1994 South African general election

First South African election held under nonracial, universal suffrage August 2013 November 2021 South Africa 1994 parliamentary 1989 South African general election 1989 26–29 April 1994 1999 South African general election 1999 List of National Assembly members of the 22nd Parliament of South Africa All 400 seats in the National Assembly 201 130x130px Nelson Mandela 1994.jpg 130 120 160 0 6 Nelson Mandela African National Congress Outlawed 252 New party 12,237,655 62.65% New party F.W. de Klerk wait to speak in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania LCCN2011634246 (cropped).tif F.W. de Klerk wait to speak in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania LCCN2011634246 (cropped) 140 120 160 0 0 F. W. de Klerk NP 48.19%, 94 seats 82 12 3,983,690 20.39% 27.80pp Buthelezi2 (cropped).jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Mangosuthu Buthelezi Inkatha Freedom Party Did not exist 43 New party 2,058,294 10.54% New party Constand Viljoen c. 1985.png 200 120 160 0 42 Constand Viljoen Freedom Front (South Africa) Did not exist 9 New party 424,555 2.17% New party De Beer (cropped).png 120 120 160 0 0 Zach de Beer DP 20.00%, 33 seats 7 26 338,426 1.73% 18.27pp ClarenceMakwetu (cropped).jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Clarence Makwetu Pan Africanist Congress of Azania Outlawed 5 New party 243,478 1.25% New party 1994 South African general election.svg 402px State President F. W. de Klerk NP Elected President Nelson Mandela African National Congress thumb|Ballot paper used in the 1994 electionright|thumb|Share of each party's votes in the election General elections were held in South Africa between 26 and 29 April 1994.South Africa: Parliamentary Chamber: National Assembly: Elections held in 1994 Inter-Parliamentary Union The elections were the first in South Africa in which citizens of all races could vote, bringing an end to the herrenvolk democracy that had existed since 1948 and marking the country's first election under universal suffrage. The election was conducted under the direction of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC), and marked the culmination of the four-year process that ended apartheid. Millions queued in lines over a four-day voting period. Altogether, 19,726,579 votes were counted, and 193,081 were rejected as invalid. As widely expected, the African National Congress (ANC), whose slate incorporated the labour confederation COSATU and the South African Communist Party (SACP), won a landslide victory, taking 62 percent of the vote, just short of the supermajority required to unilaterally amend the Interim Constitution. As required by that document, the ANC formed a Government of National Unity with the National Party (NP) and the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), the two other parties that won more than 20 seats in the National Assembly. The governing NP polled just over 20%, and was thus eligible for a post of Vice President to incumbent president De Klerk. The new National Assembly's first act was to elect Nelson Mandela as President, making him the country's first black chief executive. He then appointed the Cabinet of Nelson Mandela. The date 27 April is now a public holiday in South Africa, Freedom Day. Background Apartheid In 1948, the newly elected National Party government in South Africa began to institute apartheid, an institutionalized system of racial segregation that placed sociopolitical dominance in the hands of the European-descended white minority. Under the Population Registration Act, 1950, all South Africans were categorised by the government as White, Black, Coloured (mixed) or Indian. Suffrage was reserved for Whites, interracial sexual relationships were forbidden and over 80% of the country's land was reserved for the white minority. Members of the Black majority were stripped of citizenship under the Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act, 1970, and were instead made citizens of one of the country's "bantustans", territories reserved for various black ethnic groups.apartheid https://www.britannica.com/topic/apartheid Encyclopedia Britannica The South African government faced international condemnation against the backdrop of the decolonisation of Africa, and by the 1980s, the state was struggling with major internal political violence, a war of independence in Namibia and intervention in Angola and a failing economy burdened by international sanctions and the heavy costs of national security, effectively forcing the government to move towards political reform.Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations - The End of Apartheid https://history.state.gov/milestones/1989-1992/apartheid 2024-12-09 Office of the Historian In 1983, P. W. Botha's government approved a new constitution, which implemented a Tricameral Parliament, with additional houses representing the Coloured and Indian populations. However, Blacks remained unrepresented in parliament, with political representation only existing under the bantustan system. Anti-apartheid groups opposed to the Tricameral Parliament instead reorganized under the umbrella of the United Democratic Front. The 1984 election to the non-white houses of parliament also faced widespread boycotts from Indian and Coloured voters.Tricameral Parliament Description 2 https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv01538/04lv01828/05lv02005/06lv02007.htm 2024-12-11 The O'Malley ArchivesUnited Democratic Front (UDF) https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02424/04lv02730/05lv03188/06lv03222.htm 2024-12-11 The O'Malley Archives In 1985, the government introduced a sweeping state of emergency in response to growing civil unrest, which included sweeping restrictions on freedom of movement, freedom of speech and freedom of the press, particularly for non-White South Africans.2015-07-21 State of Emergency - 1985 https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/state-emergency-1985 2024-12-11 South African History Online In 1989, F. W. de Klerk was elected State President of South Africa, succeeding Botha. On 2 February 1990, de Klerk made a speech at the opening of Parliament in Cape Town, in which he unexpectedly announced his intention to unban anti-apartheid groups such as the ANC, SACP and the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC), to release political prisoners such as ANC leader Nelson Mandela and requested a process of negotiation with the anti-apartheid opposition.F. W. de Klerk's speech at the opening of Parliament 2 February 1990 https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02039/04lv02103/05lv02104/06lv02105.htm 2024-12-09 The O'Malley ArchivesO'Carroll Sinead 2015-02-02 On this day 25 years ago, the speech that changed South Africa forever https://www.thejournal.ie/apartheid-anc-fw-de-klerk-1911557-Feb2015/ TheJournal.ie On 11 February, Mandela was released from Victor Verster Prison in Cape Town, after 27 years of incarceration.Adams Cydney 2016-02-11 Feb. 11th, 1990: Nelson Mandela released from prison https://www.cbsnews.com/news/on-this-day-february-11th-1990-nelson-mandela-released-from-prison/ CBS News Political transition Formal negotiations between the ANC and the government were initially scheduled to begin on 11 April 1990. However on 26 March, police opened fire on protestors in the township of Sebokeng, killing 11 people. Consequently, the ANC cancelled the talks, and negotiations were only rescheduled for 2–4 May following an emergency meeting between Mandela and de Klerk. The "talks about talks" were held at the Groote Schuur presidential estate, and were intended to discuss terms before more substantive constitutional negotiations could begin. The parties jointly agreed to aim to end political violence, and to establish a joint working group. On 6 August, the government and ANC issued a further joint declaration, known as the Pretoria Minute, in which the ANC and its armed wing, uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) agreed to the suspension of armed activities, in exchange for the government lifting of the State of Emergency (then only active in Natal Province), further release of political prisoners from September 1990, and a review of certain provisions of the Internal Security Act.Minutes and Accords between the ANC and the South African Government, May 1990 – February 1991 http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/transition/minutes.html https://web.archive.org/web/20060924080916/http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/transition/minutes.html 2006-09-24 2024-12-11 African National CongressSimpson Thula 2009 Toyi-Toyi-ing to Freedom: The Endgame in the ANCs Armed Struggle, 1989-1990 https://www.jstor.org/stable/40283245 Journal of Southern African Studies 35 2 507–521 10.1080/03057070902920015 40283245 2263/14707 145785746 0305-7070 free On 14 September 1991, 24 organisations signed the National Peace Accord, which included a code of conduct for political parties and security forces, and structures for the resolution of political conflict, such as the Goldstone Commission.Camay Phiroshaw Gordon Anne J. The National Peace Accord and its Structures https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02424/04lv03275/05lv03294/06lv03321.htm The O'Malley Archives On 30 November 1991, 19 organisations announced that the first meeting of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) would be held in Johannesburg on 20 and 21 December 1991, in order to discuss constitutional arrangements.1991 https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02039/04lv02040/05lv02042.htm 2024-12-11 The O'Malley Archives The CODESA 1 plenary session saw all participating groups, except for the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) and the government of the Bophuthatswana homeland, agree to a declaration of intent on establishing a united South Africa with common citizenship for all racial groups, and to promote peaceful political participation so that constitutional change could be advanced. Working groups were established with the aim of forming a constitution-making body, deciding the future of the bantustans, and establishing an interim government within a set time frame. CODESA 1 was not attended by the PAC, Conservative Party (CP) or Azanian People's Organisation (AZAPO).Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/convention-democratic-south-africa-codesa 2024-12-20 SA History OnlineTHE CONVENTION FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOUTH AFRICA - CODESA 1 and CODESA 2 (1991-1992) https://www.concourttrust.org.za/uploads/files/Background_to_CODESA_1.pdf 2024-12-20 Constitutional Court Trust Around the same time, de Klerk's National Party government faced a series of whites-only by-election losses, leading his government to hold a referendum on 17 March 1992 on the continuation of the negotiation process. The NP and Democratic Party campaigned for a "Yes" vote, while the CP supported the "No" vote. The referendum produced a landslide victory for the government, with 68.3% of voters voting "Yes" for the process to end the apartheid system.Traydon Robert J. The 'often overlooked' sledgehammer that ended apartheid https://www.news24.com/News24/the-often-overlooked-sledgehammer-that-ended-apartheid-20171019 News24 The second session, CODESA 2, convened at the Kempton Park World Trade Centre on 25 May 1992. The session collapsed following a deadlock on constitutional issues between the ANC and NP.The Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA): CODESA 2 https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/convention-democratic-south-africa-codesa-codesa-2 2024-12-20 SA History Online In response to the failure of negotiations, the ANC announced a campaign of "rolling mass action", encompassing public protests and strikes in order to pressure the government to meet its demands. Events leading to the breakdown of CODESA and the launch of the Rolling Mass Action Campaign https://ourconstitution.wethepeoplesa.org/the-breakdown-of-codesa-and-the-launch-of-rolling-mass-action/ 2025-01-03 WeThePeopleSA On 23 June, the ANC announced the suspension of talks after alleging government complicity in a 17 June massacre against residents of the township of Boipatong by supporters of the Inkatha Freedom Party.Keller Bill 1992-06-04 Mandela, Stunned by Massacre, Pulls Out of Talks on Black Rule http://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/24/world/mandela-stunned-by-massacre-pulls-out-of-talks-on-black-rule.html https://web.archive.org/web/20150526060349/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/24/world/mandela-stunned-by-massacre-pulls-out-of-talks-on-black-rule.html 2015-05-26 The New York Times On 7 September, ANC supporters, marching against the government of Oupa Gqozo in the homeland of Ciskei, were opened fire on by the Ciskei Defence Force in the homeland's capital, Bhisho, killing 29 people. Despite the massacre often being cited as the impetus for a return to negotiations, the aftermath saw an escalation of political violence in Ciskei.Evans Laura 2023 The Bhisho March and Massacre of September 1992: The 'Leipzig Option' and the Meanings of Mass Action in the South African Transition South African Historical Journal 75 3 287–324 10.1080/02582473.2024.2399631 free https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/reports/volume2/chapter7/subsection14.htm Truth and Reconciliation Commission Final Report 1998 2 7 622 "After the Bisho massacre of September 1992, these clashes erupted into more overt warfare, with increasingly sophisticated weapons being used" While negotiations between the ANC and NP had been suspended, unofficial talks were continued from June 1992 without authorization between Cyril Ramaphosa of the ANC and Roelf Meyer of the NP. The talks culminated in the official Record of Understanding between the ANC and the government on the 26 September, recognizing agreements reached between the two in meetings.O'Malley Padraig June 1996 Ramaphosa and Meyer in Belfast – The South African Experience: How the New South Africa was Negotiated https://scholarworks.umb.edu/mccormack_pubs/28 ScholarWorks at UMass Boston John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy and Global Studies25 November 1992 Record of Understanding 26 September 1992 https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02039/04lv02046/05lv02092/06lv02096.htm The O'Malley Archives On 1-2 April 1993, a new multilateral conference, the Multiparty Negotiating Process, was first attended at Kempton Park by 26 different organizations.THE MULTIPARTY NEGOTIATING PROCESS (1993) https://www.concourttrust.org.za/uploads/files/Background_to_Multi-party_Negotiations.pdf Constitutional Court Trust The only significant absent groups were AZAPO and some Afrikaner nationalist organizations.The story of the MPNP https://ourconstitution.wethepeoplesa.org/the-multi-party-negotiating-process/ WeThePeopleSA In October 1992, the IFP initiated the formation of the Concerned South Africans Group (COSAG) alongside the Bantustan governments of Bophuthatswana and Ciskei and the white pro-apartheid Conservative Party, in protest at its alleged sidelining during the negotiation process, and in order to ensure its representation among factions other than the national government and the anti-apartheid opposition. In June 1993, the IFP walked out from the MPNF in protest at the mechanism being used to determine the upcoming election date. Bophuthatswana and Ciskei continued participation until withdrawing in October, upon which COSAG was replaced with the Freedom Alliance, incorporating additional far-right elements.Corder Hugh 1994 Towards a South African Constitution https://www.jstor.org/stable/1096553 The Modern Law Review 57 4 491–533 10.1111/j.1468-2230.1994.tb01957.x 1096553 0026-7961 subscription On 17 November 1993, an MPNF plenary meeting endorsed an interim constitution, under which non-racial elections were due to be held on 27 April 1994. Political violence May 2025 Prior to the political transition, South Africa suffered from serious internal political violence, which intensified following the government's announcement of the negotiation process in 1990.3 February 1992 Political Violence: 1990 https://www.csvr.org.za/political-violence-1990/ Human Rights and Labour Law Yearbook 1991 2 193–219 Political violence was perpetrated by various actors, including the state, anti-apartheid groups, bantustan authorities, Zulu supporters of the Inkatha Freedom Party and pro-apartheid white supremacist groups. Following de Klerk's speech in which he announced political reform, members of the far-right responded by attacking the British embassy in Pretoria and murdering a black civilian in Klerksdorp on 5 February 1990.1990 https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02039/04lv02040/05lv02041.htm The O'Malley Archives On 4 March, military officer Oupa Gqozo overthrew the government of President-for-Life Lennox Sebe in the bantustan of Ciskei in a military coup, prompting two days of rioting which resulted in the South African government deploying troops to quell the unrest.Kraft Scott 6 March 1990 South Africa Sends Troops to Restore Order in Ciskei : Black homelands: A coup leads to rioting and looting. The new leader asks for help, says Pretoria 'has left them behind.' https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-06-mn-1938-story.html Los Angeles Times Conduct Two days before the election, a car bomb exploded in Johannesburg, killing nine people.Century Christian 11 May 1994 Dawn of liberation – 1994 South African election Christian Century 111 16Truth and reconciliation commission Truth and reconciliation commission New cut-off date opens amnesty doors for pre-election bombers http://www.doj.gov.za/trc/media/1996/9612/s961213g.htm live https://web.archive.org/web/20090827211829/http://www.doj.gov.za/trc/media/1996/9612/s961213g.htm 27 August 2009 13 July 2008 South African Department of Justice and Constitutional Development The day before the elections, another one went off, injuring 13.September 2026 The Afrikaner nationalist and pro-apartheid Conservative Party, the official opposition in the outgoing National Assembly, did not contest the elections. The similarly aligned Herstigte Nasionale Party, which had run in the white-only elections in 1989 also chose not to run.September 2026 There was some difficulty in organising the voting in rural areas, but people waited patiently for many hours to vote amidst a palpable feeling of goodwill. An extra day was added to give everyone the chance. International observers agreed that the elections were free and fair.Deegan, Heather (2001). The politics of the new South Africa: apartheid and after. Pearson Education. p. 194. 978-0-582-38227-5. The European Union's report on the election compiled at the end of May 1994, published two years after the election, criticised the Independent Electoral Commission's lack of preparedness for the polls, the shortages of voting materials at many voting stations, and the absence of effective safeguards against fraud in the counting process. In particular, it expressed disquiet that "no international observers had been allowed to be present at the crucial stage of the count when party representatives negotiated over disputed ballots". This meant that both the electorate and the world were "simply left to guess at the way the final result was achieved".Jeffery, A. People's War: New Light on the Struggle for South Africa. Jonathan Ball.April 2026 After initially announcing a boycott due to constitutional disagreements, the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) reversed its decision on 19 April, days before the election. It was added to the already-printed ballot papers by means of a sticker.2014-04-27 The bargain that saved us in 1994 https://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/the-bargain-that-saved-us-in-1994-1680948 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20181101015340/https://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/the-bargain-that-saved-us-in-1994-1680948 2018-11-01 The Sunday Independent1994-04-20 BUTHELEZI ENDS BOYCOTT OF S. AFRICAN VOTE https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/04/20/buthelezi-ends-boycott-of-s-african-vote/ec9c8d56-5eb9-4a35-8f50-03fcb595e731/ Washington Post In rural areas with limited infrastructure, people queued "for days" in order to vote. At midnight on 26–27 April 1994 the previous "orange white blue" flag adopted in 1928 was lowered, and the old (now co-official) national anthem Die Stem ("The Call") was sung, followed by the raising of the new Y-shaped flag and singing of the other co-official anthem, Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika ("God Bless Africa").September 2026 Results National Assembly The 400 members of the National Assembly were chosen from party lists in proportion to each party's share of the national ballot. File:South African National Assembly 1994.svg African National Congress 12237655 252 National Party 3983690 82 Inkatha Freedom Party 2058294 43 Freedom Front 424555 9 Democratic Party 338426 7 Pan Africanist Congress 243478 5 African Christian Democratic Party 88104 2 Africa Muslim Party 34466 0 African Moderates Congress Party 27690 0 Dikwankwetla Party 19451 0 Federal Party 17663 0 Minority Front 13433 0 Sport Organisation for Collective Contributions and Equal Rights 10575 0 African Democratic Movement 9886 0 Women's Rights Peace Party 6434 0 Ximoko Progressive Party 6320 0 Keep It Straight and Simple Party 5916 0 Workers' List Party 4169 0 red Luso-South African Party 3293 0 193112 African Elections Database Senate The 90 members of the Senate were chosen, 10 from each province, by the newly elected provincial legislatures. Each province's Senate seats were allocated in proportion to the parties' representation in the provincial legislature. File:South African Senate 1994.svg</onlyinclude>+Determination of seats in the Senate as a consequence of the 26–29 April 1994 provincial electionsPartySum of votes in the Provincial electionsSeats in the SenateVotes%ECFSGKZNMNWNCNPWCTotal African National Congress12,137,30762.29986388510360 National Party3,492,46717.921121114617 Inkatha Freedom Party2,047,08310.5155 Freedom Front639,6433.28111115 Democratic Party538,6552.761113Total10101010101010101090Source: Constitution of South AfricaConstitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, Schedule 6: "Transitional Arrangements", item 7. In 1997, on the adoption of the final Constitution, the Senate became the National Council of Provinces; its political makeup remained the same, but members were divided into permanent and special delegates, as described in the following table. File:South African National Council of Provinces 1997.svg</onlyinclude>+Initial determination of delegates to the National Council of Provinces at the adoption of the new Constitution on 4 February 1997PartyDelegate typeECFSGKZNMNWNCNPWCTotalAfrican National CongressPermanent5431443623260Special44324424128National PartyPermanent111111231117Special1236Inkatha Freedom PartyPermanent335Special22 Freedom FrontPermanent111115 Democratic PartyPermanent1113Total10101010101010101090Source: Constitution of South Africa Provincial legislature results Members of the provincial legislatures were elected from party lists in proportion to each party's share of the provincial ballot. PartyVotes%ECFSGKZNMNWNCNPWCTotalAfrican National Congress12,137,30762.29482450262526153814266National Party (South Africa)3,492,46717.9264219331212382Inkatha Freedom Party2,047,08310.51003410000044Freedom Front Plus Freedom Front639,6433.2802502121114Democratic Party (South Africa)538,6552.7610520010312Pan Africanist Congress of Azania271,7931.391011000003African Christian Democratic Party117,8250.600011000013Africa Muslim Party51,7730.270000000000Minority Front48,9510.250001000001African Democratic Movement34,2330.180000000000Dikwankwetla Party of South Africa21,8770.110000000000Islamic Party16,7620.090000000000Federal Party y16,2790.080000000000United People's Front10,1230.050000000000Ximoko Progressive Party8,2380.040000000000Women's Rights Peace Party7,2790.040000000000Wes-Kaap Federaliste Party6,3370.030000000000Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International5,4810.030000000000Luso-South African Party5,4230.030000000000South African Women's Party2,6410.010000000000Green Party of South Africa2,6110.010000000000Merit Party2,0280.010000000000Right Party y9210.000000000000Total19,485,730100.00563086813030304042425Valid votes19,485,73099.25Invalid/blank votes147,8410.75Total votes19,633,571100.00 Eastern Cape File:Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature 1994.svg African National Congress 2453790 48 National Party 286029 6 Democratic Party 59644 1 Pan Africanist Congress 59475 1 Freedom Front 23167 0 African