1995 Atlantic hurricane season

none Atl 1995 1995 Atlantic hurricane season summary.png June 3, 1995 November 1, 1995 Opal 916 130 1 21 19 11 5 227 (Fifth highest) 12346 185 total 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997 Timeline of the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season 1995 Pacific typhoon season 1995 Pacific hurricane season 1995 North Indian Ocean cyclone season The 1995 Atlantic hurricane season was a very active Atlantic hurricane season, and is considered to be the start of an ongoing era of high-activity tropical cyclone formation. The season produced twenty-one tropical cyclones, nineteen named storms, as well as eleven hurricanes and five major hurricanes.An average season, as defined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, has twelve tropical storms, six hurricanes and two major hurricanes.http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/background_information.shtml#NOAADEF Background Information: The North Atlantic Hurricane Season National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration December 5, 2011 August 4, 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20100826053605/http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/background_information.shtml#NOAADEF 2010-08-26 dead "nb" The season officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30, dates which conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones develop in the Atlantic basin. The first tropical cyclone, Hurricane Allison, developed on June 2, while the season's final storm, Hurricane Tanya, transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on November 1. The very active Atlantic hurricane activity in 1995 was caused by La Niña conditions, which also influenced an inactive Pacific hurricane season. It was tied with 1887 with 19 named storms, which was later equalled by the 2010, 2011, and 2012 seasons. There were four particularly destructive hurricanes during the season: Luis, Marilyn, Opal and Roxanne. Hurricanes Luis and Marilyn both caused catastrophic damage in the Leeward Islands and Virgin Islands. The former storm was the first hurricane to affect the islands since Hugo in 1989, while the latter was the most devastating cyclone on the Virgin Islands since Hugo as well. Opal, the strongest and most intense storm of the season, caused devastation along portions of the Gulf Coast of the United States. Roxanne, a rare late-season major hurricane,A major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale.http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/A3.html What is a super-typhoon? What is a major hurricane? What is an intense hurricane? Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory December 5, 2011 "nb" caused significant damage when it made landfall in Quintana Roo. All four aforementioned names were retired following the season. Additionally, Erin produced moderate damage in Florida and into Alabama. Felix generated strong waves, causing heavy beach erosion in the Northeastern United States and drowning nine people. Iris caused flooding that left five deaths in the Lesser Antilles. Collectively, the tropical cyclones of the season caused about $12.35 billion (1995 USD)All damage figures are in 1995 USD, unless otherwise noted "nb" in damage and at least 185 deaths. Seasonal forecasts +Predictions of tropical activity in the 1995 seasonSourceDateNamedstormsHurricanesMajorhurricanesRefRecord high activity3015 7 (Tie)North Atlantic Ocean Historical Tropical Cyclone Statistics http://tropical.atmos.colostate.edu/Realtime/index.php?arch&loc=northatlantic Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado July 19, 2023Record low activity10 (tie)0 CSUDecember 19941283http://typhoon.atmos.colostate.edu/Includes/Documents/Publications/forecast_verifications.xls Forecast Verifications 2012 Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado August 3, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131214201025/http://typhoon.atmos.colostate.edu/Includes/Documents/Publications/forecast_verifications.xls December 14, 2013WRCEarly 1995106N/Ahttp://www.wxresearch.com/outlook/2008wrcvsco.pdf Comparison of Weather Research Center's OCSI Atlantic Annual Seasonal Hurricane Forecasts with Colorado State Professor Bill Gray's Seasonal Forecast Jill F. Hasling May 1, 2008 Weather Research Center September 27, 2016 July 18, 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110718124747/http://www.wxresearch.com/outlook/2008wrcvsco.pdf deadCSUApril1062CSUJune1283 Recorded activity 19 11 5 Forecasts of hurricane activity are issued before each hurricane season by noted hurricane experts such as Dr. William M. Gray and his associates at Colorado State University (CSU) and the Weather Research Center (WRC). A normal season, as defined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has 12.1 named storms; of these, 6.4 reach hurricane strength; and 2.7 major hurricanes, which are Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/background_information.shtml Background information: the North Atlantic Hurricane Season August 4, 2011 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Prediction Center September 17, 2011 Additionally, the 1950–2000 CSU average for a normal season is 9.6 named storms, of these 5.9 reach hurricane strength, and 2.3 become major hurricanes.Philip J. Klotzbach William M. Gray December 8, 2006 Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2007 Colorado State University July 1, 2012 http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2006/dec2006/ Fort Collins, Colorado https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001001/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2006/dec2006/ March 4, 2016 In December 1994, CSU predicted that only 12 named storms would form and 8 of those would become hurricanes; 3 major hurricanes were projected. CSU noted an above average season due to expectations that the existing El Niño would dissipate, while a La Niña would develop by the summer of 1995. Additionally, the western areas of the Sahara Desert were predicted to have the fourth or fifth rainiest season since 1970. A year with heavier precipitation in this region usually correlates with an active Atlantic hurricane season.https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/Archived_Forecasts/1990s/1994-12.pdf Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity for 1995 William M. Gray November 30, 1994 Colorado State University 2 September 27, 2016 Fort Collins, Colorado In April 1995, CSU revised their forecast, decreasing the number of named storms to 10, hurricanes to 6, and major hurricanes to 2. However, in June, CSU reverted to their December forecast, which called for 12 named storms, 8 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes. The forecast by the WRC in early 1995 was 10 named storms and 6 hurricanes, with no prediction on the number of major hurricanes. Seasonal summary thumb|270px|left|A satellite image of the Atlantic Ocean on August 24 including 3 active tropical cyclones (from left to right), Tropical Storm Jerry, Hurricane Iris, Hurricane Humberto and two tropical waves that would ultimately become Karen and Hurricane Luis yes right The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1,http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1995-11-30/news/9511290693_1_tropical-storm-jerry-storms-and-hurricanes-hurricane-allison https://web.archive.org/web/20180205184518/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1995-11-30/news/9511290693_1_tropical-storm-jerry-storms-and-hurricanes-hurricane-allison dead February 5, 2018 Hurricane Season Comes To Merciful End Kirk Saville November 30, 1995 Sun-Sentinel September 27, 2016 and activity in 1995 began two days later with the formation of Hurricane Allison on June 3. It was a well-above average season in which 21 tropical depressions formed, 19 of which attained tropical storm status, and 11 of these attained hurricane status. In addition, five tropical cyclones reached major hurricane status, which was well above the 1950–2005 average of two per season. At the time, only 1933 surpassed the season's total storms, making the season the second most active in recorded history tying with 1887.https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/hurricane-sandy-pounding-jamaica-may-hit-us-this-weekend-ts-tony-f.html Hurricane Sandy pounding Jamaica, may hit US this weekend; TS Tony forms Masters Jeff October 24, 2012 Weather Underground TWC Product and Technology September 25, 2021https://www.nytimes.com/article/tropical-storm-teresa-hurricane.html Subtropical Storm Teresa Becomes the 19th Named Storm of the Season September 25, 2021 The New York Times September 25, 2021 The 1995 season would be the beginning of a high-activity period in the Atlantic basin, also known as a warm phase of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, which has lasted for about 30 years.https://www.noaa.gov/stories/atlantic-high-activity-eras-what-does-it-mean-for-hurricane-season November 22, 2019 Silver Spring, Maryland Atlantic high-activity eras: What does it mean for hurricane season? National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration December 9, 2025 Collectively, the tropical cyclones of this season caused 185 deaths and about $12.35 billion in damage.AL011995_Allison Preliminary Report: Hurricane Allison Richard J. Pasch January 29, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration March 10, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF National Weather Service Houston, Texas August 4, 1995 Gene Hafele Summary of Tropical Storm Dean National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 2 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/dean/preloc/pshhou02.gif http://www.srh.noaa.gov/oun/stormdata/getstormdata.php?year=1995&month=08 August 1995 Storm Data November 29, 2008 National Weather Service Norman, Oklahoma National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 1995 https://web.archive.org/web/20061008140817/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/oun/stormdata/getstormdata.php?year=1995&month=08 8 October 2006 https://gleaner.newspaperarchive.com/kingston-gleaner/1995-08-04/page-5/ Plane Crash August 4, 1995 5 The Gleaner Kingston, Jamaica January 4, 2020 Newspaperarchive.com AL051995_Erin Preliminary Report: Hurricane Erin Edward N. Rappaport November 26, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF Mark Guishard James Dodgson Michael Johnston Hurricanes - General Information for Bermuda Bermuda Weather Service October 7, 2015 May 2015 http://www.weather.bm/TropicalArchive/Hurricanes_Info_for_Bermuda_2007.doc DOC AL071995_Felix Preliminary Report: Hurricane Felix B. Max Mayfield Jack L. Beven November 19, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration March 10, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF Steve Stone The Virginia Pilot August 18, 1995 Life Returns to Normal as Hurricane Felix Glides Away from Land September 27, 2016 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/felix/news/vp0818p1.gif Hampton Roads, Virginia GIF 37 8 Storm Data Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena 12, 17, 59, 64, 65, 90, 91, 92 August 1995 0039-1972 National Climatic Data Center March 10, 2016 http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-5744531F-8FAD-4E6D-8D2D-2B3CFEC6F8D5.