1999 Indonesian legislative election

none February 2026 Indonesia parliamentary 1997 Indonesian legislative election 1997 2004 Indonesian legislative election 2004 List of members of the People's Representative Council, 1999–2004 462 of the 500 seats of the People's Representative Council 232 7 June 1999 130x130px Vice President Megawati Sukarnoputri - Indonesia.jpg Megawati Sukarnoputri Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle – 153 New 35,689,073 33.76% New Akbar Tandjung, Buku Kenangan Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia 1999-2004, pIII.jpg Akbar Tanjung Golongan Karya 74.51%, 325 seats 120 205 23,741,749 22.46% 50.05pp Official Portrait of Matori Abdul Djalil (1999).jpg Matori Abdul Djalil National Awakening Party – 51 New 13,336,982 12.62% New Hamzah Haz, Buku Kenangan Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia 1999-2004, p38.jpg Hamzah Haz United Development Party 22.43%, 89 seats 58 31 11,329,905 10.71% 11.72pp Amien Rais.jpg Amien Rais National Mandate Party – 34 New 7,528,956 7.12% New KIB Yusril Ihza Mahendra.jpg Yusril Ihza Mahendra PBB – 13 New 2,049,708 1.94% New 400px Results by province 400px Results map by city and regency Leadership MPR: Harmoko (Golkar)DPR: Harmoko (Golkar) New leadership MPR: Amien Rais (PAN)DPR: Akbar Tanjung (Golkar) Early legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 7 June 1999. They were the first elections since the fall of Suharto and end of the New Order, the first free elections in Indonesia since 1955, and the first and only free legislative election held in East Timor during Indonesian provincehood. With the ending of restrictions on political activity following the fall of Suharto, a total of 48 parties contested the 462 seats up for election in the People's Representative Council. A further 38 seats were reserved for members of the armed forces. Background Under the New Order, only two political parties forcibly merged in 1973 – Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) and United Development Party (PPP) – plus the functional group Golkar had been allowed to participate in elections.Liddle (1978) p40Evans (2003) pp. 21-21 With the start of the Reform Era, more than 100 new political parties emerged.Evans (2003) p28 New elections were called for 1999 and 148 parties registered with the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights. Of these, only 48 passed the selection process, overseen by intellectual Nurcholish Madjid.Friend (2003) p406Salomo et al.(2004) p.xxxv The elections were to be overseen by an independent General Elections Commission (KPU) of 53 members, one from each party and five government representatives.Kompas 27 July 1999 Electoral system The system used was based on closed party-list proportional representation at the provincial level (in province-wide districts). Within each province, parties were awarded seats in proportion to their share of the vote. The East Java province had the most number of seats, with 82, while the lowest was in Bengkulu and East Timor with four each.Evans (2003) pp. 126-127 Campaign thumb|right|250px|Members of PDI–P rally at the Hotel Indonesia Roundabout during the campaign period The official election campaign began on 19 May 1999 and ended on 4 June to allow two 'rest days' before the vote itself. It was divided into three stages, with different parties being allowed to campaign on different days.Kompas 29 April 1999 p40 However, before the campaign, there was violence between supporters of rival parties. Four people were killed in fighting between followers of the United Development Party (PPP) and the National Awakening Party (PKB) on 1 May and three more died in clashes between Golkar and Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) supporters on 11 May.Kompas 2 May 1999Sinar Indonesia Baru 12 May 1999Kompas 6 June 1999 On the first day of the campaign there was a parade of party vehicles in Central Jakarta. The Golkar float was attacked and damagedKompas 20 May 1999 The traffic circle in front of Hotel Indonesia was a popular spot for rallies.Kompas 24 May 1999Kompas 1 June 1999Friend (2003) p412 Meanwhile, there was an increase of people heading for Singapore to escape possible violence as polling day neared, with one newspaper reporting that more than 78,000 people had left.Sinar Indonesia Baru 30 May 1999 As well as rallies, the major parties took out full-colour advertisements in newspapers. Each party was also given air time TV for statements by lone spokespeople. There were also ads in the newspapers urging people to use their vote.Friend (2003) p408Kompas 3 June 1999 In the final week, the main parties held huge rallies in