1988 Singaporean general election

none March 2025 Singapore parliamentary 1984 Singaporean general election 1984 6th Parliament of Singapore 1991 Singaporean general election 1991 7th Parliament of Singapore 3 September 1988 1,669,013RV 219,175 of the 1,669,013 voters were registered in uncontested constituencies, leaving 1,449,838 voters able to vote. 94.70% ( 0.95pp) All 81 directly elected seats in Parliament (and up to 3 NCMPs) 130x130px Lee_Kuan_Yew_1985.jpg Lee Kuan Yew People's Action Party 64.83%, 77 seats 80 3 848,029 63.17% 1.66pp JoshuaBenjaminJeyaretnam-Singapore-20051107-cropped.jpg J. B. Jeyaretnam Workers' Party (Singapore) 12.65%, 1 seat 1 224,473 16.72% 4.07pp ChiamSeeTong-SDARally-20060502.jpg Chiam See Tong Singapore Democratic Party 3.66%, 1 seat 1 158,341 11.80% 8.14pp Prime Minister Prime Minister after election Lee Kuan Yew Lee Kuan Yew People's Action Party People's Action Party Tanjong Pagar SMC Did not contest Potong Pasir SMC Map_of_the_results_of_the_1988_Singaporean_general_election.svg Results by constituency General elections were held in Singapore on 3 September 1988 to elect members of Parliament. They were the eighth general elections since the introduction of self-government in 1959 and the sixth since independence in 1965. This election was Lee Kuan Yew's final general election as Prime Minister before he passed the leadership to Deputy Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong in 1990. The elections were notable for the debut of Group Representation Constituencies (GRCs), a new electoral arrangement introduced by the government. GRCs required candidates to contest in teams, with the inclusion of at least one member from a minority ethnic community. The scheme began with constituencies represented by teams of three Members of Parliament.Lew Eng Fee Southeast Asian Affairs 1989 Singapore in 1988: Uncertainties of a Maturing Polity 31 December 1989 279–298 10.1355/9789812306791-017 https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1355/9789812306791-017/html?lang=en 27 June 2025 ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute Singapore 978-981-230-679-1 While presented as a safeguard for multiracialism, the system was heavily criticised by opposition politicians and parties for increasing the barriers to entry for smaller parties, who found it difficult to field sufficiently strong teams to contest effectively in GRCs. The People's Action Party (PAP), which had governed since independence, secured a landslide victory winning all but one of the 81 parliamentary seats. The only opposition candidate elected was Chiam See Tong of the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP), who retained his seat in Potong Pasir SMC. In addition, a single Non-constituency Member of Parliament (NCMP) seat was awarded to Lee Siew Choh from the Workers' Party (WP), who had contested in Eunos GRC. He became the first opposition politician to accept an NCMP seat, following previous rejections of such offers in 1984. In addition, while the total number of eligible voters had exceeded one million in 1976, this election marked the first occasion where over one million voters were able to cast their ballots in contested constituencies. Background In 1986, the PAP government introduced Town Councils (TC). Unlike the former City Council, which was abolished in 1959 and held separate local elections, TCs do not operate through distinct electoral mandates. Instead, local administrative responsibilities are delegated to elected Members of Parliament through general elections. This move coincided with the establishment of Group Representation Constituencies (GRC), a system based on the plurality general ticket method. GRCs were introduced with the stated aim of guaranteeing