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20160310164909/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-5744531F-8FAD-4E6D-8D2D-2B3CFEC6F8D5.pdf March 10, 2016 Asheville, North Carolina AL081995_Gabrielle Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Gabrielle Miles B. Lawrence December 1, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF AL101995_Iris Preliminary Report: Hurricane Iris Edward N. Rappaport November 2, 2000 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF AL111995_Jerry Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Jerry Richard J. Pasch January 31, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters 2016 September 25, 2016 International Disaster Database http://www.emdat.be/database September 6, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160906135830/http://www.emdat.be/database dead http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=03C70EF1-1 1995-Luis September 14, 2010 Environment Canada May 19, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20130313110513/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=03C70EF1-1 March 13, 2013 AL151995_Marilyn Preliminary Report: Hurricane Marilyn Edward N. Edward January 17, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF National Climatic Data Center 2007 Neal Lott Tom Ross Billion Dollar U.S. Weather Disasters September 27, 2016 http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/papers/200686ams1.2nlfree.pdf Asheville, North Carolina November 22, 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20061122215547/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/papers/200686ams1.2nlfree.pdf dead http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/techrpts/tr9502/tr9502.pdf Hurricane Opal Preliminary Report NOAA Technical Memorandum 95-02 4, 9 National Climatic Data Center November 1995 September 26, 2016 January 11, 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20070111044424/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/techrpts/tr9502/tr9502.pdf dead http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/nws-nhc-6.pdf The deadliest, costliest and most intense United States tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2010 (and other frequently requested hurricane facts) September 16, 2016 August 10, 2011 NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC-6 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Eric S. Blake Christopher W. Landsea Ethan J. Gibney National Hurricane Center AL191995_Roxanne Preliminary Report: Hurricane Roxanne Lixion A. Avila November 29, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF European Parliament 1995 Resolution on Hurricane Tanya European Union September 16, 2016 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/dg7/calendrier/data/pv_adopt/en/text/951116EN.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20080623112207/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/dg7/calendrier/data/pv_adopt/en/text/951116EN.htm June 23, 2008 dead The last storm of the season, Hurricane Tanya, became extratropical on November 1, over four weeks before the official end of the season on November 30. Tropical cyclogenesis in the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season began with the development of Hurricane Allison on June 2. The month of July was very active, with four tropical cyclones forming. This record of storms in July stood until the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season when five storms formed in July. A total of seven storms formed in August — Felix, Gabrielle, Humberto, Iris, Jerry, Karen, and Luis — tying the 1933 record for most in the month; this record was broken in the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season when eight named storms formed during August. Although September is the climatological peak of hurricane season, it was much less active than August. Four tropical cyclones developed in September, with Marilyn, Noel, and Opal eventually strengthening into hurricanes. Four tropical cyclones also formed in October; notably, Hurricane Roxanne developed in that month. The last storm of the season, Hurricane Tanya, developed later in October and eventually became extratropical on November 1. This was the first time since forecasters began assigning given names to tropical storms in 1950 that names starting with the letters "O" and beyond were used.https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/VA-news/VA-Pilot/issues/1995/vp951001/10020213.htm The Virginian-Pilot October 1, 1995 Steve Stone 1A What's In A Name? In '95, An Oceanful Of Storms, Hurricanes Latest Arrival, Tropical Storm Opal, Marks First Time "O" Has Reached December 9, 2025 Hampton Roads, Virginia The season's activity was reflected with a very high accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 227, the fifth highest value on record,Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT August 12, 2016 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html Miami, Florida and far above the 1981–2010 median of 92.Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2014 http://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/07/2014-04.pdf Colorado State University April 10, 2014 Phillip J. Klotzbach William M. Gray April 10, 2014 January 9, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170109185959/http://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/07/2014-04.pdf dead Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. Therefore, a system with a longer duration or stronger intensity will have a higher value of ACE. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 mph km/h. Accordingly, tropical depressions are not included here. After the storm has dissipated, typically after the end of the season, the NHC reexamines the data, and produces a final report on each storm. These revisions can lead to a revised ACE total either upward or downward compared to the operational value. Systems Hurricane Allison Atl Allison 1995-06-04 1445Z.png Allison_1995_path.png June 3 June 6 65 987 Hurricane Allison (1995) A westward moving tropical wave reached the Caribbean Sea in late May and gradually organized over the next few days. Around 00:00 UTC on June 3, a tropical depression developed about 265 mi km east of Belize City, Belize. The depression initially moved northwestward before recurving to the north. The depression entered the Gulf of Mexico and strengthened into Tropical Storm Allison by 12:00 UTC. Despite unfavorable upper-level winds, the storm intensified into a hurricane about 24 hours later. Allison then peaked with maximum sustained winds of 75 mph km/h on and a minimum barometric pressure of 987 mbar inHg on on. Increasing wind shear weakened it to a tropical storm early on June 5. At 14:00 UTC, Allison made landfall near Alligator Point, Florida, with winds of 70 mph km/h on. After briefly emerging over Apalachee Bay, Allison struck near St. Marks with winds of 65 mph km/h on. Early on June 6, Allison weakened to a tropical depression, shortly before becoming extratropical. The remnants continued northeastward and later struck Newfoundland before dissipating near Greenland on June 11.AL011995_Allison Preliminary Report: Hurricane Allison Richard J. Pasch January 29, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration March 10, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF While brushing Cuba, Allison produced wind gusts up to 64 mph km/h on and as much as 18 in mm on of rainfall. A total of 32 structures were damaged or destroyed, causing one death. In Florida, storm surge heights of 6 to 8 ft m were observed in Dixie and Wakulla counties and 2 to 6 ft m on to the east, causing significant beach erosion and damaging 65 homes, 3 hotels, and a restaurant.37 6 Storm Data Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena 42 June 1995 0039-1972 National Climatic Data Center March 10, 2016 http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-FA24FD70-8481-46D2-A5E9-55C4BE79F36F.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20160310050120/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-FA24FD70-8481-46D2-A5E9-55C4BE79F36F.pdf March 10, 2016 Asheville, North Carolina Elsewhere in Florida, damage was generally minor, totaling only about $860,000. In Georgia, there was minor flooding and tornadoes, one of which caused $800,000 in damage in St. Marys. Some locations in Atlantic Canada reported tropical storm force winds and heavy rainfall.http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=19D68547-1 1995-Allison September 14, 2010 Environment Canada May 19, 2021 March 13, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130313110400/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=19D68547-1 Tropical Storm Barry Atl Barry 1995-07-09 1515Z.png Barry_1995 path.png July 6 July 10 60 989 A frontal low situated between Bermuda and South Carolina developed into Tropical Depression Two late on July 6.AL021995_Barry Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Barry B. Max Mayfield November 19, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration March 10, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF Strong wind shear initially prevented significant strengthening,B. Max Mayfield July 6, 1995 Tropical Depression Two Discussion Number 2 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration March 10, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/barry/tropdisc/nal0295.002 though by early on July 7, the depression became Tropical Storm Barry. A nearby trough enhanced convection and caused strengthening, with maximum sustained winds reaching 70 mph km/h on later that day. Later on July 8, Barry weakened slightly, falling to winds of 50 mph km/h on, an intensity it would retain until landfall. An approaching mid-level trough accelerated the storm as it traveled roughly along the Gulf Stream.Lixion A. Avila July 8, 1995 Tropical Storm Barry Discussion Number 9 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration March 10, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/barry/tropdisc/nal0295.009 Early on July 9, convection began to shift away from the storm's center. While moving rapidly northeastward, Barry made landfall in Hart Island, Nova Scotia, late on July 9. It weakened slightly and made landfall on Cape Breton Island less than an hour later. Cold