the capital: the PKB on 1 June, the National Mandate Party (PAN) on 2 June, the PDI-P on 3 June and Golkar on 4 June, at which its supporters were attacked.Kompas 2 June 1999Kompas 4 June 1999Kompas 5 June 1999 At one minute past midnight on 5 June, all party flags, banners and posters began to be removed as the campaign officially ended. International observers continued to arrive to oversee the election, among them former US president Jimmy Carter. Polling day In the last few days before the vote on 7 June, newspapers carried advertisements sponsored by the Indonesian Election Committee (PPI) explaining how to vote and urging people to do so.Kompas 3, 5 & 5 June 1999 On the day itself, polls opened at 8 am. People cast their vote by piercing the party symbol on the ballot paper and then dipped a finger in indelible ink to prevent repeat voting. When the votes were counted, each ballot paper was held up for onlookers to see.Friend (2003) p415Evans (2003) p203 There was independent monitoring down to the level of polling stations by Indonesians as well as by 100 observers and support staff from 23 counties led by Jimmy Carter. On polling day, Carter said that it would have been extremely difficult to manipulate the election data because of the well-prepared information network and because the information was easy to access.Media Indonesia 8 June 1999 One way the public could access the latest results was by sending a short message service text to a specific number. The sender then received information about provincial or party results.Kompas 7 June 1999 On 9 June, Carter's team reported that although there had been "shortcomings" and allegations of financial abuses, they did not appear to have had a significant impact on the polling day activities.Friend (2003) p417 Results The count was slow, with votes taking several weeks to count. Before he left Indonesia, Carter expressed his concern about this.Friend (2003) pp. 417, 424 At a meeting at the General Election Commission building on 26 June, only 22 of the 53 members of the commission were prepared to accept the result. These comprised the representatives of 17 of the parties (with 93% of the vote between them) and the five government representatives. Eventually, later that same day President Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie in a live TV broadcast declared the results were valid. The PDI-P, led by Megawati Sukarnoputri, had won the largest share of the vote with Golkar in second place. The process of allocating seats in the People's Representative Council took several months with the PPI announcing the results on 1 September. A total of 21 parties had won seats, with the PDI-P winning 153 and Golkar 120. There were ten parties with only one seat each.Kompas 2 September 1999 right|300px PDI-P right|300px Golkar right|300px PKB right|300px PPP right|300px PAN right|300px PBB right|300px PK File:Indonesia DPR-RI 1999.svg Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle 35689073 153 New Golkar 23741749 120 −205 National Awakening Party 13336982 51 New United Development Party 11329905 58 −31 National Mandate Party 7528956 34 New Crescent Star Party  2049708 13 New Justice Party 1436565 7 New Indonesian Justice and Unity Party 1065686 4 New Nahdlatul Ummat Party 679179 5 New Indonesian Democratic Party 655052 2 –9 United Party (Indonesia) id Partai Persatuan United Party 551028 1 New Love the Nation Democratic Party id Partai Demokrasi Kasih Bangsa 550846 5 New Indonesian Masyumi Islamic Political Party 456718 1 New People's Sovereignty Party 427854 1 New Indonesian National Party – Supeni 377137 0 New #D20000 Indonesian Islamic Union Party 375920 1 New Indonesian National Christian Party 369719 0 New Indonesian National Party – Marhaenist Front 365176 1 New Indonesian Unity in Diversity Party id Partai Bhinneka Indonesia 364291 1 New Indonesian National Party – Marhaen Masses 345720 1 New League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence 328564 1 New Community Awakening Party id Partai Kebangkitan Umat 300064 1 New Indonesian Muslim Awakening Party id Partai Kebangkitan Muslim Indonesia 289489 0 New Islamic Community Party id Partai Ummat Islam 269309 0 New #24FFA4 Catholic Democratic Party 216675 1 New Aceh Orphans' Foundation Party id Partai Abul Yatama 213979 0 New Republican Party 208157 0 New Familial Consultative Party of Mutual Assistance id Partai Musyawarah Kekeluargaan Gotong Royong 204204 0 New New Indonesia Party id Partai Indonesia Baru 192712 0 New Indonesian National Solidarity Party id Partai Solidaritas Uni Nasional Indonesia 180167 0 New Love and Peace Party id Partai Cinta Damai 168087 0 New Indonesian Islamic