1911 Kebin earthquake

Earthquake in Kazakhstan on 3 January 1911 October 2024 1911 Kebin earthquake 1911-01-03 23:25:48 16958130 iscgem16958130 4 January 1911 05:25 Kyrgyzstan 8.0 w y8.1 s y 20 km on 42.9 76.8 inline,title Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan Severehttps://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2919 Significant Earthquake Information National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 4 January 2024 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 10 452 dead, 740 injured thumb|260px|Main geological structures around Issyk Kul lake with zones of ground ruptures from the 1911 earthquake shown in yellow The 1911 Kebin earthquake, or Chon-Kemin earthquake, struck Russian Turkestan on 3 January. Registering at a moment magnitude of 8.0, it killed 452 people, destroyed more than 770 buildings (which was almost all of the city) in Almaty, Kazakhstan, and resulted in 125 mi km 0 of surface faulting in the valleys of Chon-Kemin, Chilik and Chon-Aksu.https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/today/index.php?month=1&day=3&submit=View+Date Today in Earthquake History: January 3 United States Geological Survey 27 October 2009 3 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100123144720/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/today/index.php?month=1&day=3&submit=View%2BDate 23 January 2010 live Tectonic setting The Tien Shan mountains form part of the broad zone of deformation associated with the continuing collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. In the region around Issyk Kul, the tectonic regime is a combination of thrusting and sinistral strike-slip. The lake is formed in a ramp basin bounded to both north and south by opposite verging thrust faults, while the major Chon-Kemin–Chilik strike-slip fault runs along the linear valleys to the north.Delvaux D. Abdrakhmatov K.E. Lemzin I.N. Strom A.L. amp 2001 Landslides and surface breaks of the 1911 Ms 8.2 Kemin earthquake Russian Geology and Geophysics 42 10 1583–1592 https://www.africamuseum.be/publication_docs/2001_Delvaux_al_ChonKemin-Eng.pdf 29 December 2010 Characteristics In the Chong-Kemin and Chilik valleys, and on the shoreline of Issyk Kul, a complex zone of surface rupture was identified by fieldwork immediately following the earthquake. Two main zones of rupture were noted, one complex zone along the Chon-Kemin and Chilik valleys, the other along the Chon-Aksu valley. Chon-Kemin Chilik rupture zone This complex zone of ruptures has four main segments: the 20 km long Dzhil'-Aryk, the 62 km long Lower Chon-Kemin, south side, the 40 km long Lower Chon-Kemin, north side and the 66 km long Upper Chon-Kemin-Chilik zone. The Dzhil'-Aryk segment shows evidence of reverse faulting on a south-dipping fault plane, with no clear evidence of lateral movement. The sense of displacement along the rest of the near-vertical Chon-Kemin and Chilik rupture zone was dominantly of sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip with minor amounts of reverse faulting, with between one and three metres of vertical displacement. Left-lateral displacements of up to 40 m recognised from the offset of river channels, represent cumulative displacements and no separate estimates have been obtained for the 1911 event. Chon-Aksu Aksu rupture zone This zone has two parts: the 40 km long Chon-Aksu segment and the 34 km long Aksu segment. Along the Chon-Aksu valley the movement was dominantly reverse in type along a 60° north-dipping reverse fault, with up to 10.5 m vertical displacement and at most 1 m horizontal displacement, from the lack of observed offset of river thalwegs. The outcrop pattern of the Aksu segment rupture indicates a low-angle thrust, possibly steepening with depth, with a maximum vertical offset or 3–5 m, decreasing steadily to the east. In total about 200 km of fault surfaces ruptured, although there was no visible faulting joining the two main rupture zones.Surface rupture of the 1911 Kebin (Chon-Kemin) earthquake, Northern Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan 51 Arrowsmith J.R. Crosby C.J. Korjenkov A.M. Mamyrov E. Povolotskaya I. amp 2005 American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting #T51F–05 2005AGUFM.T51F..05A Landslides Many landslides and rock avalanches were triggered by the earthquake and are associated with the mapped zones of surface rupture. The two largest landslides were the Kaindy rock avalanche and the Ananevo rockslide. The Kaindy landslide, with a volume of 15 billion m3, was formed of a mass of limestone that buried a group of yurts and killed 38 people. The Ananevo rockslide also had a volume of about 15 billion m3, and was formed of weathered granitic material, with a 250 m high backscarp that is still visible.Havenith H.-B. Strom A. Jongmans D. Abdrakhmatov K. Delvaux D. Tréfois P. amp 2003 Seismic triggering of landslides, Part A: Field evidence from the Northern Tien Shan Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences European Geosciences Union 3 135–149 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/33/08/91/PDF/nhess-3-135-2003.pdf 30 December 2010 10.5194/nhess-3-135-2003 2003NHESS...3..135H free Impact Most of the region's inhabitants lived in yurts, which are relatively resistant to earthquakes and unlikely to cause deaths even if they do collapse. The greatest damage and most of the casualties, including in yurts, resulted from landslides triggered by the earthquake, with 452 people killed and another 740 people injured.Abdrachmatov K.E. Lake Issyk-Kul: its natural environment Djanuzakov K.D. Delvaux D. Springer 2002 978-1-4020-0899-3 Klerkx J. NATO science series: Earth and environmental sciences 13 156 Active tectonics and seismic hazard of the Issyk-Kul Basin in the Kyrgyz Tian-Shan Imanackunov B. https://books.google.com/books?id=pPJd1hO0PDUC&pg=PA156 Nearly 1,100 houses and 4,545 yurts were destroyed by the earthquake and the resulting landslides. See also List of earthquakes in 1911 List of earthquakes in Kyrgyzstan 1902 Turkestan earthquake References External links 16958130 Category:Earthquakes in Russia Category:Earthquakes in Kazakhstan Category:Earthquakes in Kyrgyzstan Earthquake Russia Category:January 1911 in Asia Category:1910s disasters in the Russian Empire Category:1911 disasters in Asia