1916 uprising in Hilla

the Mesopotamian campaign Iraq 300 center Hilla right 8 yes 32.483333 44.433333 November 1916 Hilla, Ottoman Iraq yes Ottoman victory Ottoman Empire Arab Rebels Garrison commander: Ottoman Empire Unknown Punitive force commander: Ottoman Empire ‘Ākif Beg Muhammad ‘Ali al-QazwiniAmong others Garrison at Hilla: Unknown, but less than the rebels Punitive force: 4,000–6,000 Unknown Unknown 1,500 killed, "thousands" deported The 1916 uprising in Hilla or the Akif incidenthttps://www.academia.edu/4275183 Political Awakenings in an Artificial State: Iraq, 1914-20 Haddad Fanar 2012 academia.edu was an Arab uprising against the Ottoman Empire in 1916. Background The Ottoman defeat in the Battle of Shaiba in April 1915 had damaged the authority of the Ottomans in the eyes of the Arabs,Charles Townsend, Desert Hell, The British Invasion of Mesopotamia (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2010), 90-91. leading to an uprising in Najaf in May 1915. Following their victory, emissaries from Najaf began encouraging an uprising in Hilla.Kramer Martin https://books.google.com/books?id=yK2bDwAAQBAJ Shi'ism, Resistance, And Revolution Bakhash Shaul Bailey Clinton Fischer Michael M. J. 2019-05-28 Routledge 978-1-000-31143-3 en Chapter 7 - The Iraqi Shi'is and their fate emissaries from Najaf encouraged similar rebellions in Karbala and nearby Hilla, also predominantly Shi'i. Uprising The uprising in Hilla took place in November 1916. The Ottomans put up a desperate fight in the city but found themselves outnumbered by waves of Bedouin and deserters.https://books.google.com/books?id=tP-4BAAAQBAJ The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East, 1914-1920 Rogan Eugene 2015-02-26 Penguin Books Limited 978-0-14-196870-4 en Chapter 9 - The Invasion of Mesopotamia After the rebels captured the city, the Ottomans sent a punitive force of 4,000-6,000 troops under ‘Ākif Beg.https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28898/1/10673072.pdf THE RELIGIOUS ESTABLISHMENT IN ITHNA ASHARI SHIISM: A STUDY IN SCHOLARLY AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT Al-Qazwini Jawdat 1997 eprints.soas.ac.uk 164, 165 On the 11th, Ākif wrote a letter to Hillah,https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100038132679.0x0000b2 Personalities. 'Iràq (Exclusive of Baghdad and Kàdhimain) India Office 1919 76 claiming that he needed to cross the city to get to Nasiriyah. He asked to meet the prominent people of the city to negotiate with them for permission to cross. When the leaders of the city, such as Muhammad ‘Ali al-Qazwini and others, met them, the Ottomans detained them and declared to the inhabitants of the city that if their crossing through the city to Nasiriyah was opposed, they would kill their hostages. Aftermath The residents abided by the Ottoman demands, but Akif reneged on his promise. Ottoman forces hung 128 or 126https://books.google.com/books?id=AYiMCwAAQBAJ Fall of the Sultanate: The Great War and the End of the Ottoman Empire, 1908-1922 Gingeras Ryan 2016 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-967607-1 215 en people, carried of their women, and killed 1500 in all, as well as deporting "thousands" of people to Diyarbakır. This incident served to increase anti-Ottoman sentiment among Arab Shiites, some of whom came to Hilla to aid the rebels, but were too late. Al-Fatlah chieftain Mudbir al-Far'un condemned the Ottoman massacre: This is a statement to the Arab nation and especially the Iraqi tribes […] Oh Arab brothers who have been cultivated by race and who trace their lineages back to Qahtan [one of the ‘fathers’ of the Arabs] […] oh those of jealousy, valour; and lords of aid and courage […] let everyone who belongs to Qahtan know that this [Ottoman] state wants to wipe you off the face of the earth and to replace you with their own Turkish kind […] By God all who did nothing in the face of such deeds and who obeyed this unjust state have none of the Arabs’ zeal. Have you not read its [the state’s] newspapers? They discriminate and degrade Arabs, and here it is, overflowing with insults to the Arabs; they even call black dogs ‘Arab’. Mudbir al-Far'un 1916 condemnation Muhammad ‘Ali al-Qazwini was spared by the Ottomans and lived until 1937. References Category:1916 in Ottoman Iraq Category:Battles of the Mesopotamian campaign Category:Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire Category:1916 conflicts Category:Military history of Hillah Category:Arab rebellions in Iraq Category:November 1916 in Asia Hilla Category:Uprisings during World War I