1981 Handsworth riots

1981 riot in Birmingham, England January 2014 August 2020 1981 Handsworth riots the 1981 England riots 10–12 July 1981 Handsworth, Birmingham, England Rioting 40 police officers injured121 arrests made Reported injuries The 1981 Handsworth riots were three days of rioting that took place in the Handsworth area of Birmingham, England in July 1981.Waddington David P. Contemporary issues in public disorder: a comparative and historical approach https://books.google.com/books?id=61XZdjCj9PMC&pg=PA90 1992 Routledge London 0-415-07913-6 90–91 The major outbreak of violence took place on the night of Friday 10/11 July, with smaller disturbances on the following two nights.Southgate Peter Field, Simon Southgate, Peter Public disorder: a review of research and a study in one inner city area https://books.google.com/books?id=Ls_wAAAAIAAJ Home Office Research Studies 1982 H.M.S.O. London 0-11-340767-X 42 "Abstract: Disturbances of July 1981 in Handsworth, Birmingham - A Survey of the Views and Experiences of Male Residents The riots were characterised by the Scarman report into the 1981 riots in England as "copycat riots" – taking place after the Brixton riots in London, and around the same time as the Toxteth riots in Liverpool and the Moss Side riots in Manchester – though some have argued that this is an oversimplification. The immediate flashpoint was an attack on a locally well-known Police Superintendent who was trying to calm rumours of an impending march by the right-wing National Front. The following disturbances resulted in 121 arrests and 40 injuries to police officers, alongside widespread damage to property.http://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/Abstract.aspx?id=84135 Abstract: Disturbances of July 1981 in Handsworth, Birmingham - A Survey of the Views and Experiences of Male Residents (From Public Disorder, pp. 41–73, 1982, by Simon Field and Peter Southgate) National Criminal Justice Reference Service U.S. Department of Justice Before the riots Handsworth had been considered to be a good example of successful community policing, though local Black British youths later disputed the claim that relations between them and the police had been amicable: around 40% of them had been stopped and searched over the previous 12 months. Handsworth had a mixed population of white, black and Asian residents, but surveys after the riots showed little evidence of significant racial tension. A week before the riots, during the weekend that saw CS gas used against rioters for the first time on the British Mainland in Toxteth, Liverpool, a reporter from The Times had visited a festival in Handsworth Park and found "8,000 people, black and white" in "a spirit as amiable and peaceful as a rural village fete".Arthur Osman Timmins, Nicholas Tendler, Stewart. 3am: Residents begin Toxteth evacuation Police use CS gas after admitting riot is out of control The Times Times Newspapers 1 6 July 1981 The most common reasons for the riots reported by participants were unemployment, boredom and the imitation of events elsewhere. See also 1981 England riots 1985 Handsworth riots 1991 Handsworth riots 2005 Birmingham race riots 2011 UK riots References Handsworth riots Handsworth riots Category:Black British history Category:Crime in Birmingham, West Midlands Category:Riots and civil disorder in the West Midlands Handsworth riots Handsworth riots