water caused deep convection to diminish as it was making landfall, and the storm lost most remaining tropical characteristics as it tracked toward Newfoundland.B. Max Mayfield July 9, 1995 Tropical Storm Barry Discussion Number 13 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration March 10, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/barry/tropdisc/nal0295.013 Barry was declared extratropical early on July 10 near the west coast of Newfoundland. As a fast-moving and weakening extratropical cyclone, the system remained distinct until it passed across the east coast of Labrador, when it dissipated. Tropical storm force winds were recorded at Fourchu, Nova Scotia, as well as wind gusts up to 62 mph km/h on at Port aux Basques, Newfoundland. Barry dropped significant rainfall, peaking at 4.33 in mm on in Nova Scotia, with lesser totals at several other locations.http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=E8B4039B-1 1995-Barry September 14, 2010 Environment Canada May 19, 2021 March 13, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130313110420/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=E8B4039B-1 Tropical Storm Chantal Atl Chantal 1995-07-19 1645Z.png Chantal_1995_path.png July 12 July 20 60 991 A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa on July 5. During the next week, the wave improved on satellite imagery and developed into a tropical depression about 420 mi km on east-northeast of Guadeloupe on July 12. The depression quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Chantal. Initially, Chantal threatened the Bahamas, and the Government of the Bahamas issued tropical storm watches and warnings, which were in effect for the southeast and central islands as well as the Turks and Caicos Islands. However, Chantal re-curved to the north and did not directly affect the Bahamas. After the cyclone turned northward, it threatened Bermuda, which prompted a tropical storm watch for the island on July 16. The watch was canceled on July 18 as the storm passed well northwest of the island. By early on July 17, Chantal attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph km/h on and a minimum barometric pressure of 991 mbar inHg on. Thereafter, the storm began weakening and slowly losing tropical characteristics. At 18:00 UTC on July 20, Chantal transitioned into an extratropical storm about 225 mi km on east-southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland. The remnants continued rapidly northeastward and later east-northeastward, before dissipating west of the British Isles on July 22.AL031995_Chantal Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Chantal Miles B. Lawrence November 17, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration March 10, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF Although Chantal remained well offshore, the storm dropped heavy rainfall in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, peaking at 3 in mm on on the Burin Peninsula. Further west in Nova Scotia, heavier precipitation was reported, peaking at 4.84 in mm on near Barrington.http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=42FEF482-1 1995-Chantal September 14, 2010 Environment Canada May 19, 2021 March 13, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130313110433/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=42FEF482-1 Tropical Storm Dean Atl Dean 1995-07-30 1730Z.png Dean_1995_path.png July 28 August 2 40 999 Tropical Storm Dean (1995) A stationary front in the Gulf of Mexico developed an upper-level circulation. By July 28, the system organized enough to be classified as Tropical Depression Four. Despite favorable conditions, the depression tracked westward without significantly intensifying, due to the poor organization of the storm itself. As the depression curved west-northwestward, it began to strengthen and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Dean while located only 70 mi km on from the Texas coastline on July 30. The system made landfall early on July 31 near Freeport with winds of 45 mph km/h on and a minimum barometric pressure of 999 mbar hPa inHg on. Shortly thereafter, Dean weakened back to a tropical depression. The storm continued to slowly weaken as it moved northwestward, dissipating on August 2 near the Texas–Oklahoma border.AL041995_Dean Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Dean Lixion A. Avila November 14, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF Storm surge caused minor coastal flooding, especially on Galveston Island.National Weather Service Houston, Texas August 4, 1995 Gene Hafele Summary of Tropical Storm Dean National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 2 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/dean/preloc/pshhou02.gif Dean produced a large swath of rainfall between 5 and 10 in mm on, while some areas received more than 17 in mm on.David M. Roth January 18, 2007 Tropical Storm Dean – July 28-August 4, 1995 Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/dean1995.html College Park, Maryland Precipitation from the storm caused moderate localized flood damage. A total of 20 families in Chambers County evacuated, while 38 houses in the southeastern portions of Texas were flooded. Two tornadoes were also reported in the state, but neither caused significant damage. In Oklahoma, heavy rainfall flooded more than 40 houses and left about 24 cars stranded. At least three highways suffered significant flooding, while other minor roads were closed for several days.http://www.srh.noaa.gov/oun/stormdata/getstormdata.php?year=1995&month=08 August 1995 Storm Data November 29, 2008 National Weather Service Norman, Oklahoma National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 1995 https://web.archive.org/web/20061008140817/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/oun/stormdata/getstormdata.php?year=1995&month=08 8 October 2006 Outside of Oklahoma and Texas, the remnants of the storm dropped rainfall in several Midwestern states, though minimal damage occurred. Despite the flooding, property damage estimates were only $500,000, while one fatality occurred. Hurricane Erin Atl Erin 1995-08-03 1359Z (alt).png Erin_1995_path.png July 31 August 6 85 973 Hurricane Erin (1995) A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on July 22 and headed toward the Leeward Islands, where the system nearly developed into a tropical cyclone but was inhibited by vertical wind shear. By July 31, the system was classified as Tropical Storm Erin while just west of the Turks and Caicos Islands. Despite effects from wind shear, Erin continued to strengthen as it moved northwestward and was upgraded to a hurricane later on July 31. Further intensification occurred, and Erin reached winds of 85 mph km/h on before making landfall near Vero Beach, Florida, on August 1. The storm emerged over the Gulf of Mexico after weakening back to a tropical storm, though it quickly re-strengthened into a hurricane. Shortly before making landfall near Pensacola Beach, Florida on August 3, Erin briefly intensified into a Category 2 hurricane. After moving inland, Erin slowly weakened as it tracked across the Southern United States and Midwestern United States. By August 6, Erin merged with a frontal system over West Virginia.AL051995_Erin Preliminary Report: Hurricane Erin Edward N. Rappaport November 26, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF Erin was the first hurricane to strike the United States since Hurricane Andrew in 1992. In Jamaica, the outer bands of Erin produced heavy rainfall on the island, which caused a plane crash, killing five people; two other fatalities occurred when two people were struck by lightning.https://gleaner.newspaperarchive.com/kingston-gleaner/1995-08-04/page-5/ Plane Crash August 4, 1995 5 The Gleaner Kingston, Jamaica January 4, 2020 Newspaperarchive.com Although many islands in the Bahamas experienced high winds and heavy rainfall, damage associated with Erin was fairly minor. Offshore of Florida, nine people drowned, three of which occurred after a cruise ship sunk. Over land, high winds produced by Erin damaged over 2,000 houses, most of which were in the Florida Panhandle. In addition, strong winds left over one million people without electricity. Several tornadoes were spawned in the state, causing damage. In Alabama, more than 100 houses were damaged by Erin. Between 50 and 75 percent of the pecan crop in Baldwin County was lost. Similar impact also occurred in Mississippi, although to a lesser degree.http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/erin/preloc/mobile.gif Preliminary Storm Report for Hurricane Erin Gary Beeler 1995 National Weather Service Mobile, Alabama August 12, 2016 Mobile, Alabama Elsewhere, some areas of the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States experienced heavy rainfall.David M. Roth August 30, 2007 Hurricane Erin – August 1-7, 1995 Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/dean1995.html College Park, Maryland Overall, Erin caused 16 fatalities and $700 million in damage. Tropical Depression Six Atl 06L 1995-08-06 2115Z.png 06L 1995 path.png August 5 August 7 30 1002 The southern part of the tropical wave that spawned Hurricane Erin continued into the Caribbean Sea in late July. By August 4, the system entered the Bay of Campeche and developed into Tropical Depression Six on August 5. The depression moved slowly over Mexico and gradually intensified that day and August 6. Satellite intensity estimated showed the depression was likely just below the threshold of tropical storm status. However, late on August 6, the depression made landfall in Cabo Rojo, Veracruz. The depression slowly weakened inland and dissipated late on August 7.AL061995_Six Brief Information about Tropical Depression Six Richard J. Pasch January 10, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration March 10, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF The depression and the precursor tropical wave dropped heavy rainfall in some areas of Mexico. Precipitation from the precursor system peaked at 14.45 in mm on in Escuintla, Chiapas, while rainfall from the depression itself peaked at 12 in mm on in Tlaxco, Puebla.http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/td06aof1995.html Tropical Depression Six - August 3-7, 1995 David M. Roth October 8, 2008 Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration March 10, 2016 College Park, Maryland Some localized flooding may have occurred near the path of the depression. Hurricane Felix Atl Felix 1995-08-12 1915Z.png Felix 1995 path.png August 8 August 22 120 929 Hurricane Felix (1995) A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on August 6 developed into Tropical Depression Seven on August 8 while located about 460 mi km on west-southwest of the Cape Verde Islands. The depression moved