1960 Turkish coup d'état

Military coup against Turkish Prime Minister Menderes mil 27 Mayıs Darbesi February 2013 March 2025 1960 Turkish coup d'etat 27 May 1960 Turkey Coup successful Adnan Menderes (Prime Minister), Fatin Rüştü Zorlu (Turkish Foreign Minister), Hasan Polatkan (Minister of Finance) were executed New constitution was declared 27 May was declared Freedom and Constitution Day Turkey National Unity Committee Turkey 23rd government of Turkey Democrat Party Gen. Cemal GürselLt. Gen. Cemal Madanoğlu Col. Alparslan TürkeşFahri Özdilek Celâl BayarRüştü ErdelhunAdnan MenderesHasan PolatkanFatin Rüştü Zorlu 38 Committee members – 2 soldiers, 1 civilian 7 Democrat Party members The 1960 Turkish coup d'état (tr 27 Mayıs Darbesi), also known as the 27 May Revolution (tr 27 Mayıs İhtilali or 27 Mayıs Devrimi), was the first coup d'état in the Republic of Turkey. It took place on 27 May 1960. The coup was staged by a group of 38Gunn Christopher The 1960 Coup in Turkey: A U.S. Intelligence Failure or a Successful Intervention? Journal of Cold War Studies Spring 2015 17 2 103 10.1162/JCWS_a_00550 57560759 http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/JCWS_a_00550#.VyP-SjArLIU subscription young Turkish military officers, acting outside the military chain of command. The officers were de facto led by Cemal Madanoğlu until the actual coup date. After a threat by Ragıp Gümüşpala that he would move to quell the coup unless it was led by someone with a higher military rank than himself, the officers brought in General Cemal Gürsel as their leader.Military interventions in Turkey http://www.allaboutturkey.com/darbe.htm 17 August 2014 The coup was carried out against the democratically elected government of the Democrat Party, and ultimately resulted in the execution of its prime minister, Adnan Menderes, alongside two of his ministers, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan. Background 28–29 April events (Turkey) 555k protests The incident took place at a time of both socio-political turmoil and economic hardship, as US aid from the Truman doctrine and the Marshall Plan was running out and so Prime Minister Adnan Menderes planned to visit Moscow in the hope of establishing alternative lines of credit.Çavdar Tevfik Türkiye'nin Demokrasi Tarihi 1950-1995 1996 2nd tr Birinci BölümDarbe olmasaydı Menderes Moskova'ya gidecekti http://www.zaman.com.tr/dunya_darbe-olmasaydi-menderes-moskovaya-gidecekti_693501.html 24 May 2008 1 May 2013 Zaman Gazetesi tr dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130901223303/http://www.zaman.com.tr/dunya_darbe-olmasaydi-menderes-moskovaya-gidecekti_693501.html 1 September 2013 Menderes'i Nato Astırdı http://www.haberturk.com/blog/bedia-ceylan-guzelce/745922-menderesi-nato-astirdi 28 May 2012 1 May 2013 Habertürk tr 2 May 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190502201221/https://www.haberturk.com/blog/bedia-ceylan-guzelce/745922-menderesi-nato-astirdi dead Coup Colonel Alparslan Türkeş was among the officers who led the coup.Landau Jacob M. https://books.google.com/books?id=ErQfAAAAIAAJ&q=Fethi+Teveto%C4%9Flu+and+turkish+nationalism&pg=PA204 Radical Politics in Modern Turkey 1974 Brill 978-90-04-04016-8 206–208 en He was a member of the junta (National Unity Committee) and had been among the first 16 officers trained by the United States in 1948 to form a stay-behind counter-guerrilla. As such, he explicitly stated his anticommunism and his faith and allegiance to NATO and CENTO in his short address to nation, but he remained vague on the reasons of the coup. On the morning of 27 May, Türkeş declared the coup over radio, which ultimately announced "the end of one period in Turkish history, and usher in a new one": The Great Turkish Nation: Starting at 3:00 am on the 27th of May, the Turkish armed forces have taken over administration throughout the entire country. This operation, thanks to the close cooperation of all our citizens and security forces, has succeeded without loss of life. Until further notice, a curfew has been imposed, exempt only to members of the armed forces. We request our citizens to facilitate the duty of our armed forces, and assist in reestablishing the nationally desired democratic regime. Alparslan Türkeş Radio broadcast May, 27th 1960Dilipak Abdurrahman Ihtilaller Donemi 1991 Dogan Ofset Istanbul 70 In a press conference on the following day, Cemal Gürsel emphasized that the "purpose and the aim of the coup is to bring the country with all speed to a fair, clean and solid democracy.... I want to transfer power and the administration of the nation to the free choice of the people"Military interventions in Turkey All About Turkey https://www.allaboutturkey.com/coup.html 22 July 2021 www.allaboutturkey.com However, a Ondörtler younger group tr within the junta around Türkeş supported a steadfast military leadership, an authoritarian rule similar as it was with the Committee of Union and Progress or during Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's