1977 Oman cyclone

North Indian cyclone in 1977 Severe Cyclonic Storm 02A ArabianSeaJune121977.png Satellite image of the storm on June 12, 1977 June 6, 1977 June 6, 1977 June 14, 1977 June 14, 1977 90 959 60 At least 105 Oman 1977 North Indian Ocean cyclone season The 1977 Oman cyclone was the deadliest tropical cyclone on record to strike Oman. The storm formed off the west coast of India in the Arabian Sea, and curved westward to reach peak winds of 110 km/h mph on. The storm struck Masirah Island and later southern Oman on June 13, before dissipating the next day over Saudi Arabia. Producing wind gusts to 230 km/h mph on, the storm was the strongest cyclone on record to hit the Arabian Peninsula until Cyclone Gonu hit in 2007. About 95% of Marisah Island was damaged by the strong winds, including much of the military base. The cyclone dropped 430.6 mm in on of rainfall over a 24-hour period on Marisah, which was the highest daily total in the country as of 2003. Overall, the storm killed at least 105 people and left 50,000 homeless. Meteorological history 02A 1977 track.png On June 6, a monsoon depression formed in the Arabian Sea about 500 km mi on south-southwest of Goa, India. It initially paralleled the Indian coastline, becoming a tropical storm on June 9 with a minimum barometric pressure of 986 mbar inHg on. That day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began tracking the system. The storm moved northward, followed by a northwest turn on June 10. It curved toward the west, and the JTWC reported the cyclone as reaching peak 1–minute sustained winds of 110 km/h mph on on June 11. In addition, the India Meteorological Department estimated the system became a severe cyclonic storm, which has sustained winds of at least 118 km/h mph on.Tracks of Cyclones and Depressions over North Indian Ocean Cyclone eAtlas India Meteorological Department 2014-04-12 http://www.rmcchennaieatlas.tn.nic.in/ViewByParam.aspxFebruary 2021 InternetArchiveBot yes On June 12, the storm attained a minimum pressure of 975 mbar inHg on while continuing westward. On June 13, the eye of the cyclone passed over Masirah Island for a 40-minute period, producing peak sustained winds of 167 km/h mph on and a minimum pressure of 956 mbar inHg on. The JTWC issued the final advisory at 0800 UTC that day. The Oman Department of Meteorology reported the storm as being much stronger than the JTWC, with sustained winds of 105 mph km/h on and gusts to 230 km/h mph on.Yassine Charabi Indian Ocean: Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change https://books.google.com/books?id=asKu23EjCeoC&dq=1977+oman+-gonu+cyclone&pg=PA266 Springer 2009 18 December 2010 9789048131105 The cyclone was the strongest on record to make landfall on the Arabian Peninsula, until Cyclone Gonu surpassed it in 2007.NASA 2007 Rare Tropical Cyclone Churns in Arabian Sea 2010-12-18 http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/gonu.htmlStaff Writer Agence French-Presse Weakening cyclone Gonu hits Oman 2007-06-06 http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/06/06/1944413.htm 2010-12-18 https://web.archive.org/web/20101121082011/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/06/06/1944413.htm 2010-11-21 dead Shortly after striking Masirah, the storm moved ashore mainland Oman, causing rapid weakening to tropical depression status. The system dissipated on June 14 after crossing into southeastern Saudi Arabia.Joint Typhoon Warning Center Staff United States Military 1977 Annual Typhoon Report 2010-12-18 http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1977atcr/pdf/1977_complete.pdf dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110607100053/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1977atcr/pdf/1977_complete.pdf 2011-06-07 Impact and aftermath Along the southwest coast of India, the storm produced high swells of up to 7 m ft on in conjunction with the monsoon. The waves affected several drilling rigs operated by the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, forcing work to shut down. The tanker Texaco Plymouth experienced significant structural damage from the storm, losing two lifeboats. The freighter Buxom Island in the central Arabian Sea experienced 139 km/h mph on winds before sinking, which took the lives of 23 of its crew.Weather 57 247–255 July 2002 Monsoon Tropical Cyclones: Part 2 David Membery 7 10.1256/004316502760195911 2002Wthr...57..246M free The military base in Masirah was first warned about the cyclone on June 11. The next day, officials there raised a Category 3 warning, which was soon upgraded