west-northwestward due to a subtropical ridge and deepened into Tropical Storm Felix later that day. Further intensification was slower, with Felix reaching hurricane status on August 11. Due to warm sea surface temperatures and light wind shear, Felix began to rapidly strengthen as it was curving northwestward. Late on August 12, Felix peaked with maximum sustained winds of 140 mph km/h on and a minimum barometric pressure of 929 mbar inHg on. Felix weakened over the next few days back to a Category 1 hurricane on August 14, after an eyewall replacement cycle and an increase in wind shear.AL071995_Felix Preliminary Report: Hurricane Felix B. Max Mayfield Jack L. Beven November 19, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration March 10, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF The storm posed a significant threat to Bermuda, warranting a hurricane warning between August 14 and August 15. During the latter date, Felix passed only 75 mi km on to the southwest of the island. Continuing on its northwest trek, the cyclone also temporarily prompted preparations along the East Coast of the United States. However, the storm curved northward and then east-northeastward while remaining offshore. Felix briefly threatened Bermuda again, but turned back to the northeast and weakened to a tropical storm on August 20. It accelerated east-northeastward and passed a short distance offshore of Newfoundland, where it transitioned into an extratropical storm on August 22. The remnants of Felix continued northeastward across the Atlantic until dissipating near Shetland on August 25. Large waves in Puerto Rico caused minor coastal flooding in Cataño.37 8 Storm Data Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena 12, 17, 59, 64, 65, 90, 91, 92 August 1995 0039-1972 National Climatic Data Center March 10, 2016 http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-5744531F-8FAD-4E6D-8D2D-2B3CFEC6F8D5.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20160310164909/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-5744531F-8FAD-4E6D-8D2D-2B3CFEC6F8D5.pdf March 10, 2016 Asheville, North Carolina On Bermuda, the storm produced near-hurricane-force winds, which downed trees and power lines, and left 20,000 people without power. Rough surf was also reported on Bermuda, which damaged a few boats and hotels.http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/felix/news/ap0816p1.gif Felix Stationary: 250 Miles Northwest of Bermuda Paul Egan August 16, 1995 Associated Press March 10, 2016 In addition, the passage of Felix postponed Bermuda's 1995 independence referendum. In the United States, Felix generated large waves from northeast Florida to Maine. In New York, two houses were washed away in The Hamptons, while 20 to 30 houses in North Carolina experienced minor damage from rough seas. While passing southeast of Newfoundland, Felix produced moderate rainfall and large waves across the island, although damage was minimal.http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=52C21D1F-1 1995-Felix September 14, 2010 Environment Canada May 19, 2021 March 13, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130313110449/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=52C21D1F-1 Overall, Felix caused eight deaths due to drowning along the coasts of North Carolina and New Jersey, and $132,000 in damage. Tropical Storm Gabrielle Atl Gabrielle 1995-08-11 1530Z.png Gabrielle 1995 path.png August 9 August 12 60 988 Tropical Storm Gabrielle (1995) A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa in late July 1995 and entered the Gulf of Mexico on August 8. On the following day, the system developed a weak low-level circulation and was declared Tropical Depression Eight while in the western Gulf of Mexico. The depression quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Gabrielle on August 10. Gabrielle continued to rapidly strengthen as it tracked toward the coast of Mexico, nearly becoming a hurricane late on August 11. However, Gabrielle made landfall near La Pesca, Tamaulipas, Mexico two hours later, which prevented further strengthening. Gabrielle rapidly weakened inland and dissipated early on August 12.AL081995_Gabrielle Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Gabrielle Miles B. Lawrence December 1, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF Gabrielle dropped heavy rainfall in Mexico, where some areas possibly experienced more than 24 in mm on of precipitation. However, according to the Weather Prediction Center (WPC), rainfall peaked at 19.44 in mm on in southern Tamaulipas.The Dallas Morning News August 14, 1995 Mexicans clean up after Tropical Storm Gabrielle http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DM&p_theme=dm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0ED3D5EA1315BCB7&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM August 12, 2016 Monterrey, Nuevo León Despite the large amounts of precipitation, it was considered beneficial due to drought conditions in some areas, especially in Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon. However, in other nearby areas, the heavy rainfall flooded streets and destroyed roadways and bridges. Further north, Gabrielle dropped light to moderate rainfall in Texas.David M. Roth January 27, 2007 Tropical Storm Gabrielle – August 9-August 14, 1995 Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/gabrielle1995.html College Park, Maryland Gabrielle caused six fatalities in Mexico, while the damage figure is unknown. Hurricane Humberto Atl Humberto 1995-08-24 1515Z.jpg Humberto 1995 path.png August 22 September 1 95 968 On August 19, a tropical wave crossed over Dakar, Senegal, shortly before entering into the Atlantic Ocean. The wave quickly organized once in the Atlantic and developed into Tropical Depression Nine on August 22.AL091995_Humberto Preliminary Report: Hurricane Humberto Lixion A. Avila November 15, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF Due to low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Humberto six hours later.Richard J. Pasch B. Max Mayfield August 22, 1995 Tropical Storm Humberto Discussion Number 3 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/humberto/tropdisc/nal0995.003 It continued west-northwestward and then westward under the influence of a mid-level trough. Early on August 23, Humberto intensified into a hurricane. By early on August 24 the storm developed a well-defined eye after becoming a Category 2 hurricane.Edward N. Rappaport August 24, 1995 Hurricane Humberto Discussion Number 10 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/humberto/tropdisc/nal0995.010 After peaking with winds of 110 mph km/h on on August 24, Humberto began a Fujiwhara interaction with Hurricane Iris. This generated shear on Humberto, causing the storm to weaken back to a Category 1 hurricane on August 26.Edward N. Rappaport August 25, 1995 Hurricane Humberto Discussion Number 15 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/humberto/tropdisc/nal0995.015 Humberto continued to weaken until August 28, when it was barely a hurricane. Operationally, Humberto was erroneously downgraded to a tropical storm on that same day.B. Max Mayfield August 28, 1995 Hurricane Humberto Discussion Number 25 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/humberto/tropdisc/nal0995.025 Thereafter, the storm began restrengthening and reached a secondary peak slightly below the threshold for a Category 2 hurricane on August 30. While tracking northeastward, Humberto began weakening and acquiring extratropical characteristics starting on the following day.http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/humberto/tropdisc/nal0995.038 Hurricane Humberto Discussion Number 38 Steve Lyons August 31, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida Later on August 31, Humberto weakened to a tropical storm. By 06:00 UTC on September 1, the storm was absorbed by an extratropical low while west of the Azores. Humberto was the second of four tropical waves in quick succession in the tropical Atlantic that all eventually became tropical storms or hurricanes; it was preceded by the wave that became Iris, and followed by the waves that became Karen and Luis. It was also the first of three tropical cyclones to form within a 24-hour period on August 21 and 22; Iris formed 12 hours later and Jerry formed 18 hours later. It was also the first of five named storms to form within a seven-day period; Karen formed on August 26 and Luis on August 28. Hurricane Iris Atl Iris 1995-08-31 1815Z (alt).jpg Iris 1995 path.png August 22 September 4 95 965 Hurricane Iris (1995) A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa on August 16. It rapidly developed a closed circulation, though convection diminished a few days after the wave entered the Atlantic. However, convection began to re-develop and by 12:00 UTC on August 22, the system developed into Tropical Depression Ten. Six hours later, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Iris. Thereafter, Iris continued to intensify and became a hurricane later on August 23. After reaching winds of 85 mph km/h on, the storm began to weaken during a Fujiwhara interaction with Hurricane Humberto, causing Iris to be downgraded to a tropical storm on August 24. Iris continued to steadily weaken as it approached the Lesser Antilles. After making a direct hit on Saint Lucia and Martinique on August 26, steering currents produced by a trough forced Iris north-northwestward; this caused it to brush Dominica and Guadeloupe and make landfall in Antigua and Barbuda on August 27. Around the time, Iris began restrengthening due to a decrease in wind shear and became a hurricane again on August 28. It is possible that the forward motion of the storm became slightly erratic after a Fujiwhara interaction began with Tropical Storm Karen. By September 1, Iris peaked as a 110 mph km/h on Category 2 hurricane. After curving north-northeastward, Iris began to weaken after encountering increasing wind shear and decreasing sea surface temperatures. Nonetheless, it was still able to absorb Tropical Depression Karen on September 3. By early on the following day, Iris weakened to a tropical storm, six hours before becoming extratropical, while centered southeast of Newfoundland.AL101995_Iris Preliminary Report: Hurricane Iris Edward N. Rappaport November 2, 2000 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 12, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF While crossing through the Leeward Islands, Iris produced heavy rainfall. High waves in Trinidad caused coastal flooding and damage to boats.C. B. Daniel R. Maharaj Tropical Cyclones Affecting Trinidad and Tobago, 1725 to 2000 Trinidad and Tobago Meteorological Service May 2001 14 http://www.docstoc.com/docs/39273220/TROPICAL-CYCLONES-AFFECTING-TRINIDAD-AND-TOBAGO-1725-TO-2000 May 5, 