參選失敗之個人所聞及年來對黨務感想 https://memory.culture.tw/Home/Detail?Id=002-080200-00621-032&IndexCode=drnh&Keyword=%E6%9E%97%E9%87%91%E6%A8%99&p=7 2023-04-09 Taiwan Cultural Memory Bank zh-TW Despite winning a plurality in the first round, Yang was forced to a second round as more than 8,000 invalid votes were cast.巫永福回憶錄--我的風霜歲月 http://www.taiwanus.net/people/moo/1_14.htm 2023-04-09 Taiwanus.net +Mayor of TaichungPartyCandidateFirst roundSecond roundVotes%Votes% Independent politicianYang Chi-hsien34,44151.2738,40655.64 KuomintangLin Chin-piao24,82836.9630,61444.36 Independent politician廖朝舟7,90111.76 link=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1947-3-9%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E9%81%B8%E5%87%BA%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%80%99%E9%81%B8%E4%BA%BA_Newspaper_concerning_aftermath_(Residents_of_Tainan_elected_3_Mayoral_Candidates)_of_the_228_Incident_of_TAIWAN.jpeg|right|thumb|371x371px|Tainan City Council chose three candidates for acting mayor on 9 March, upon appointment by the government, for pre-election transition +Mayor of TainanPartyCandidateFirst roundSecond roundVotes%Votes% Independent politician葉廷珪16,64826.5146,15667.29 Kuomintang黃百祿16,92626.9522,43532.71 Kuomintang吳國信13,32121.21 Kuomintang邱鴻恩9,81615.63 Kuomintang劉子祥6,0889.69 +Mayor of KeelungPartyCandidateVotes% Kuomintang謝貫一34,90557.48 Independent politician陳炳煌17,65629.07 Independent politician林番王8,16713.45 +Magistrate of PenghuPartyCandidateVotes% Kuomintang李玉林21,39577.90 Independent politician歐老萊6,07022.10 right|thumb|Wu San-lien (second left) celebrated with voters after elected The Taipei mayoral election of the capital was one of the most competitive in the local elections, with six independent candidates and one KMT-supported. In the memoir of Henry Kao, later Mayor of Taipei, then-chairman of Taiwan Provincial Government K. C. Wu convinced incumbent mayor Wu San-lien (吳三連) to run for re-election and fully supported him after considering multiple non-KMT candidates were elected, making him the first government official that supported opposition candidate.黃 富三 台北市歷屆市長議長口述歷史 台北市政府文獻委員會 2001 zh-tw In protest against the decision, Lin Tzu-kuei (林紫貴), KMT delegate of the National Assembly, ran in the election,李 世傑 特務打選戰 敦理出版社 1989 zh-tw while China Democratic Socialist Party, to which Wu San-lien was affiliated despite running as an independent, endorsed Henry Kao instead of Wu.2019-12-30 【被遺忘的歷史】選舉奧步（二）：特務、司法介入選舉 https://www.thinkingtaiwan.com/content/8031 live https://web.archive.org/web/20210924171551/https://www.thinkingtaiwan.com/content/8031 2021-09-24 2021-09-25 想想論壇 KMT later urged Lin to withdraw from the competition. Lin in return demanded to be promoted as deputy minister or to compensate his election expenses, but were both rejected. Just a week before election, Lin was detained and jailed by secret police, allegedly harbouring communists. Kao, who was nominated by others, decided not to campaign as he believed Wu was much respected and popular. As a result, Wu won in a landslide, garnering nearly 66% of votes. Soon after the poll concluded, Lin was released from jail. Wu San-lien Henry Kao Independent Independent 莊琮耀 郭伯儀 Lin Tzu-kuei Kuomintang 鄭來春 蘇金塗 Independent Independent Independent Independent 92061 28075 12348 3901 2223 984 726 3026 257849 臺北市志·卷三·政制志選舉篇 黃 振超 1987 249 Mayor of Taipei Third stage +Magistrate of PingtungPartyCandidateFirst roundSecond roundVotes%Votes% Kuomintang張山鐘66,06149.5193,39360.23 Independent politician孔德興25,88219.4061,65639.77 Independent politician林嘯鯤22,36616.76 Independent politician陳朝景11,5998.69 Independent politician洪石柱6,4224.81 Independent politician杜德三1,1100.83 +Magistrate of KaohsiungPartyCandidateFirst roundSecond roundVotes%Votes% Kuomintang洪榮華54,39935.5990,80350.84 