Union Party – 1905 id Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia 1905 152820 0 New New Masyumi Party id Partai Masyumi Baru 152589 0 New #000000 National Party of the Indonesian Nation id Partai Nasional Bangsa Indonesia 149136 0 New Indonesian Democratic Union Party 140980 0 New National Labor Party 111629 0 New National Freedom Party (Indonesia) id Partai Kebangsaan Merdeka National Freedom Party 104385 0 New Democratic National Party (Indonesia) id Partai Nasional Demokrat (1998) Democratic National Party 96984 0 New Indonesian Democratic Alliance Party id Partai Aliansi Demokrat Indonesia 85838 0 New People's Democratic Party 78730 0 New Indonesian Workers' Party id Partai Pekerja Indonesia 63934 0 New Democratic Islamic Party id Partai Islam Demokrat 62901 0 New Great People's Consultative Party 62006 0 New All-Indonesia Workers' Solidarity Party id Partai Solidaritas Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia 61105 0 New Indonesian People's Party id Partai Rakyat Indonesia 54790 0 New Indonesian Muslim Community id Partai Umat Muslimin Indonesia 49839 0 New Workers' Solidarity Party id Partai Solidaritas Pekerja 49807 0 New People's Choice Party (Indonesia) id Partai Pilihan Rakyat People's Choice Party 40517 0 New Appointed members 38 –37 0 Ministry of Information,Pidato pertanggungjawaban Presiden/Mandataris Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, Departemen Penerangan, 1999 KPU #d42921 Results by province ProvinceTotalseatsSeats wonPDI–PGolkarPPPPKBPANPBBPKPDKBPNUPKPPDIPDRPKDPKUPSIIMasyumiPNIFMIPKIPNIMMPBIPPAceh12224021001000000000000North Sumatra241053121010100000000000West Sumatra14243031100000000000000Riau9331110000000000000000Jambi6221010000000000000000South Sumatra15642111000000000000000Bengkulu4111010000000000000000Lampung15631210101000000000000Jakarta18723131100000000000000West Java82272013663201100001100001Central Java6026871041100100000010100Yogyakarta6211110000000000000000East Java6823942431101100010000000Bali9710100000000000000000West Nusa Tenggara9141011000001000000000East Nusa Tenggara13561000010000000000000East Timor4220000000000000000000West Kalimantan9231000010010000000010Central Kalimantan6221100000000000000000South Kalimantan11232111001000000000000East Kalimantan7321010000000000000000North Sulawesi7241000000000000000000Central Sulawesi5131000000000000000000South Sulawesi252163111000000000001000Southeast Sulawesi5131000000000000000000Maluku6221000010000000000000Irian Jaya13450010010010100000000Total46215312058513413755421111111111Sources: Psephos, Pemilu.asia Presidential election 1999 Indonesian presidential election On 20 and 21 October 1999, about four months after the legislative elections, the People's Consultative Assembly elected the president and vice president of Indonesia for the 1999–2004 term. Abdurrahman Wahid was elected president and Megawati Sukarnoputri as vice president. References Footnotes 2 Bibliography Ananta Aris Arifin Evi Nurvidya Suryadinata Leo amp Indonesian Electoral Behaviour: A Statistical Perspective Singapore Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 2004 Indonesia's Population Series https://books.google.com/books?id=lLx3e68304wC 2009-06-06 978-981-230-224-3 . Ananta Aris Arifin Evi Nurvidya Suryadinata Leo amp Emerging Democracy in Indonesia Singapore Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 2005 https://books.google.com/books?id=1QpWEAtDjWMC 2009-06-05 978-981-230-322-6 . Evans, Kevin Raymond, (2003) The History of Political Parties & General Elections in Indonesia, Arise Consultancies, Jakarta, 978-979-97445-0-0 Friend, Theodore (2003) Indonesian Destinies, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 978-0-6740113-7-3 King Dwight Y. Half-Hearted Reform: Electoral Institutions and the Struggle for Democracy in Indonesia 2003 Wesport, Conn Praeger 978-0-2759-7942-3 2024 Online Version subscription https://www.bloomsburycollections.com/monograph?docid=b-9798400660986 Loveard, Keith, (1999) Suharto: Indonesia's Last Sultan, Horizon Books, Singapore, 978-981-04-1478-8 Liddle, R. William, The 1977 Indonesian and New Order Legitimacy, South East Asian Affairs 1978, Translation published in Pemilu-Pemilu Orde Baru, LP3ES, Jakarta, 978-979-8015-88-5 Partai Partai Politik Indonesia: Ideologi, Strategi, dan Program Jakarta Kompas 1999 978-979-9251-00-8 . id id Salomo Simanungkalit et al. (Eds) (2004) Peta Politik Pemilhan Umum 1999-2004 (Political Map of General Elections 1999-2004) Buku Kompas, Jakarta 978-979-709-114-9 Category:Legislative elections in Indonesia Indonesia Legislative Legislative Category:People's Consultative Assembly Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results