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20150626132046/http://www.docstoc.com/docs/39273220/TROPICAL-CYCLONES-AFFECTING-TRINIDAD-AND-TOBAGO-1725-TO-2000 June 26, 2015 In Martinique, significant amounts of precipitation led to flooding and landslides. Four fatalities were reported on that island, two of which occurred after mudslides push a house off a cliff. Flooding was also reported in coastal areas, resulting in heavy damage in Le Vauclin.Javier Maymi Associated Press August 28, 1995 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MKFTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=oIcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4931,1854523&dq=tropical+iris&hl=en The Bryan Times Tropical Storm Iris is cause of at least three deaths in Caribbean San Juan, Puerto Rico On Guadeloupe, the only island to record tropical storm force winds, one fatality occurred after a person drowned in a flooded river. Rainfall in Antigua damaged banana trees and caused flooding in low-lying areas. Tropical Storm Jerry Atl Jerry 1995-08-23 1531Z.png Jerry 1995 path.png August 22 August 28 35 1002 Tropical Storm Jerry (1995) A tropical wave which emerged off of Africa began convective organization in the vicinity of the Bahamas. On August 23, the system was declared Tropical Depression Eleven while located between Florida and Andros Island. The depression strengthened as it headed north-northwestward, despite only marginally favorable conditions. On the following day, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Jerry while located only 33 mi km on offshore Florida. At 18:00 UTC on August 23, the storm made landfall later near Jupiter, Florida, as a minimal tropical storm with winds of 40 mph km/h on. Jerry slowly weakened and was downgraded to a tropical depression late on August 24. After drifting across Florida, the cyclone briefly emerged over the Gulf of Mexico, but then headed northward and back inland. Jerry meandered over Georgia and eventually dissipated on August 28.AL111995_Jerry Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Jerry Richard J. Pasch January 31, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF Jerry dropped heavy rainfall in Florida, especially in the southern portion of the state, where 16.8 in mm on of precipitation fell in Golden Gate. Although the storm struck the east coast of the state, much of the damage in Florida occurred in Collier County. In that county, 340 houses were damaged and 12 others were destroyed due to flooding. Other nearby counties also reported flood damage, albeit less severe. Agricultural damage was also reported in southwest Florida, primarily to citrus crops. The storm also spawned two tornadoes in West Central Florida, though neither caused any damage. Heavy rainfall also occurred in Georgia, with some areas experiencing over 12 in mm of rain. The remnants of Jerry produced heavy precipitation in North and South Carolina, with 18.51 in mm on observed in Antreville, South Carolina. In both states, many roads were flooded and numerous buildings and houses were damaged, especially in the Charlotte and Raleigh areas of North Carolina. Overall, there were eight fatalities and $40 million in damage associated with Jerry. Tropical Storm Karen Atl Karen 1995-08-28 1415Z.png Karen 1995 path.png August 26 September 3 45 1000 On August 23, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. Shortly after entering the Atlantic, the tropical wave developed into a low-pressure area. Over the next few days, the cloud pattern associated with the system fluctuated in organization and a tropical depression may have developed as early as August 24. Two days later, satellite imagery indicated a well-defined low-level cloud center. As a result, it is estimated that Tropical Depression Twelve developed at 12:00 UTC on August 26. The depression slowly intensified as it tracked west-northwestward under the influence of low- to mid-level flow.AL121995_Karen Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Karen B. Max Mayfield November 19, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF Although sea surface temperatures were warm, outflow from Hurricane Humberto may have slowed further strengthening of the depression.B. Max Mayfield August 27, 1995 Tropical Depression Twelve Discussion Number 4 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/karen/tropdisc/nal1295.004 The depression finally began to develop bands north of the center on August 27,Steve Lyons August 27, 1995 Tropical Depression Twelve Discussion Number 5 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/karen/tropdisc/nal1295.005 though overall, the deep convection remained disorganized; the circulation of the depression also became elongated.Steve Lyons August 27, 1995 Tropical Depression Twelve Discussion Number 6 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/karen/tropdisc/nal1295.006 Around 06:00 UTC on August 28, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Karen. Early on the following day, Karen peaked with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph km/h on. By August 31, Karen north-northwestward around the circulation of Hurricane Iris and thus, a Fujiwhara interaction began. As the storm was approaching Iris, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began predicting on September 1 that Karen would merge with the former.Miles B. Lawrence September 1, 1995 Tropical Storm Karen Discussion Number 5 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/karen/tropdisc/nal1295.026 On the following day, Karen weakened to a tropical depression. Early on September 3, Karen lost its well-defined center and merged with Iris at 06:00 UTC, while centered near Bermuda. Hurricane Luis Atl File:Luis 1995-09-04 1715Z.png Luis 1995 path.png August 28 September 11 130 935 Hurricane Luis Meteorological history of Hurricane Luis A westward-moving tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Thirteen at 18:00 UTC on August 28. Initially, strong vertical shear hindered the depression from strengthening significantly; by early on August 29, however, it acquired sufficient organization to be named Tropical Storm Luis. The storm continued to strengthen slowly until wind shear decreased on August 30, causing Luis to become a hurricane later that day. By September 1, Luis became a major hurricane after it reached Category 3 intensity. Later that day, Luis was further upgraded to a Category 4 hurricane. Early on September 3, maximum sustained winds reached 150 mph km/h on, though the lowest pressure in relation to Luis was not recorded until September 8. After weakening slightly, Luis passed near Antigua and made landfall in Barbuda early on September 5, before brushing Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, and Anguilla. After remaining a major hurricane for a week, Luis weakened to a Category 2 hurricane while northeast of the Bahamas on September 8;AL131995_Luis Preliminary Report: Hurricane Luis Miles B. Lawrence January 8, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF the weakening was possibly as a result of the storm crossing over decreasing ocean temperature due to upwelling from Hurricane Felix.Edward N. Rappaport September 8, 1995 Hurricane Luis Discussion Number 46 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/luis/tropdisc/nal1395.048Lixion A. Avila September 9, 1995 Hurricane Luis Discussion Number 48 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/luis/tropdisc/nal1395.048 On September 10, Luis rapidly accelerated northeastward and weakened to a Category 1 hurricane. Luis made landfall on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland early on September 11. While crossing the island, cold, dry air began impacting the storm, causing it to rapidly become extratropical and merge with a frontal zone shortly after reentering the Atlantic Ocean.Richard J. Pasch September 11, 1995 Hurricane Luis Discussion Number 56 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/luis/tropdisc/nal1395.056 Strong winds and high waves wreaked havoc on several islands in the Lesser Antilles. In Antigua and Barbuda, winds reaching 141 mph km/h on damaged numerous houses on Barbuda and destroyed nearly 45% of residences on Antigua. An estimated 1,700 people were forced to flee to shelters and about 3,200 others were left homeless. Within Antigua and Barbuda alone, three fatalities occurred, 165 people were injured, and damage totaled to $350 million.http://wwwnotes.reliefweb.int/w/RWB.NSF/480fa8736b88bbc3c12564f6004c8ad5/7624d5bf35490a98c125658a003861bb?OpenDocument Caribbean - Hurricane Luis Sep 1995 UN DHA Situation Reports 1-10 September 7, 1995 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ReliefWeb September 25, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183329/http://wwwnotes.reliefweb.int/w/RWB.NSF/480fa8736b88bbc3c12564f6004c8ad5/7624d5bf35490a98c125658a003861bb?OpenDocument September 27, 2007 Strong winds in Guadeloupe caused moderate damage to homes and trees, especially in the Grande-Terre region. At Basse-Terre, nearly 100% of the banana crop was destroyed. Heavy rainfall in this portion of the island caused significant damage to roads. High waves also caused significant coastal flooding on the west coast of the island.http://infoterre.brgm.fr/rapports/RR-38790-FR.pdf Conséquences du passage des cyclones Iris, Luis et Marylin aux Antilles françaises (Guadeloupe et Martinique) December 1995 fr September 25, 2016 Marseille, France About $50 million in damage was reported and one fatality occurred.Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters 2016 September 25, 2016 International Disaster Database http://www.emdat.be/database September 6, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160906135830/http://www.emdat.be/database dead The most significant effects occurred in the Netherlands Antilles, especially on Saint Martin – including both the French and Dutch side of the island. Approximately 60% of buildings were damaged to some degree. Additionally, severe disruption to utility services was reported, including water, electricity, and telephone service.https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1995/09/07/luis-kills-13-skirts-past-puerto-rico-likely-to-turn-north/ Luis Kills 13, Skirts Past Puerto Rico, Likely To Turn North E.A. Torriero September 7, 1995 Orlando Sentinel September 25, 2016 Fajardo, Puerto Rico Nine deaths and $1.8 billion in damage was reported on the island. In Dominica, storm surge left 1,000 people homeless and $47 million in property losses.http://reliefweb.int/report/dominica/dominica-hurricane-situation-report-no4 Dominica - Hurricane Situation Report No.4 October 12, 1995 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ReliefWeb September 25, 2016 Winds exceeding 100 mph km/h on caused severe impact in eastern Puerto Rico, especially Culebra. The area was left without electricity and 350 houses were extensively damaged or destroyed. On the main island, effects were primarily limited to downed trees and power lines on highways and electrical outages at about 200,000 houses. Throughout Puerto Rico, damaged reached $200 million and there were two deaths. Similarly strong winds lashed the United States Virgin Islands. Saint Thomas suffered the worst, where 75%–80% of houses were severely damaged or destroyed. The island's hospital was flooded. Damage in the United States Virgin Islands was estimated at $300 million.https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/17/us/damage-heavy-as-hurricane-ravages-island-of-st-thomas.html Damage Heavy as Hurricane Ravages Island of St. Thomas September 17, 1995 Mireya Navarro The New York Times September 25, 2016 Miami, Florida Lesser effects occurred in the British Virgin Islands. Several homes were deroofed, especially on Anegada and Virgin Gorda. There were a number of telephone and electrical outages after a number of poles were toppled.http://www.cdemavl.org/bitstream/123456789/66/2/Summary%20of%20Impact%20of%20Hcane%20Luis%20on%20CDERA%20PS%20-%20Oct%206,%201995.pdf Summary of Impact of Hurricane "Luis" on CDERA Participating States October 6, 1995 Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago September 25, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160927012146/http://www.cdemavl.org/bitstream/123456789/66/2/Summary%20of%20Impact%20of%20Hcane%20Luis%20on%20CDERA%20PS%20-%20Oct%206,%201995.pdf September 27, 2016 dead In the United States, storm surge and high tides were reported along the East Coast, leading to two drowning deaths—one in North Carolina and the other in New York. In the former state, eight homes were swept into the ocean and damage reached $1.9 million.37 9 Storm Data Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena 34 and 35 September 1995 0039-1972 National Climatic Data Center September 25, 2016 http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-64AD0B9E-FDA4-44ED-87EE-EF9D141FA00D.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20160925053856/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-64AD0B9E-FDA4-44ED-87EE-EF9D141FA00D.pdf September 25, 2016 Asheville, North Carolina The storm also brought minor flooding to Newfoundland, with one death and $500,000 in damage.http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=03C70EF1-1 1995-Luis September 14, 2010 Environment Canada May 19, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20130313110513/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=03C70EF1-1 March 13, 2013 In addition, Luis was the earliest twelfth-named storm on record at the time. However, this record has since been broken by Hurricane Laura in 2020.https://www.naplesnews.com/story/weather/2020/08/21/tropical-storm-laura-earliest-named-breaking-records/3407028001/ Tropical Storm Laura is already breaking records Laura Jazmin Tolliver-Jackson August 21, 2020 Naples Daily News May 19, 2021 Tropical Depression Fourteen Atl 14L 1995-09-10 1845Z.png 14L 1995 path.png September 9 September 13 30 1008 A tropical wave exited the coast of Africa on September 4 and tracked westward across the Atlantic. The system gradually organized and became a tropical depression on September 9. However, the NHC did not operationally declare the system as Tropical Depression Fourteen until September 11, while the system was centered 950 mi km on southeast of Bermuda.Jerry D. Jarrell September 11, 1995 Tropical Depression Discussion Number 1 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/td14/tropdisc/nal1495.001 Although the National Hurricane Center predicted that it would intensify into a tropical storm, it was also noted shortly after advisories were initiated that "this might have been the only opportunity to name this depression."Jerry D. Jarrell September 11, 1995 Tropical Depression Discussion Number 2 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/td14/tropdisc/nal1495.002 The depression moved toward the northwest and encountered strong upper-level winds which removed the convection from the low-level center on September 13, causing the storm to dissipate.AL141995_Fourteen Preliminary Report: Tropical Depression Fourteen Lixion A. Avila January 8, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF Hurricane Marilyn Atl Marilyn 1995-09-16 1720Z.png Marilyn 1995 path.png September 12 September 22 100 949 Hurricane Marilyn A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa and entered into the Atlantic Ocean between September 7 and September 8. Although it had a large circulation, deep convection was minimal. After tracking steadily westward over the next few days, the system began developing convection. By 18:00 UTC on September 12, the system became Tropical Depression Fifteen, while centered about 585 mi km on east-southeast of Barbados. The depression strengthened and became Tropical Storm Marilyn six hours later. Early on September 14, Marilyn further intensified to a hurricane. Later that day, Marilyn made landfall near Jenny Point, Dominica, with winds of 80 mph km/h on at 21:00 UTC. Shortly thereafter, Marilyn entered the Caribbean Sea. While approaching the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, the storm became a Category 2 hurricane. After avoiding landfall, Marilyn re-entered into the Atlantic Ocean on September 16. The storm continued to intensify and early on September 17, it peaked as a minimal Category 3 hurricane. While curving northward, Marilyn fluctuated in intensity until beginning a weakening trend on September 20. The storm turned east-northeastward, and by the following day, it weakened to a tropical storm. By 06:00 UTC on September 22, Marilyn became extratropical while about 315 mi km on southeast of Sable Island. The remnants of Marilyn lasted until merging with a cold front on October 1.AL151995_Marilyn Preliminary Report: Hurricane Marilyn Edward N. Edward January 17, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF Throughout the Lesser Antilles, the storm produced high winds and heavy rainfall. After Hurricane Luis destroyed 90% of Dominica's banana crop, Marilyn ruined the remaining 10%. In addition, a roof was torn off an emergency shelter.http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/marilyn/news/mh0916p2.gif Hurricane Marilyn pounds U.S. islands Arnold Markowitz September 16, 1995 The Miami Herald May 4, 2012 On Martinique, moderate rainfall and tropical storm force winds were recorded, though no damage or fatalities occurred. Effects in Guadeloupe were similar, but more intense. In Saint-Claude, 20 in mm on of rain fell, which was the highest precipitation total associated with Marilyn. Wind speeds measured on Guadeloupe were also tropical storm force, with sustained winds of 59 mph km/h on in Marie-Galante. Similar but lesser winds and rain occurred in Saint Barthélemy and Sint Maarten. However, the United States possessions, were, by far, suffered the most damage. Strong winds damaged or destroyed at least 80% of buildings on St. Thomas, which left 10,000 people homeless. Storm surge in the Charlotte Amalie harbor beached the USCGC Point Ledge and damaged many smaller boats.United States Coast Guard December 21, 2016 September - Daily Chronology of Coast Guard History May 19, 2021 https://www.history.uscg.mil/research/chronology/ Moderate to severe damage was also reported on St. Croix and St. John, where 20–30% of houses were damaged.http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/marilyn/preloc/pshsju03.gif Preliminary Storm Report - Hurricane Marilyn October 31, 1995 National Weather Service San Juan, Puerto Rico National Hurricane Center 3 May 4, 2012 San Juan, Puerto Rico On Culebra, an offshore island of Puerto Rico, wind gusts as high as 125 mph km/h on were reported. As a result, light planes were overturned and 250 homes were either damaged or destroyed. Large waves also caused street flooding on the island. Flash floods on the main island of Puerto Rico sent rivers above their banks. Moderate winds and rainfall on Antigua caused extensive damage to banana crops. While the storm bypassed Bermuda, tropical storm force winds were reported but no damage occurred. Overall, Marilyn caused at least 13 fatalities and $2.1 billion in damage.Costliest U.S. tropical cyclones tables updated https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/UpdatedCostliest.pdf National Hurricane Center January 26, 2018 February 4, 2018 Miami, Florida Hurricane Noel Atl Noel 1995-09-28 1515Z.png Noel 1995 path.png September 26 October 7 65 987 A tropical wave exited Africa on September 22 and within three days began to develop organized convection. After a low-level circulation formed, the system developed into Tropical Depression Sixteen late on September 26.AL161995_Noel Preliminary Report: Hurricane Noel Richard J. Pasch February 1, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF Despite the presence of wind shear, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Noel on September 27.Lixion A. Avila September 27, 1995 Tropical Storm Noel Discussion Number 3 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/noel/public/pal1695.003 Moving northwestward, it gradually intensified to hurricane status by September 28, with peak winds of 75 mph km/h on. After remaining a hurricane for 42 hours, during which it turned to the northeast, Noel weakened to tropical storm strength due to increased wind shear.Miles B. Lawrence September 29, 1995 Hurricane Noel Discussion Number 10 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/noel/public/pal1695.010 Although forecast to weaken to a tropical depression,Edward N. Rapport September 30, 1995 Hurricane Noel Discussion Number 17 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 29, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/noel/public/pal1695.017 Noel maintained minimal tropical storm intensity as it curved to the northwest. Following a decrease in shear, Noel regained hurricane status on October 5 about 950 mi km on west-southwest of the Azores. It turned to the east, and the return of unfavorable conditions caused it to weaken to a tropical storm by October 6.Miles B. Lawrence October 6, 1995 Tropical Storm Noel Discussion Number 38 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/noel/public/pal1695.003 A day later, Noel weakened below tropical storm strength as it transitioned to an extratropical cyclone. The remnants lasted until late on October 7 until they were absorbed by a cold front. Hurricane Opal Atl Opal 1995-10-04 0815Z.jpg Opal 1995 path.png September 27 October 5 130 916 Hurricane Opal On September 11, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. The wave remained disorganized until nearing the Yucatán Peninsula, where it became a tropical depression on September 27 while 80 mi km on south-southeast