ethnic minority representation in Parliament. However, the scheme was heavily criticised by opposition politicians and parties, who argued that it created significant barriers to electoral competition. GRCs were initially formed as constituencies represented by teams of three members. Additionally, this election marked a procedural change in the handling of electoral boundaries. For the first time, alterations to electoral divisions were approved directly by the Prime Minister's Office, rather than being debated and passed in Parliament through a formal bill.https://sg-elections.com/general-election/1988/ PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION 1988 Singapore Elections 15 July 2020 2 May 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200502122958/http://www.singapore-elections.com/general-election/1988/ live The opposition landscape also evolved significantly during this period. Workers' Party (WP) absorbed both the Barisan Sosialis and the Singapore United Front, positioning itself as the dominant opposition party. However, WP's Secretary-General J. B. Jeyaretnam was ineligible to contest in this general election, having been barred for five years in 1986 after being convicted for falsely declaring the party's accounts. He had previously served as MP for Anson from 1981 until his seat was vacated in 1986. Under the Constitution of Singapore at the time, an MP must vacate their seat if fined S$2,000 or more or sentenced to 12 months or more in jail. The fine quantum was increased to S$10,000 in 2022.Vanessa Lim Aqil Haziq Mahmud MPs fined at least S$10,000 to be disqualified after Parliament passes changes to raise quantum from S$2,000 https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/mp-fine-disqualify-election-parliament-2673246 channelnewsasia.com CNA 17 November 2025 en Jeyaretnam consistently maintained that his convictions were politically motivated.Daylight mugging of the justice system https://theindependent.sg/daylight-mugging-of-the-justice-system/ The Independent Singapore 25 March 2016 17 February 2025 13 October 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20241013234919/https://theindependent.sg/daylight-mugging-of-the-justice-system/ live Jeya's disqualification came into effect on Nov 10 https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/biztimes19861210-1.2.11.3 18 November 2021 Business Times 10 December 1986 18 November 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211118172942/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/biztimes19861210-1.2.11.3 live https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/16/world/opposition-leader-in-singapore-jailed-and-loses-his-seat.html OPPOSITION LEADER IN SINGAPORE JAILED AND LOSES HIS SEAT Crossette Barbara 16 November 1986 The New York Times 14 August 2017 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20170814103754/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/16/world/opposition-leader-in-singapore-jailed-and-loses-his-seat.html 14 August 2017 live WP also formed a cooperative alliance with the Malay–based party Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura (PKMS), creating a united faction ahead of the election. On 6 March 1987, the National Solidarity Party (NSP) was established by Kum Teng Hock, a former member of the ruling PAP, and Soon Kia Seng, a former chairman of the SDP. They became the party's founding President and Secretary-General respectively.10 March 1987 New name for a new political party The Straits Times http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19870310-1.2.21.15?ST=1&AT=filter&K=National%20Solidarity%20Party&KA=National%20Solidarity%20Party&DF=&DT=&Display=0&AO=false&NPT=&L=&CTA=&NID=straitstimes&CT=ARTICLE&WC=&YR=1987&QT=national,solidarity,party&oref=article