to Category 2. Aircraft were stored in hangars, and workers inspected the roofs of buildings before riding out the storm in a shelter. Hurricane-force winds struck during the morning hours of June 13, with sustained winds peaking at 167 km/h mph on and gusts to 200 km/h mph on. After a lull during the eye's passage, winds then increased out of the southwest towards 185 km/h mph on. The strong winds caused buildings to collapse and roof beams to be blown through the air. Every building at the base sustained damage, and virtually all homes in the nearby village were leveled. The radio relay station on the island was also damaged.1977-07-07 Masirah Radio Station Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2014-04-11 https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1977/jul/08/masirah-radio-station Overall, the storm wrecked about 95% of the buildings in Masirah,The Argus Press 1992-06-13 Weather Statistics 2014-04-11 https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1988&dat=19920612&id=PnEiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Ra0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=2924,4344871 leaving 2,000 people homeless there. Rain totals were significant, with a total of 482.3 mm in on falling 40 km mi northeast of Salalah. A station on Masirah Island reported 430.6 mm in on in 24 hours, more than six times the average annual precipitation there. The total was the highest daily rainfall in the period from 1977 to 2003 nationwide.607, 610 Andy Y. Kwarteng Atsu S. Dorvlob Ganiga T. Vijaya Kumara Analysis of a 27-year rainfall data (1977–2003) in the Sultanate of Oman International Journal of Climatology 29 4 2008-07-09 10.1002/joc.1727 2009IJCli..29..605K 128503378 Floods washed away thousands of animals as well as lime and palm-tree plantations, downing thousands of trees across the region.Staff Writer AAP-Reuters The Sydney herald 1977-06-20 50 Killed in Oman Hurricane 2010-12-18 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=taApAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fOYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4427,6625747&dq=oman&hl=en The rains flooded the main highway from Muscat to Salalah, and also accumulated in the typically dry Dhofar region. There, most drains were unable to withstand the unusual flooding. The cyclone was considered the worst disaster in Oman during the 20th century, and remains the deadliest cyclone as of 2010.Sultan Al-Shaqsi Care or Cry: Three years from Cyclone Gonu. What have we learnt? Oman Medical Journal July 2010 25 3 3191634 22043331 10.5001/omj.2010.50 162–7 Overall, the cyclone caused 105 deaths,Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide 1990-present August 1993 2009-03-25 http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABP986.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20110718110440/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABP986.pdf dead July 18, 2011 and over 5,000 injuries,Sultan Z Al-Shaqsi Emergency management in the Arabian Peninsula: A case study from the Sultanate of Oman Federal Emergency Management Agency http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/Comparative%20EM%20Book%20-%20EM%20in%20Oman.doc DOC 2014-04-11 https://web.archive.org/web/20130228025802/http://training.fema.gov/emiweb/edu/Comparative%20EM%20Book%20-%20EM%20in%20Oman.doc 2013-02-28 dead and left about 20,000 people homeless. The death toll is disputed, as another report indicated 110 deaths in Oman. After the storm, neighboring Saudi Arabia sent assistance to Oman,Oman and the World: The Emergence of an Independent Foreign Policy Joseph A. Kechichian 73 2014-04-11 1995 Rand Santa Monica, California https://books.google.com/books?id=qBVP9IywwCcC&dq=1977+oman+hurricane&pg=PA73 9780833023322 as did other nations in the Persian Gulf.Spokesman Review 1977-06-23 Aid Sent Oman 2014-04-11 https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19770623&id=WjxOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1-0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5123,3375586 The cyclone struck before the nation created a coordinated disaster network in 1988; as a result, the relief work was spread among various agencies.Oman National Committee for Civil Defense About Us 2014-04-12 http://www.nccd.gov.om/english/about_maincom.asp https://web.archive.org/web/20140413123324/http://www.nccd.gov.om/english/about_maincom.asp 2014-04-13 dead See also List of Arabian Peninsula tropical cyclones Cyclone Gonu Cyclone Phet References 1977 Oman cyclone Oman Cyclone, 1977 Category:Severe cyclonic storms