of Cozumel. The depression slowly moved over the Yucatán Peninsula for a few days, eventually emerging off the north coast, where it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Opal on September 30. After becoming a hurricane on October 2, the cyclone rapidly intensified and began moving north across the Gulf of Mexico. At 10:00 UTC on October 4, Opal peaked as a Category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 150 mi/h km/h on and a minimum barometric pressure of 916 mbar inHg on. Shortly thereafter, the storm began weakening. Upon making landfall in Pensacola Beach, Florida, around 22:00 UTC on October 4, winds had decreased to 115 mph km/h on, which is Category 3 intensity. Opal weakened rapidly after moving inland, deteriorating to a tropical storm early on October 5 and then to a tropical depression about six hours later. At 18:00 UTC on October 5, Opal became extratropical over Kentucky. The extratropical storm dissipated over Ontario on October 6.AL171995_Opal Preliminary Report: Hurricane Opal B. Max Mayfield September 9, 2014 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF The precursor and initial stages of Opal brought heavy rainfall and flooding to Guatemala and Mexico. In the former, rivers near the border with Mexico overflowed, resulting in the evacuation of 110 families in Tecún Umán. Approximately 34,000 people were left homeless. Landslides left damage to infrastructure and agriculture, with about $17 million in crop damage alone. Thirty-one deaths occurred in Guatemala.http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/opal/news/mexico.gif 31 muertos por mal tiempo en Guatemala 1995 EFE September 16, 2016 Guatemala City, Guatemala In Mexico, more than 42,000 people were forced to evacuate as rivers overtopped their banks in Campeche and Tabasco, while an estimated 100,000 people evacuated due to the storm.Joseph B. Frazier Associated Press October 3, 1995 At Least Seven Dead as Hurricane Heads North Toward U.S Veracruz, Mexico (Accessed through LexisNexis) Around 500,000 acres of crops had been destroyed by the floods.Sara Silver Associated Press October 1, 1995 Opal Floods Yucatan Peninsula Mexico City, Mexico (Accessed through LexisNexis) Agricultural losses in Campeche alone were estimated in the hundreds of millions of dollars.United Press International October 3, 1995 Yucatan peninsula cut off by floods Campeche, Mexico (Accessed through LexisNexis) Nineteen fatalities were reported in Mexico. In Florida, strong winds and storm surge left severe damage in the panhandle. From Wakulla County westward, many structures including homes and buildings were swept away or suffered some degree of damage. In Escambia, Okaloosa, and Santa Rosa counties, nearly 300 homes were destroyed and 1,000 others suffered major damage. The storm left at least $2.1 billion in damage in Florida.37 10 Storm Data Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena 12, 14, 24–26, 31–33, 36, 38, 40–42, 45–46, 49–51, 53–55, 57, 59–60, 64–65, 67–68 October 1995 0039-1972 National Climatic Data Center September 26, 2016 http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-163972B3-642D-449E-93DB-866BBCAAB016.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20160926044220/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-163972B3-642D-449E-93DB-866BBCAAB016.pdf September 26, 2016 Asheville, North Carolina In Alabama, storm surge ranging from 4 to 7 ft m on left significant damage in coastal counties. Inland, tropical storm force winds gusts were observed as far north as Huntsville. Numerous trees and power lines were downed in several counties, leaving 2.6 million people across the state without electricity at the height of the storm. Downed trees also damaged some dwellings, primarily mobile homes. Several short-lived tornadoes destroyed over 125 homes, while 150 others suffered major damage. It was estimated that the storm caused over $182 million in damage in Alabama. Strong wind gusts were reported in northern Georgia, with a gust of 69 mph km/h on at Marietta.http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/techrpts/tr9502/tr9502.pdf Hurricane Opal Preliminary Report NOAA Technical Memorandum 95-02 4, 9 National Climatic Data Center November 1995 September 26, 2016 January 11, 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20070111044424/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/techrpts/tr9502/tr9502.pdf dead There were more than 1,200 telephone poles knocked down and almost 5,000 power lines snapped. Wind damage in Rabun County alone reached about $5 million, while the pecan crop suffered around $50 million in damage. Several other states reported lesser wind damage and flooding. Throughout the United States, Opal caused approximately $4.7 billion in damage and 27 fatalities, including 14 in Georgia, 6 in Alabama, 5 in Florida, and 2 in North Carolina.http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/nws-nhc-6.pdf The deadliest, costliest and most intense United States tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2010 (and other frequently requested hurricane facts) September 16, 2016 August 10, 2011 NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC-6 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Eric S. Blake Christopher W. Landsea Ethan J. Gibney National Hurricane Center Tropical Storm Pablo Atl Pablo 1995-10-05 1415Z.png Pablo 1995 path.png October 4 October 8 50 994 A tropical wave crossed the west coast of Africa and entered into the Atlantic Ocean on October 3. It quickly acquired a low-level circulation and by the following day, it developed into Tropical Depression Eighteen. Under the influence of deep easterlies, the storm tracked west-northwest and westward across the southern portions of the Atlantic Ocean.AL181995_Pablo Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Pablo Miles B. Lawrence December 4, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF At 12:00 UTC on October 5, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Pablo. After becoming a tropical storm, Pablo developed well-defined outflow and the possibility of it strengthening into a hurricane seemed likely.Richard J. Pasch October 5, 1995 Tropical Storm Pablo Discussion Number 4 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/pablo/tropdisc/nal1895.004 Although strong upper-level westerlies were ahead of the storm, it was still predicted that Pablo would reach hurricane status.Miles B. Lawrence October 6, 1995 Tropical Storm Pablo Discussion Number 6 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/pablo/tropdisc/nal1895.006 By 12:00 UTC on October 6, Pablo peaked as a 60 mph km/h on tropical storm. However, shortly thereafter, strong vertical shear then diminished much of the deep convection associated with the storm.Edward N. Rappaport October 6, 1995 Tropical Storm Pablo Discussion Number 7 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/pablo/tropdisc/nal1895.007 Early on October 7, Pablo managed to re-develop some deep convection, though it did not restrengthen.Lixion A. Avila October 7, 1995 Tropical Storm Pablo Discussion Number 9 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/pablo/tropdisc/nal1895.009 Later that day, the low level circulation became indiscernible on infrared imagery.Miles B. Lawrence October 7, 1995 Tropical Storm Pablo Discussion Number 10 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/pablo/tropdisc/nal1895.010 By 12:00 UTC on October 8, Pablo weakened to a tropical depression. Six hours later, Pablo dissipated while approaching the Windward Islands. Hurricane Roxanne Atl Roxanne 1995-10-10 1745Z.png Roxanne 1995 path.png October 7 October 21 100 956 Hurricane Roxanne A tropical wave merged with a broad low pressure area and an upper trough near Honduras. The system quickly organized into Tropical Depression Nineteen on October 7. The depression brushed Central America before curving northward, where it strengthened into Tropical Storm Roxanne on October 9. Roxanne posed a threat to Cuba and the Cayman Islands, which briefly prompted the issuance of a tropical storm warning and a hurricane watch. However, a high pressure system forced Roxanne to tracked generally westward, which prevented it from significantly affecting the Cayman Islands. After becoming a hurricane on October 10, Roxanne began to rapidly strengthen. Later that day, the storm peaked as a minimal Category 3 hurricane, with winds of 115 mph km/h on.AL191995_Roxanne Preliminary Report: Hurricane Roxanne Lixion A. Avila November 29, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF By 02:00 UTC on October 11, Roxanne made landfall just north of Tulum, Quintana Roo, on the Yucatán Peninsula with winds of 115 mph km/h on. The storm significantly weakened inland and emerged into the Bay of Campeche as a tropical storm. Several shortwave troughs and ridges caused Roxanne to track aimlessly through the southern Gulf of Mexico. By October 14, it re-strengthened into a hurricane. After making a close approach to the Yucatán Peninsula while heading southeastward, Roxanne weakened to a tropical storm on October 17 as it doubled back to the northwest. A cold front forced Roxanne westward on October 19, and it simultaneously weakened to a tropical depression. The cyclone curved abruptly southward and dissipated just offshore of Veracruz on October 21. In the Gulf of Mexico, a petroleum work barge with 245 people on board capsized, causing five people to drown. Due to its erratic movement, Roxanne dropped heavy rainfall in many areas of southern Mexico, and some areas reported over 25 in mm of precipitation.http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/roxanne1995.html Hurricane Roxanne - October 9-21, 1995 David M. Roth January 27, 2007 Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Camp Springs, Maryland Extensive flooding occurred as a result, which destroyed crops, washed out roads, and damaged at least 40,000 homes. In addition, significant coastal flooding also occurred, as storm surge for nearly a week caused water to travel inland for hundreds of yards. High winds also occurred over the Yucatán Peninsula, with one station reporting hurricane-force winds on October 11. Unconfirmed reports also indicated that many hotel lobbies in Cancún and Cozumel were damaged from pounding waves. Overall, Roxanne caused $1.5 billion in damage and 29 fatalities. However, not all damage could be distinguished from Hurricane Opal. Tropical Storm Sebastien Atl Sebastien 1995-10-22 1345Z.png Sebastien 1995 path.png October 20 October 25 55 1001 A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on October 13 and moved across the Atlantic. On October 20, it was declared a depression after shower activity increased. Twelve hours after forming, the depression became Tropical Storm Sebastien.AL201995_Sebastien Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Sebastien