live 31 July 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20200920182046/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19870310-1.2.21.15?ST=1&AT=filter&K=National+Solidarity+Party&KA=National+Solidarity+Party&DF=&DT=&Display=0&AO=false&NPT=&L=&CTA=&NID=straitstimes&CT=ARTICLE&WC=&YR=1987&QT=national%2Csolidarity%2Cparty&oref=article 20 September 2020 Timeline DateEvent14 JunePublication of Electoral Boundaries report17 AugustDissolution of 6th Parliament24 AugustNomination Day3 SeptemberPolling Day16 Septemberhttps://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19880918-1.2.7.6 National Library Board Francis Seow and Siew Choh made non-constituency MPs 16 July 2020 30 August 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200830105203/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19880918-1.2.7.6 liveNon-constituency Member of Parliament posts declared9 January 1989Opening of 7th Parliament Electoral boundaries List of Singaporean electoral divisions (1988–91) In addition to the creation of the Group Representation Constituency (GRC) scheme, single member constituencies (SMC) were either formed from or absorbed to neighboring constituencies due to development and electorate.15 June 1988 New constituencies carved from housing estates https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19880615-1.2.29.16 4 November 2025 The Straits Times 19 NewspaperSG Constituency ChangesFormation of Group Representation Constituencies Aljunied GRC Formed from Aljunied, Kampong Kembangan and Kampong Ubi Constituencies Bedok GRC Formed from Bedok, Kampong Chai Chee and Tanah Merah Constituencies Brickworks GRC Formed from Alexandra, Brickworks and Queenstown Constituencies Cheng San GRC Formed from Cheng San, Chong Boon and Jalan Kayu Constituencies Eunos GRC Formed from Eunos, Kaki Bukit and a portion of Tampines Constituencies (the latter was renamed to Tampines North SMC) Hong Kah GRC Formed from parts of Bukit Batok (Hong Kah North), Hong Kah (Hong Kah Central) and Yuhua Constituencies (Hong Kah South) Jalan Besar GRC Formed from Geylang West, Jalan Besar and Kolam Ayer Constituencies. Marine Parade GRC Formed from Geylang Serai, Joo Chiat and Marine Parade Constituencies. Pasir Panjang GRC Formed from Clementi, Pasir Panjang and West Coast Constituencies. Sembawang GRC Formed from parts of Nee Soon (Chong Pang and Nee Soon East) and most of Sembawang SMCsNee Soon Central and Nee Soon South were subsumed into its own SMCs Tampines GRC Formed from Changkat and Tampines Constituencies (the latter was divided into Tampines Changkat, Tampines East and Tampines West) Tiong Bahru GRC Formed from Delta, Henderson, Tiong Bahru and Radin Mas Constituencies; Delta was absorbed into Tiong Bahru division. Toa Payoh GRC Formed from Boon Teck, Khe Bong, Kuo Chuan and Toa Payoh Constituencies; Khe Bong was absorbed into Boon Teck division.New Single Member Constituencies Bukit Gombak SMC Carved out from Bukit Batok Constituency Hougang SMC Carved out from Punggol Constituency Nee Soon Central SMCNee Soon East SMC Carved out from Nee Soon ConstituencyDefunct Constituencies Anson Constituency Absorbed into Tanjong Pagar SMC Bo Wen Constituency Absorbed into Ang Mo Kio SMC River Valley Constituency Absorbed into Cairnhill SMC Rochore Constituency Absorbed into Kampong Glam SMC Telok Ayer Constituency Absorbed into Kreta Ayer SMC MPs not standing for re-election 13 MPs retired ahead of the election per the party's renewal, which include Deputy Prime Minister Toh Chin Chye and Senior Minister S. Rajaratnam. Before that, two other MPs had vacated but neither by-elections are called, which were J. B. Jeyaretnam (Anson) and Minister Teh Cheang Wan (Geylang West). MP Party ConstituencyElected inAng Kok PengPAPBuona Vista1972E. W. BarkerPAPTanglin1963Chai Chong YiiPAPBukit Batok1972Eric CheongPAPToa Payoh1968Fong Sip CheePAPKampong Chai Chee1963Jek Yeun ThongPAPQueenstown1963Lai Tha ChaiPAPHenderson1972Ong Pang BoonPAPTelok Ayer1959Phua Bah LeePAPTampines1968S. RajaratnamPAPKampong Glam1959Tang See ChimPAPChua Chu Kang1966Toh Chin ChyePAPRochore1959Yeo Choo KokPAPDelta1970 New candidates The election introduced certain prominent members such as George Yeo and K Shanmugam, as well as a future WP and opposition leader Low Thia Khiang, who made his debut in Tiong Bahru Group Representation Constituency. New candidate Party ConstituencyAbdul Karim Abdul SattarPKMSBuona Vista SMCAbdul Malik AliNSPTampines GRCAbdul Nasser KamaruddinPAPHong Kah GRCAbdul Rasheed Abdul KuthusSDPPunggol SMCHarry BaptistIndependentSerangoon GardensChan Yeng CheongNSPTampines GRCChay Wai ChuenPAPBrickworks GRCJohn ChenPAPHong Kah GRCKenneth ChenPAPPotong Pasir SMCCheo Chai ChenSDPNee Soon Central SMCDavid ChewSDPPaya Lebar SMCDavinder SinghPAPToa Payoh GRCChiam Pan BoonIndependentMountbatten SMCChiam Yeow JuanWPChangi SMCCharles ChongPAPSembawang GRCChoo Wee KhiangPAPMarine Parade GRCFrederick De WindWPKampong Glam SMCGiam Lai ChengUPFNee Soon Central SMCGoh Seng SoonWPChua Chu Kang SMCGoh Teng HoonWPBrickworks GRCGopalan NairWPTiong Bahru GRCM. G. GuruIndependentTanjong Pagar SMCHong HaiPAPBedok GRCIsmail YaacobWPBrickworks GRCKoh Lam SonPAPTelok BlangahKwan Yue KengSDPBukit Batok SMCKwek Guan KweeSDPBukit Panjang SMCPatrick LeongIndependentTeck Ghee SMCLew Syn PauPAPTanglin SMCLim Chiu LiangWPHougang SMCLim Lye SoonWPTiong Bahru GRCLoh Fook CheongWPKreta Ayer SMCLoh Meng SeePAPKampong Glam SMCLow Seow ChayPAPChua Chu Kang SMCLow Thia KhiangWPTiong Bahru GRCEdmund Richard MarshWPJalan Besar GRCMohamed Affendy Abdul RahimNSPKebun Baru SMCMohamed AwangPKMSJurong SMCMohamed IdrisWPJalan Besar GRCMohd Khalit Mohd BabooWPEunos GRCSaraswathy MurugasonWPBedok GRCNeo Choon AikSDPAljunied GRCNg Teck SiongSDPThomson SMCOng Chit ChungPAPBukit Batok SMCOng Kah SengNSPAng Mo Kio SMCPeh Chin HuaPAPJalan Besar GRCPok Lee ChuenWPBukit Merah SMCRasiah ThiagarajahNSPYio Chu Kang SMCSalleh Mohd BawthanPKMSBoon Lay SMCSeet Ai MeePAPBukit Gombak SMCAshleigh SeowSDPAljunied GRCFrancis SeowWPEunos GRCK. ShanmugamPAPSembawang GRCSin Kek TongSDPBraddell Heights SMCGeorge SitaSDPUlu Pandan SMCPeter SungPAPBuona Vista SMCKen SunnNSPWhampoa SMCJimmy TanSDPCairnhill SMCTan Song GekWPAyer Rajah SMCTan Soo PhuanWPTelok Blangah SMCTheng Chin EngSJPMarine Parade GRCToh Keng ThongWPJalan Besar GRCToh Kim KiatSDPYuhua SMCWee Han KimWPPasir Panjang GRCGeorge YeoPAPAljunied GRCYong Chu LeongSDPNee Soon South SMC Results thumb|upright|The front page of The Straits Times on 4 September For the first time since independence, voter turnout experienced a decline, with 94.70 percent of voters in the contested constituencies casting their ballots. This represented a decrease of 0.95 percent from the previous general election. The PAP also recorded a fall in its popular vote share for the second consecutive election, dropping by 1.66 percentage points to 63.17 percent. Lee Kuan Yew's Tanjong Pagar once again emerged as the PAP's strongest-performing constituency, achieving 81.60 percent of the vote. It was the only constituency to secure more than 80 percent of votes, making it the top-performing ward for the fifth time in six elections. With SDP leader Chiam See Tong winning the sole opposition seat in Potong Pasir, two Non-constituency MP seats were offered to former solicitor-general and Law Society president Francis Seow, and veteran politician Lee Siew Choh. Both stood under the banner of the Workers' Party (WP) in Eunos GRC. Their campaign drew attention for openly criticising the PAP over alleged irregularities in financial matters, prompting Minister of State Tay Eng Soon to head the PAP team contesting Eunos. Ultimately, the PAP won the constituency with 50.89 percent of the vote, making it the election's most marginal victory with a winning margin of only 1.78 percent. As the best-performing opposition team to have lost, the WP team in Eunos qualified for the NCMP scheme. Seow, however, fled Singapore on 17 December to avoid arrest and was disqualified from taking up the seat. He had earlier been detained for 72 days without trial under the Internal Security Act (ISA), following accusations of receiving political campaign funding from the United States and facing charges of tax evasion.Francis Seow To Catch a Tartar: A Dissident in Lee Kuan Yew's Prison 1994 MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies New Haven, Connecticut, United States 978-0938692560 Lee Siew Choh accepted the NCMP offer, becoming Singapore's first NCMP and marking his return to Parliament after a 25-year absence having previously served as a legislator for both the PAP and later the Barisan Sosialis (BS). The opposition's overall popular vote share set several new records in this election. The WP secured 16.72 percent of the vote, the highest post-independence performance by any opposition party at the time. Conversely, Angkatan Islam Singapura (ANGKASA) recorded a vote share of just 1.50 percent, the lowest in post-independence history until it was surpassed in the 2025 election by the National Solidarity Party with 1.19 percent of the contested vote. Nonetheless, ANGKASA's overall national vote share of 0.02 percent remained the lowest ever recorded. A total of five candidates forfeited their $4,000 election deposits.GE2025: PAP retains Tampines GRC in 4-way fight, wins Tampines Changkat SMC https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/ge2025-pap-retains-tampines-grc-in-4-way-fight-wins-tampines-changkat-smc The Straits Times 3 May 2025 en 4 May 2025 right Popular vote PAP 63.17 People's Action Party WP 16.72 Workers' Party (Singapore) SDP 11.80 Singapore Democratic Party NSP 3.76 National Solidarity Party (Singapore) Others 4.56 grey right Elected seats won 11 seats (PAP; uncontested) 13.58 cyan 69 seats (PAP; contested) 85.19 People's Action Party 1 seat (SDP) 1.23 Singapore Democratic Party People's Action Party 848029 –1.66 80 +3 Workers' Party 224473 +8.14 1 0 Singapore Democratic Party 158341 +4.07 1 0 National Solidarity Party 50432 New 0 New United People's Front 17282 –1.81 0 0 Singapore Justice Party 14660 –0.15 0 0 Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura 13526 +0.47 0 0 Angkatan Islam Singapura 280 –0.02 0 0 Independents 15412 –0.06 0 0 30629 +2 1669013 94.70 Singapore ElectionsRV Opposition parties contested vote Party Votes #DDD 500px 400px SDP Singapore Democratic Party 39.46 WP Workers' Party (Singapore) 38.53 NSP National Solidarity Party (Singapore) 34.61 SJP Singapore Justice Party 26.19 Independents Independent 22.04 UPF United People's Front 17.98 PKMS Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura 16.56 ANGKASA grey 1.50 By constituency ConstituencySeatsElectoratePartyCandidatesVotes%Aljunied GRC365,351People's Action PartyChin Harn TongWan Hussin ZoohriGeorge Yeo34,02056.33Singapore Democratic PartyJufrie MahmoodNeo Choon AikAshleigh Seow26,37543.67Ang Mo Kio SMC114,633People's Action PartyYeo Toon Chia13,36565.49National Solidarity PartyOng Kah Seng7,04427.25Ayer Rajah SMC122,532People's Action PartyTan Cheng Bock14,82469.55Workers' PartyTan Song Gek6,48930.45Bedok GRC354,969People's Action PartyHong HaiIbrahim OthmanS. Jayakumar28,26654.92Workers' PartyGertrude De GraciasSaraswathy MurugasonSeow Khee Leng23,20345.08Boon Lay SMC116,646People's Action PartyGoh Chee Wee11,31771.97Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu SingapuraSalleh Mohd Bawthan4,40828.03Braddell Heights SMC127,019People's Action PartyGoh Choon Kang14,86258.80Singapore Democratic PartySin Kek Tong10,41241.20Brickworks GRC343,117People's Action PartyAhmad MattarChay Wai ChuenTan Soo Khoon26,87067.43Workers' PartyJ. C. CoreraGoh Teng HoonIsmail Yaacob12,97732.57Bukit Batok SMC124,138People's Action PartyOng Chit Chung12,87355.94Singapore Democratic PartyKwan Yue Keng10,13944.06Bukit Gombak SMC125,221People's Action PartySeet Ai Mee12,66153.46Singapore Democratic PartyLing How Doong11,02446.54Bukit Merah SMC114,723People's Action PartyLim Chee Onn9,41469.78Workers' PartyPok Lee Chuen4,07730.22Bukit Panjang SMC133,824People's Action PartyLee Yiok Seng18,31457.28Singapore Democratic PartyKwek Guan Kwee9,86430.86Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu SingapuraIbrahim Ariff3,79011.86Bukit Timah SMC120,222People's Action PartyWang Kai YuenUncontestedBuona Vista SMC115,850People's Action PartyPeter Sung8,85961.76Singapore Democratic PartyLow Yong Nguan5,03735.11Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu SingapuraAbdul Karim Abdul Sattar4493.13Cairnhill SMC123,197People's Action PartyWong Kwei Cheong12,77963.98Singapore Democratic PartyJimmy Tan7,19436.02Changi SMC117,145People's Action PartyTeo Chong Tee9,39859.73Workers' PartyChiam Yeow Juan6,43140.63Cheng San GRC356,352People's Action PartyLee Yock SuanS. Chandra DasHeng Chiang MengUncontestedChua Chu Kang SMC119,628People's Action PartyLow Seow Chay11,05859.28Workers' PartyGoh Seng Soon7,59740.72Eunos GRC375,723People's Action PartyTay Eng SoonChew Heng ChingZulkifli Mohammed36,50050.89Workers' PartyLee Siew ChohElected as NCMP.Mohd Khalit B Md BabooFrancis SeowElected as NCMP but lost his seat with effect from 17 December 1988 due to being convicted and fined for tax evasion.35,22149.11Fengshan SMC117,389People's Action PartyArthur Beng Kian Lam9,50757.92Workers' PartyChng Chin Siah6,90742.08Hong Kah GRC367,431People's Action PartyAbdul Nasser KamaruddinJohn ChenYeo Cheow TongUncontestedHougang SMC121,703People's Action PartyTang Guan Seng11,98358.96Workers' PartyLim Chiu Liang8,34241.04Jalan Besar GRC354,941People's Action PartyLee Boon YangPeh Chin HuaSidek Saniff31,60462.68Workers' PartyEdmund Richard MarshMohamed IdrisToh Keng Thong18,81437.32Jurong SMC121,420People's Action PartyHo Kah Leong14,76975.17Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu SingapuraMohamed Awang4,87924.83Kallang SMC121,245People's Action PartyS. Dhanabalan13,09766.13Workers' PartyA. L. Sundram6,70733.87Kampong Glam SMC121,773People's Action PartyLoh Meng See12,52567.32Workers' PartyFrederick De Wind5,80031.87Angkatan Islam SingapuraM. Sani Jan2801.51Kebun Baru SMC122,515People's Action PartyLim Boon Heng15,73475.36National Solidarity PartyMohamed Affendy Abdul Rahim5,14524.64Kim Keat SMC115,850People's Action PartyOng Teng Cheong10,64473.00Singapore Democratic PartyMohamed Shariff Yahya3,93727.00Kim Seng SMC118,474People's Action PartyYeo Ning Hong11,46066.90Workers' PartyChin Tian Choo5,67033.10Kreta Ayer SMC121,470People's Action PartyRichard Hu13,15870.50Workers' PartyLoh Fook Cheong5,50729.50Leng Kee SMC121,964People's Action PartyOw Chin Hock13,33464.96Workers' PartyPeter Chua7,19235.04MacPherson SMC117,063People's Action PartyChua Sian Chin10,45365.98National Solidarity PartyKum Teng Hock5,39034.02Marine Parade GRC362,385People's Action PartyGoh Chok TongChoo Wee KhiangOthman Haron Eusofe41,32573.81Singapore Justice PartyA. R. SuibM. RamasamyTheng Chin Eng14,66026.19Moulmein SMC119,229People's Action PartyLawrence Sia11,33466.08Workers' PartyA. Balakrishnan5,81733.92Mountbatten SMC117,747People's Action PartyEugene Yap12,71278.15IndependentChiam Pan Boon3,55421.85Nee Soon Central SMC124,403People's Action PartyNg Pock Too13,39657.61Singapore Democratic PartyCheo Chai Chen8,94438.46United People's FrontGiam Lai Cheng9143.93Nee Soon South SMC122,542People's Action PartyKoh Lip Lin13,79364.88Singapore Democratic PartyYong Chu Leong6,53328.98United People's FrontMunjeet Singh9324.39Pasir Panjang GRC366,600People's Action PartyAbbas Abu AminBernard ChenWan Soon Bee38,54561.57Workers' PartyGan Eng GuanMohd Taib SattarWee Han Kim24,05938.43Paya Lebar SMC125,076People's Action PartyPhilip Tan12,35252.36Singapore Democratic PartyDavid Chew11,24047.64Potong Pasir SMC119,852Singapore Democratic PartyChiam See Tong11,80463.13People's Action PartyKenneth Chen6,89336.87Punggol SMC131,577People's Action PartyNg Kah Ting17,91459.85Singapore Democratic PartyAbdul Rasheed Abdul Kuthus12,01740.15Sembawang GRC355,633People's Action PartyTony Tan Charles ChongK. Shanmugam36,15470.08United People's FrontAng Bee LianKasim IbrahimHarbans Singh15,43629.92Serangoon Gardens SMC124,831People's Action PartyLau Teik Soon16,23474.17IndependentHarry Baptist5,65425.83Siglap SMC118,650People's Action PartyAbdullah Tarmugi12,10173.73Workers' PartyChong Tung Shang4,31126.27Tampines GRC365,148People's Action PartyMah Bow TanAline WongYatiman Yusof37,21661.00National Solidarity PartyAbdul Malik AliChan Yeng CheongLim Ah Yong23,79639.00Tanglin SMC117,497People's Action PartyLew Syn PauUncontestedTanjong Pagar SMC119,041People's Action PartyLee Kuan Yew14,04381.60IndependentM. G. Guru3,16718.40Teck Ghee SMC115,510People's Action PartyLee Hsien Loong11,51279.13IndependentPatrick Leong3,03720.87Telok Blangah SMC118,609People's Action PartyKoh Lam Son11,16064.21Workers' PartyTan Soo Phuan6,22035.79Thomson SMC134,886People's Action PartyLeong Horn Kee21,51467.01Singapore Democratic PartyNg Teck Siong10,59032.99Tiong Bahru GRC358,898People's Action PartyChng Hee KokCh'ng Jit KoonS. Vasoo31,73257.84Workers' PartyLow Thia KhiangLim Lye SoonGopalan Nair23,13242.16Toa Payoh GRC349,243People's Action PartyDavinder SinghHo Tat KinWong Kan SengUncontestedUlu Pandan SMC123,587People's Action PartyDixie Tan14,43669.07Singapore Democratic PartyGeorge Sita6,46630.93Whampoa SMC113,819People's Action PartyAugustine Tan7,52259.47National Solidarity PartyKen Sunn5,12640.53Yio Chu Kang SMC115,991People's Action PartyLau Ping Sum10,99673.67National Solidarity PartyRasiah Thiagarajah3,93126.33Yuhua SMC119,190People's Action PartyYu-Foo Yee Shoon11,49762.96Singapore Democratic PartyToh Kim Kiat6,76537.04Source: ELD Aftermath In a further development in the structure of Parliament, the government implemented the Nominated Member of Parliament (NMPs) scheme in November 1990, two years after the general election. The initiative was intended to provide a platform for non-partisan and expert voices in legislative discussions. Although the enabling law permitted up to six Nominated Members of Parliament (NMPs) to be appointed, only two were selected initially. These NMPs served for a one-year term before the end of that Parliament's session, laying the groundwork for broader inclusion of civil society and professional perspectives in subsequent terms.Benjamin Ho John Choo Providing Independent and Non-Partisan Views: The Nominated Member of Parliament Scheme https://biblioasia.nlb.gov.sg/vol-20/issue-4/jan-mar-2025/nominated-member-of-parliament-nmp/ biblioasia.nlb.gov.sg National Library Board 21 August 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20250623100622/https://biblioasia.nlb.gov.sg/vol-20/issue-4/jan-mar-2025/nominated-member-of-parliament-nmp/ 23 June 2025 en Notes References Singapore Category:General elections in Singapore General