1812–1819 Ottoman plague epidemic

Disease outbreak Plague Yersinia pestis Ottoman Empire July 1812 Kostantiniyye Approx. 320,000 The 1812–1819 Ottoman plague epidemic was one of the last major epidemics of plague in the Ottoman Empire. This particular epidemic would cost the lives of at least 300,000 individuals.Chase-Levenson Alex The Yellow Flag: Quarantine and the British Mediterranean World, 1780–1860 2020 Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48554-8 31 https://books.google.com/books?id=zHzUDwAAQBAJ&q=1812++ottoman+plague&pg=PA31 15 March 2020 en Plague epidemics occurred frequently in the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 19th centuries. __TOC__ History The disease broke out in the capital Constantinople in July 1812. It was initially mild, but by late August the situation had become critical. By September, around 2000 people were dying each day. In December the epidemic subsided, but it later reappeared. By the end of the epidemic, the Ottoman government estimated that there were 320,955 deaths, which included 220,000 Turks, 40,800 Armenians, 32,000 Jews, 28,000 Greeks, 50 Aleppines, 80 islanders and 25 Franks.Walsh R. The Southern Review 1828 A. E. Miller 250–251 https://books.google.com/books?id=xbERAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA250 Narrative of a Journey from Constantinople to England 3 The outbreak spread throughout most of the empire's territory, including Alexandria in Egypt.Cassar Paul The Correspondence of a Senglea Merchant during the Plague of 1813 Hyphen 1980 2 4 147–157 https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/20440/1/Correspondence%20of%20a%20Senglea%20Merchant%20during%20the%20Plague%20of%201813.pdf Upper Secondary School Valletta https://web.archive.org/web/20200314204818/https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/20440/1/Correspondence%20of%20a%20Senglea%20Merchant%20during%20the%20Plague%20of%201813.pdf 14 March 2020 In 1813, the plague reached the Ottoman vassal state of Wallachia where it became known as Caragea's plague after the country's ruler at the time. The epidemic killed about 25,000 to 30,000 people in Bucharest alone.Boia Lucian Romania: Borderland of Europe 2001 Reaktion Books 9781861891037 298 https://books.google.com/books?id=zHTN-TQkd3cC&pg=PA298 (translated by James Christian Brown) Around the same time, the plague was also present in Bosnia, reaching Dalmatia in 1815. In 1814–15 it reappeared in Egypt, Bosnia and Albania.Plague 21 Shadwell Arthur Hennessy Harriet L. Payne Joseph Frank x The plague also spread beyond the borders of the empire. In May 1812 there was an outbreak in Poti, Georgia; in September the Crimea was hit. It had reached Odessa in August, where churches, the theatre and the exchange were closed.Travels in Russia, and a residence at St. Petersburg and Odessa, by Edward Morton, p. 315 The duke of Richelieu played an important role. On November 22, 1812, all 32,000 residents of Odessa were forcibly imprisoned in their homes.Odessa, 1812: Plague and Tyranny at the Edge of the EmpireTravels in Russia, and a residence at St. Petersburg and Odessa, by Edward Morton, p. 318 On 7 January 1813 no more cases were reported from Odessa and the town was reopened after 66 days, but no one was allowed to leave the city.Travels in Russia, and a residence at St. Petersburg and Odessa, by Edward Morton, p. 322-326 The epidemic killed 2656 people in 1812; 24 people died in 1813.Lynch Lily Odessa, 1812: Plague and Tyranny at the Edge of the Empire https://balkanist.net/plague-and-political-tyranny-odessa/ Balkanist https://web.archive.org/web/20200213021356/https://balkanist.net/plague-and-political-tyranny-odessa/ 13 February 2020 5 December 2015 In March 1813, it was introduced to the British-held island of Malta, causing an epidemic which lasted until January 1814 and which killed around 4500 people. The epidemic spread from Malta to the nearby island of Gozo, where the outbreak killed around 100 people between March and September 1814.Bennett J. D. C. Bezzina J. Dr George McAdam Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps January 1992 138 1 49 10.1136/jramc-138-01-15 1578438 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1771959241 https://web.archive.org/web/20200314143147/https://search.proquest.com/openview/b7f1562a9de1e7417acb36b82dacec25/1.pdf 14 March 2020 1771959241 The epidemic also broke out on the island of Corfu in 1815. A small plague outbreak which occurred in Noja, Italy in 1815 might have also originated from the epidemic in Dalmatia, but its exact source is not known and it is possible that the outbreak was endemic. The next major plague epidemic in the Ottoman Empire occurred between 1835 and 1838.Panzac Daniel Ágoston Gábor Masters Bruce Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire Plague https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&pg=PA463 2010 Infobase Publishing 9781438110257 463 See also List of epidemics References 2 Category:Second plague pandemic 1812-1819 plague Category:1810s in health Category:19th-century disease outbreaks Category:1812 in the Ottoman Empire Category:1813 in the Ottoman Empire Category:1814 in the Ottoman Empire Category:1815 in the Ottoman Empire Category:1816 in the Ottoman Empire Category:1817 in the Ottoman Empire Category:1818 in the Ottoman Empire Category:1819 in the Ottoman Empire Category:1812 disasters Category:1813 disasters Category:1814 disasters Category:1815 disasters Category:1816 disasters Category:1817 disasters Category:1818 disasters Category:1819 disasters Category:19th-century disasters in the Ottoman Empire Category:1810s disasters in Asia Category:1810s disasters in Europe Category:1810s epidemics