Independent politician陳新安68,79645.0187,79149.16 Independent politician余登發28,13918.41 Kuomintang吳崇雄1,5030.98 +Mayor of KaohsiungPartyCandidateVotes% Kuomintang謝掙強49,22351.84 Independent politician李源棧41,98444.22 Kuomintang林斌3,7383.94 Fourth stage +Magistrate of TaipeiPartyCandidateFirst roundSecond roundVotes%Votes% Kuomintang梅達夫85,10946.17173,38979.20 Kuomintang廖富本93,69750.8345,54120.80 Independent politician林兩端3,5331.92 Independent politician林燕清1,9941.08 +Magistrate of TaoyuanPartyCandidateFirst roundSecond roundVotes%Votes% Kuomintang徐崇德40,87835.26?? Kuomintang徐言46,19939.84?? Independent politician陳阿頭15,15113.07 Independent politician黃宗寬6,4505.56 Independent politician魏肇潤3,6633.16 Independent politician黃又安3,6083.11 +Magistrate of HsinchuPartyCandidateVotes% Kuomintang朱盛淇76,85472.01 Kuomintang古侃22,44721.03 Independent politician王繼呂6,7316.31 Independent politician解慶文6980.65 Fifth stage During election, Chen Hsi-ching (陳錫卿), then mayor of Changhua, told the less-educated farmers that posting his election leaflet could "prevent swine fever". Chen eventually achieved a simple majority in the election without a second round. +Magistrate of ChanghuaPartyCandidateVotes% KuomintangChen Hsi-ching153,87562.93 Kuomintang陳萬福50,63120.70 Kuomintang于國楨35,70914.60 Independent politician黃漢樹4,3211.77 In Yilan County, a second round of election was arranged due to a total of 4,239 invalid votes in the first round, which blocked the election of independent Chen Wang-chuan (陳旺全). Following a widespread campaign by the KMT, the party-backed candidate Lu Tsuan-hsiang (盧纘祥) was elected in the second round despite losing the first. +Magistrate of YilanPartyCandidateFirst roundSecond roundVotes%Votes% KuomintangLu Tsuan-hsiang45,11948.29?? Independent politicianChen Wang-chuan48,32451.71?? Sixth stage +Magistrate of TainanPartyCandidateVotes% Kuomintang高文瑞106,63151.09 Kuomintang蔡愛仁52,74225.27 Kuomintang高錦德49,32323.63 +Magistrate of YunlinPartyCandidateVotes% Kuomintang吳景徽103,75354.85 Kuomintang廖昆金85,40845.15 Hsu Shih-shien (許世賢) is the first female candidate of magisterial elections in the country, but would only be elected seventeen years later in 1968.2003 戰後臺灣女性參政之先驅：許世賢 (1908-1983) 的政治生涯 https://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22091NTNU0493026%22.&searchmode=basic 2023-04-09 National Taiwan Normal University zh-tw +Magistrate of ChiayiPartyCandidateFirst roundSecond roundVotes%Votes% Kuomintang林金生71,56941.10101,48252.04 Independent politician李茂松80,49146.2293,54147.96 Kuomintang許世賢22,07812.68 Seventh stage Originally registered as independent, Lin He-nien (林鶴年) joined the Kuomintang before second round of voting. +Magistrate of ChiayiPartyCandidateFirst roundSecond roundVotes%Votes% KuomintangLin He-nien58,33032.3088,05552.11 Kuomintang陳水潭72,73540.2880,92147.89 Independent politician蔡卯生40,71622.55 Independent politician陳振順7,5324.17 Independent politician呂大樁1,2770.71 +Magistrate of NantouPartyCandidateFirst roundSecond roundVotes%Votes% Kuomintang李國楨59,04750.6175,06364.01 China Democratic Socialist Party廖啟川24,13520.6942,20735.99 Young China Party陳如商20,22317.33 Kuomintang洪金園13,25711.36 Eighth stage A second round was held due to a total of 3,364 invalid votes, blocking Liu Ting-kuo (劉定國) the leading candidate in the first round to receive 50% of the total votes. +Magistrate of MiaoliPartyCandidateFirst roundSecond roundVotes%Votes% KuomintangLiu Ting-kuo55,00249.7163,62751.13 KuomintangHuang Yun-chin55,64750.2960,81448.87 The election result was annulled by court as Liu was serving in the military and thus unqualified as a candidate, therefore triggering a by-election in July 1951. References 中華民國選舉概況 中央選舉委員會 1984 zh-tw Category:1950 elections in Asia Category:1951 elections in Asia Category:1950 in Taiwan Category:1951 in Taiwan