regime. This group then attempted to discharge from their offices 147 University teachers. This then led to a reaction from the officers within the junta who demanded a return to democracy and a multiparty system, following which Türkeş and his group were sent abroad. Purge The junta forced 235 generals and more than 3,000 other commissioned officers into retirement; purged more than 500 judges and public prosecutors and 1400 university faculty members and put the chief of the General Staff, the president, the prime minister and other members of the administration under arrest.Mümtaz'er Türköne 27 Mayıs'ın hesabı http://www.zaman.com.tr/full-name/27-mayisin-hesabi_988554.html 27 May 2010 2 May 2013 Zaman Gazetesi tr dead https://web.archive.org/web/20131109105311/http://www.zaman.com.tr/full-name/27-mayisin-hesabi_988554.html 9 November 2013 Cunta, en büyük tasfiyeyi yargıda ve orduda yaptı http://www.zaman.com.tr/_cunta-en-buyuk-tasfiyeyi-yargida-ve-orduda-yapti_989947.html 31 May 2010 2 May 2013 Zaman Gazetesi tr dead https://web.archive.org/web/20131109105352/http://www.zaman.com.tr/_cunta-en-buyuk-tasfiyeyi-yargida-ve-orduda-yapti_989947.html 9 November 2013 Several hundred Kurdish Alevi notables were detained in a Camp in Sivas.Challenges to the Ethnicity Regime in Turkey: Alevi and Kurdish Demands for Recognition, 1923–1980 2012 https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/regimes-of-ethnicity-and-nationhood-in-germany-russia-and-turkey/challenges-to-the-ethnicity-regime-in-turkey/1B3612389DC1C59AD21A067A86969CE8 Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia, and Turkey 143 Aktürk Şener Problems of International Politics Cambridge Cambridge University Press 10.1017/CBO9781139108898.006 978-1-107-02143-3 8 June 2022 subscription 55, of which most were affiliated with the DP and several were Kurdish Members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey were deported to western provinces. It followed by the appointment of the commander of the army General Cemal Gürsel, as the provisional head of state, prime minister and the minister of defense. Yassıada trials Yassıada trials 100 Adnan Menderes VI. Yasama Dönemi.jpg 2 Fatin Rüştü Zorlu.jpg 3 Hasan Polatkan.jpg 4 Members of the Turkish government who were hanged after the Yassıada trials The Minister of the Interior, Namık Gedik, committed suicide while he was detained in the Turkish Military Academy. President Celal Bayar, prime minister Adnan Menderes and several other members of the administration were put on trial before a court appointed by the junta on the island Yassıada in the Sea of Marmara. The politicians were charged with high treason, misuse of public funds and abrogation of the constitution. The tribunals ended with the execution of Minister of Foreign Affairs Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Minister of Finance Hasan Polatkan on İmralı island on 16 September 1961, and Adnan Menderes on 17 September 1961.Ahmad Feroz The Turkish Experiment in Democracy: 1950-1975 1977 C. Hurst and Co. (Publishers) Ltd London 0-903983-54-0 171 Celal Bayar was not hanged, but imprisoned in İmralı prison.Hudgins Graven 18 September 1960 Turks hang ex-Premier Menderes 3 The Atlanta Constitution Aftermath 55s incident A constitutional referendum was held on 9 July 1961. A new constitution was drawn up to replace the one from 1924. It was approved by 61.7% of voters, with an 81.0% turnout.Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p254 0-19-924958-X A month after the execution of Menderes and other members of the Turkish government, general elections were held on 15 October 1961. The administrative authority was returned to civilians, but the military continued to dominate the political scene until October 1965. İsmet İnönü held the office of Prime Minister for the third time from 1961 to 1965. Turkish Army Colonel Talat Aydemir organised two failed coups d'état in February 1962 and May 1963. In the first free elections after the coup, in 1965, Süleyman Demirel was elected and held the office until 1971, when he was removed by a military memorandum. The government that was formed after the coup, although it did not last long in power, created a political atmosphere that led to one of the more distinct mass emergences of the left in Turkey's history. It is considered a revolution by the People's Liberation Party (HKP) as well as the Patriotic Party (VP). See also Freedom and Constitution Day Turkish Constitution of 1961 Committee of Inquest Turkish coup d'état References External links Information booklet published by the military junta for visitors of the court on the island Yassıada https://web.archive.org/web/20111229105300/http://www.gereklitarama.com/2011/09/yassiada-brosuru.html 29 December 2011 Notification of coup (Turkish) (Voice: Col. Alparslan Türkeş) Turkish coup d'etat Category:Coups d'état in Turkey Coup d'etat Category:1960s coups d'état Category:May 1960 in Turkey Category:Adnan Menderes Category:1960 in Turkish politics Category:1960 crimes in Turkey