Christian Democratic Party 14908 0 Inkatha Freedom Party 5050 0 African Democratic Movement 4815 0 Merit Party 2028 0 13248 Election Resources Free State File:Free State Provincial Legislature 1994.svg African National Congress 1037998 24 National Party 170452 4 Freedom Front 81662 2 Pan Africanist Congress 24451 0 Dikwankwetla Party 17024 0 Democratic Party 7664 0 Inkatha Freedom Party 6935 0 African Christian Democratic Party 6072 0 African Democratic Movement 2008 0 10286 Election Resources Gauteng File:Gauteng Provincial Legislature 1994.svg African National Congress 2418257 50 National Party 1002540 21 Freedom Front 258935 5 Democratic Party 223548 5 Inkatha Freedom Party 153567 3 Pan Africanist Congress 61512 1 African Christian Democratic Party 25542 1 Federal Party 16279 0 Africa Muslim Party 12888 0 Women's Rights Peace Party 7279 0 Luso-South African Party 5423 0 Dikwankwetla Party 4853 0 African Democratic Movement 4352 0 Ximoko Progressive Party 3275 0 25383 Election Resources KwaZulu/Natal File:KwaZuluNatal Provincial Legislature 1994.svg Inkatha Freedom Party 1844070 41 African National Congress 1181118 26 National Party 410710 9 Democratic Party 78910 2 Minority Front 48951 1 Pan Africanist Congress 26601 1 African Christian Democratic Party 24690 1 Freedom Front 18625 0 Africa Muslim Party 17931 0 African Democratic Movement 8092 0 Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International 4626 0 39369 Election Resources Mpumalanga File:Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature 1994.svg African National Congress 1070052 25 National Party 119311 3 Freedom Front 75120 2 Pan Africanist Congress 21679 0 Inkatha Freedom Party 20147 0 Democratic Party 7437 0 African Christian Democratic Party 6339 0 African Democratic Movement 5062 0 Right Party 921 0 12631 Election Resources North-West File:North West Provincial Legislature 1994.svg African National Congress 1310080 26 National Party 138986 3 Freedom Front 72821 1 Pan Africanist Congress 27274 0 Democratic Party 7894 0 Inkatha Freedom Party 5948 0 African Christian Democratic Party 5570 0 African Democratic Movement 3569 0 18974 Election Resources Northern Cape File:Northern Cape Provincial Legislature 1994.svg African National Congress 200839 15 National Party 163452 12 Freedom Front 24117 2 Democratic Party 7567 1 Pan Africanist Congress 3765 0 Inkatha Freedom Party 1688 0 African Christian Democratic Party 1610 0 African Democratic Movement 734 0 3534 Election Resources Limpopo File:Northern Province Provincial Legislature 1994.svg African National Congress 1759597 38 National Party 62745 1 Freedom Front 41193 1 Pan Africanist Congress 24360 0 United People's Front 10123 0 African Christian Democratic Party 7363 0 Ximoko Progressive Party 4963 0 Democratic Party 4021 0 African Democratic Movement 3662 0 Inkatha Freedom Party 2233 0 13702 Election Resources Western Cape File:Western Cape Provincial Legislature 1994.svg National Party 1138242 23 African National Congress 705576 14 Democratic Party 141970 3 Freedom Front 44003 1 African Christian Democratic Party 25731 1 Pan Africanist Congress 22676 0 Africa Muslim Party 20954 0 Islamic Party 16762 0 Inkatha Freedom Party 7445 0 Wes-Kaap Federaliste Party 6337 0 South African Women's Party 2641 0 Green Party 2611 0 African Democratic Movement 1939 0 Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International 855 0 10714 Election Resources Legacy upright|thumb|Mandela voting in the 1994 election Following the elections, 27 April subsequently became a national public holiday, Freedom Day.http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/04/s-africa-marks-democracy-anniversary-2014427114951886747.html S Africa marks democracy anniversary aljazeera.com In a Sunday Independent article on the 20th anniversary of the election, Steven Friedman, who headed the IEC's information analysis department during the election, stated that the lack of a voters roll made verifying the results of the election difficult, and there were widespread accusations of cheating. Friedman characterised the election as a "technical disaster but a political triumph", and intimated that the final results were as a result of a negotiated compromise, rather than being an accurate count of the votes cast, stating that it was impossible to produce an accurate result under the circumstances that the election was held. He wrote that he believed that the result of the election, which gave KwaZulu-Natal to the IFP; gave the National Party 20% of the vote share, and a Deputy President position; and held the ANC back from the two-thirds majority with the ability to unilaterally write the final constitution, helped prevent a civil war. References External links US Department of the Army, South Africa Country Study, "The 1994 Elections" IEC results for 1994 election Proportional representation and alternative systems South Africa Category:Democratization Category:General elections in South Africa South Africa Category:Nelson Mandela