Edward N. Rapport December 4, 1995 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF It organized and developed good outflow.Lixion A. Avila October 20, 1995 Tropical Storm Sebastien Discussion Number 2 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/sebastie/tropdisc/nal2095.002 Although wind shear was expected to limit intensification,Lixion A. Avila October 22, 1995 Tropical Storm Sebastien Discussion Number 8 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/sebastie/tropdisc/nal2095.008 the storm instead intensified and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 65 mph km/h on late on October 22, based on a ship report. At the time, most of the convection was sheared away from the center, and the storm was interacting with a low pressure area near Puerto Rico. The storm initially moved northwestward, before turning to the southwest along the low-level flow and into an area of increasing shear. On October 24, Sebastien weakened into a tropical depression, and it maintained this intensity until landfall on Anguilla. The next day, the system dissipated near the United States Virgin Islands, although the remnants continued westward. As it turned towards the Caribbean, the NHC issued a tropical storm watch for the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands. Other islands were on alert as the NHC stated that the watch area may need to be expanded.Reuters Daily News October 19, 1995 September 16, 2016 Tropical Storm Sebastien Swirls Towards Caribbean 21 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=i2ZTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=HoYDAAAAIBAJ&dq=tropical%20storm%20sebastien&pg=2508%2C2500022 Miami, Florida Still recovering from Hurricane Marilyn less than a month prior, residents living in damaged homes reportedly evacuated their homes.The Register-Guard October 24, 1995 September 16, 2016 2 Another storm takes aim at islands https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=S3MVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=G-sDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1209,5825377&dq=tropical+storm+sebastien&hl=en Charlotte Amalie, United States Virgin Islands However, the watch was discontinued 24 hours later after the storm weakened to a tropical depression. The remnants of Sebastien produced moderate rainfall across parts of Puerto Rico, peaking at 3.53 in mm on in Quebradillas. Hurricane Tanya Atl Tanya 1995-10-31 1415Z.png Tanya 1995 path.png October 27 November 1 75 972 Hurricane Tanya Early on October 27, a tropical wave developed into a tropical depression. The system strengthened into Tropical Storm Tanya later that day. Tanya initially tracked northeastward due to a shortwave trough, though an upper-level cyclone soon turned the storm toward eastward. Early on October 29, Tanya was upgraded to a hurricane. On the following day, a cold front to the west forced the cyclone to accelerate northeastward.AL211995_Tanya Preliminary Report: Hurricane Tanya Richard J. Pasch February 1, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida PDF Despite slightly cooler water,Edward N. Rappaport October 30, 1995 Hurricane Tanya Discussion Number 14 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/tanya/tropdisc/nal2195.014 Tanya strengthened a bit more that afternoon, reaching its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph km/h on and a minimum barometric pressure of 972 mbar inHg. That intensity was maintained until late on October 31, when the storm weakened as it traveled over cooler waters.Richard J. Pasch November 1, 1995 Hurricane Tanya Discussion Number 19 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 16, 2016 Miami, Florida http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1995/tanya/tropdisc/nal2195.019 Early on November 1, Tanya began to lose tropical characteristics while heading rapidly northeast towards the Azores. The system was downgraded to a tropical storm on November 1. That evening, Tanya became extratropical near the central Azores. The remnants turned northward and were absorbed by another extratropical cyclone early on November 3. In the Azores, Tanya tore roofs off houses and downed trees, and light posts flew through houses and buildings. One death by drowning was reported, as well as several injuries. The islands of Faial, Pico, São Jorge, and Terceira were hardest hit, where the storm sank numerous boats and knocked down trees and power lines, which severely disrupted electricity and telecommunications. Additionally, several houses were damaged and moderate crop losses were reported.European Parliament 1995 Resolution on Hurricane Tanya European Union September 16, 2016 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/dg7/calendrier/data/pv_adopt/en/text/951116EN.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20080623112207/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/dg7/calendrier/data/pv_adopt/en/text/951116EN.htm June 23, 2008 dead Storm names The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the north Atlantic in 1995.https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/HOPs-1995.pdf 37 NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research Washington, D.C. National Hurricane Operations Plan May 1995 January 19, 2024https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_6MpAAAAIBAJ&sjid=s_EDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3925,6962726&dq=allison+barry+chantal&hl=en Beware! Hurricane season nears Associated Press May 29, 1995 The Spokesman-Review October 4, 2011 This is the same list used for the 1989 season,http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/NHOP1989.pdf 37 NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research Washington, D.C. National Hurricane Operations Plan April 1989 January 17, 2024 except for Humberto, which replaced Hugo.Mulcahy Chris Brierton James September 16, 2019 Hurricane Humberto's connection to Hurricane Hugo https://www.wcnc.com/article/weather/hurricane/hurricane-central/hurricane-humberto-hugo-name/275-9a57fb66-7b8a-4e8b-9bed-b280a4d59f14 WCNC-TV Charlotte, North Carolina January 19, 2024 Storms were named Humberto, Luis, Marilyn, Noel, Opal, Pablo, Roxanne, Sebastien, and Tanya for the first (and in the cases of Luis, Marilyn, Opal, and Roxanne, only) time in 1995. Allison Barry Chantal Dean Erin Felix Gabrielle Humberto Iris Jerry Karen Luis Marilyn Noel Opal Pablo Roxanne Sebastien Tanya Van Wendy Retirement List of retired Atlantic hurricane names The World Meteorological Organization retired the names Luis, Marilyn, Opal, and Roxanne from the Atlantic hurricane name lists following the 1995 season due to their destructiveness. They were replaced for the 2001 season by Lorenzo, Michelle, Olga, and Rebekah.https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/NHOP-FCM-P12-2001.pdf 37 NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research Washington, D.C. National Hurricane Operations Plan May 2001 January 19, 2024http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/names.html https://web.archive.org/web/19971210185319/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/names.html December 10, 1997 Maher Brian Beven Jack World-wide Tropical Cyclone Names August 10, 1997 National Hurricane Center November 17, 2011 As of , the 1995 season is one of four seasons to have four storm names retired, along with: 1955, 2004, and 2017; only the 2005 season had morewith five names retired.Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames_history.shtml National Hurricane Center Miami, Florida January 17, 2024Fleming Melissa Hurricane Names Harvey, Irma, Maria and Nate Retired April 12, 2018 https://www.weathergamut.com/2018/04/12/hurricane-names-harvey-irma-maria-and-nate-retired/ www.weathergamut.com January 19, 2024 Season effects This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1995 USD. center 1995 North Atlantic tropical cyclone center cat1 Allison June 3 – 6 75 (120) 987 Cuba, Southeastern United States, East Coast of the United States $1.7 million 1 storm Barry July 5 – 10 70 (110) 989 Atlantic Canada None None storm Chantal July 12 – 22 70 (110) 991 Atlantic Canada None None storm Dean July 28 – August 2 45 (75) 999 Gulf Coast of the United States, Great Plains, Midwestern United States $500,000 None cat2 Erin July 31 – August 6 100 (165) 973 Southeastern United States, Midwestern United States, Mid-Atlantic states, New England $700 million 6 (10) depression Six August 5 – 7 35 (55) 1002 Mexico None None cat4 Felix August 8 – 22 140 (220) 929 Puerto Rico, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada $3.63 million 9 storm Gabrielle August 9 – 12 70 (110) 988 Mexico Unknown 6 cat2 Humberto August 21 – September 1 110 (175) 968 None None None cat2 Iris August 22 – September 4 110 (175) 965 Lesser Antilles Unknown 5 storm Jerry August 22 – 28 40 (65) 1002 Southeastern United States $40 million 6 (2) storm Karen August 26 – September 3 50 (85) 1000 None None None cat4 Luis August 28 – September 11 150 (240) 935 Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada $3.31 billion 19 depression Fourteen September 9 – 13 35 (55) 1008 None None None cat3 Marilyn September 12 – 22 115 (185) 949 Lesser Antilles, Virgin Islands, Bermuda $2.3 billion 13 cat1 Noel September 26 – October 7 75 (120) 987 None None None cat4 Opal September 27 – October 5 150 (240) 916 Guatemala, Mexico, Gulf Coast of the United States, Ohio River Valley, Ontario $4.7 billion 67 (10) storm Pablo October 4 – 8 60 (95) 994 None None None cat3 Roxanne October 7 – 21 115 (185) 956 Mexico $1.5 billion 29 storm Sebastien October 20 – 25 65 (100) 1001 Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico None None cat1 Tanya October 26 – November 1 85 (140) 972 Azores Unknown 1 21 June 3 – November 1 150 (240) 916 $12.56 billion 162 (23) See also Tropical cyclones Tropical cyclones in 1995 1995 Pacific hurricane season 1995 Pacific typhoon season 1995 North Indian Ocean cyclone season South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1994–95, 1995–96 Australian region cyclone seasons: 1994–95, 1995–96 South Pacific cyclone seasons: 1994–95, 1995–96 South Atlantic tropical cyclone Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone Notes nb References Further reading Landsea Christopher W. 1998 The Extremely Active 1995 Atlantic Hurricane Season: Environmental Conditions and Verification of Seasonal Forecasts Monthly Weather Review 126 5 1174–1193 https://zenodo.org/record/1234711 10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<1174:TEAAHS>2.0.CO;2 1998MWRv..126.1174L etal Bell Gerald D. Gray William M. Goldenberg Stanley B. free External links Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1995 1995 Atlantic Hurricane Season TCRs 1990 Atlantic hurricane 1995 Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines