1928 United States presidential election in Michigan

none June 2025 September 2023 1928 United States presidential election 1928 United States presidential election in Michigan Michigan presidential no 1924 United States presidential election in Michigan 1924 1932 United States presidential election in Michigan 1932 All 15 Michigan votes to the Electoral College November 6, 1928 200x200px Herbert Hoover - NARA - 532049.jpg Herbert Hoover Republican Party (United States) California Charles Curtis 15 965,396 70.36% Unsuccessful 1928.jpg Al Smith Democratic Party (United States) New York Joseph T. Robinson 0 396,762 28.92% President Calvin Coolidge Republican Party (United States) Herbert Hoover Republican Party (United States) 375px 375px County results Hoover #f2b3be 40–50% #e27f90 50–60% #cc2f4a 60–70% #d40000 70–80% #aa0000 80–90% The 1928 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/votes/1929_1941.html#1928 1928 Election for the Thirty-Sixth Term (1929-1933) 2018-04-03 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Ever since the Panic of 1893 and the Populist movement, Michigan had been a rigidly one-party polity dominated by the Republican Party.Burnham Walter Dean The System of 1896: An Analysis The Evolution of American Electoral Systems December 23, 1981 178–179 Bloomsbury Academic 0313213798 In the 1894 elections, the Democratic Party lost all but one seat in the Michigan legislature,Swamped! The Democrats Drowned Out by a Tremendous Republican Tidal Wave The L'Anse Sentinel November 10, 1894 L'Anse 1 and over the four ensuing decades the party would never make major gains there. The dominance of the culture of the Lower Peninsula by anti-slavery YankeesEnglish, Gustavus P.; Proceedings of the Ninth Republican National Convention (1888), p. 234 would be augmented by the turn of formerly Democratic-leaning German Catholics away from that party as a result of the remodelled party's agrarian and free silver sympathies, which became rigidly opposed by both the upper class and workers who followed them,Sundquist James Politics and Policy: The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years December 2010 526 Brookings Institution Press 978-0815719090 while the Populist movement eliminated Democratic ties with the business and commerce of Michigan and other Northern states.Rogowski Ronald Commerce and Coalitions: How Trade Affects Domestic Political Alignments 978-0691219431 Princeton University Press 2020 By the 1920s, the only significant financial backer of the state Democratic Party was billionaire William Comstock.Davis Forces See Upset in Michigan: Democrats Claim Nominee Will Lead La Follette Despite Result Indicated in Poll The San Francisco Examiner San Francisco, California October 18, 1924 2 Unlike the other states of the Upper Midwest, the Yankee influence on the culture of the Lower Peninsula was so strong that left-wing third parties did not provide significant opposition to the Republicans, nor was there more than a moderate degree of coordinated factionalism within the hegemonic Michigan Republican Party.Hansen John Mark Shigeo Hirano Snyder Jr. James M. Parties within Parties: Parties, Factions, and Coordinated Politics, 1900-1980 Gerber Alan S. Schickler Eric Governing in a Polarized Age: Elections, Parties, and Political Representation in America February 27, 2017 165–168 Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09509-0 In 1918 a major reaction against incumbent President Woodrow Wilson throughout the Midwest, due to supposed preferential treatment of Southern farmers.Morello John A. Albert D. Lasker, Advertising, and the Election of Warren G. Harding April 30, 2001 64 Bloomsbury Academic 0275970302 Republicans would hold every seat in the State Senate for over a decade after the fall election,Kang Michael S. Hyperpartisan Gerrymandering Boston College Law Review May 29, 2019 69 1395 as they had between 1895 and 1897 and between 1905 and 1911, and every seat in both houses of the state legislature between 1921 and 1923 and again from 1925 to 1927. Despite the one-party dominance of the state's legislature, Woodbridge Nathan Ferris would be elected to the Senate in 1922 as the first Democrat to represent Michigan since 1858 after Newberry v. United States ruled that party primaries were not subject to the Federal Corrupt Practices Act,The ruling in Newberry v. United States was a plurality decision only, and would be overturned in 1941 by United States v. Classic. so that enough Republicans who had opposed Truman Newberry in the fraudulent 1918 primary backed Ferris for him to win by two percentage points.Dunbar Willis Frederick May George S. Michigan, a History of the Wolverine State 549–551 0802870430 1970 Eerdman In 1924, unlike every other Upper Midwestern state, Progressive candidate Robert M. La Follette performed only moderately in heavily YankeePhillips Kevin P. The Emerging Republican Majority 1970 405 Princeton University Press 978-0-691-16324-6 and Polish Lower Michigan.See Lichtman Allan J. Prejudice and the Old Politics: the Presidential Election of 1928 1979 98–99 University of North Carolina Press 0807813583 Even in the more Scandinavian and anti-clerical Upper Peninsula,Stark, Rodney and Christiano, Kevin J.; 'Support for the American Left, 1920-1924: The Opiate Thesis Reconsidered'; Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 31, No. 1 (March, 1992), pp. 62-75 where La Follette support in Michigan was centred, the Wisconsin Senator failed to match his performance in the other Upper Midwest states. Consequently, the inevitable nomination with all other Democrats sitting the election outWarren, Kenneth F.; Encyclopedia of U.S. campaigns, elections, and electoral behavior: A-M, Volume 1, p. 620 1412954894 of La Follette endorsee New York City Catholic Al SmithGlad Paul W. The History of Wisconsin – Volume V: War, a New Era, and Depression, 1914-1940 321 978-0870206320 2013 Wisconsin Historical Society did not make for a significant reaction in Michigan. This was the final election in which Michigan voted for presidential electors directly. The state switched to the modern "short ballot" for the following election. Results + General Election ResultsMichigan State Archives, Canvass of the votes given at the General Election, held in the State of Michigan on Tuesday the sixth day of November, 1928Party Pledged to Elector Votes Republican Herbert Hoover Albert E. Sleeper965,396 Republican Herbert Hoover Ira W. Jayne961,897 Republican Herbert Hoover James B. Bradley961,541 Republican Herbert Hoover Paul Woodworth961,358 Republican Herbert Hoover Charles T. Fisher961,185 Republican Herbert Hoover Clara Comstock Russell961,171 Republican Herbert Hoover Jesse H. Root961,171 Republican Herbert Hoover George Leland961,151 Republican Herbert Hoover Thomas Read961,006 Republican Herbert Hoover Pearle Tyler Colman960,918 Republican Herbert Hoover Mina Humphrey Varnum960,904 Republican Herbert Hoover John K. Brower960,889 Republican Herbert Hoover Seth Q. Pulver960,820 Republican Herbert Hoover George J. Eisele960,745 Republican Herbert Hoover Henry K. Gustin960,264 Democratic Al Smith Minnie F. Kaltenburn396,762 Democratic Al Smith Clark C. Hyatt394,860 Democratic Al Smith Michael Hoban394,787 Democratic Al Smith Sidney T. Miller394,707 Democratic Al Smith Claude O. Taylor394,668 Democratic Al Smith Boyez Dansard394,600 Democratic Al Smith Martin Crocker394,599 Democratic Al Smith George D. Schermerborn394,574 Democratic Al Smith Arthur E. Rudolph394,541 Democratic Al Smith Eugema Ryan394,468 Democratic Al Smith John G. Krauth394,410 Democratic Al Smith DeWitt Vought394,410 Democratic Al Smith Thomas Smurthwaite394,381 Democratic Al Smith Lucius G. Hillyer394,297 Democratic Al Smith John Lennane394,025 Socialist Norman Thomas Arthur H. Wood3,516 Socialist Norman Thomas Edward McAfee3,368 Socialist Norman Thomas Samuel Levin3,367 Socialist Norman Thomas Horace T. Auckerman3,361 Socialist Norman Thomas Sam Weinberg3,358 Socialist Norman Thomas Evert Jarvi3,357 Socialist Norman Thomas Meyer Winacow3,354 Socialist Norman Thomas Jacob Bach3,353 Socialist Norman Thomas Arthur Rubenstein3,353 Socialist Norman Thomas Joseph B. Mentony3,352 Socialist Norman Thomas B. F. Underhill3,351 Socialist Norman Thomas W. L. Miller3,349 Socialist Norman Thomas Abraham Binkow3,348 Socialist Norman Thomas Andrew Semrov3,347 Socialist Norman Thomas Joseph Heideman3,342 Workers William Z. Foster Alexander Wuolikainen2,881 Workers William Z. Foster Walter Johnson2,816 Workers William Z. Foster William Miller2,767 Workers William Z. Foster Sarah Victor2,764 Workers William Z. Foster Emil Ojenus2,761 Workers William Z. Foster Joseph Schmies2,760 Workers William Z. Foster Joseph Gerbert2,748 Workers William Z. Foster Anthony Gerlach2,743 Workers William Z. Foster Stanley Brecht2,736 Workers William Z. Foster Irene Vermeerisch2,734 Workers William Z. Foster David Miller2,731 Workers William Z. Foster Pauline Eiges2,728 Prohibition William F. Varney Marien A. Brooks2,728 Prohibition William F. Varney Edward S. Jennings2,623 Prohibition William F. Varney Charles Butler2,602 Prohibition William F. Varney Harold Luttenbacher2,602 Prohibition William F. Varney Ray O. Bentley2,591 Prohibition William F. Varney Edwin W. Mason2,591 Prohibition William F. Varney Howard L. Holmes2,590 Prohibition William F. Varney Thomas Archer2,588 Prohibition William F. Varney Jacob Imhoff2,587 Prohibition William F. Varney Mary McKnight2,585 Prohibition William F. Varney Belden C. Hoyt2,580 Prohibition William F. Varney Christopher Tucker2,578 Prohibition William F. Varney Libbie Chaterman2,577 Prohibition William F. Varney Emer L. Wilder2,577 Prohibition William F. Varney E. M. Loose2,566 Socialist Labor Verne L. Reynolds Thomas J. Rado799 Socialist Labor Verne L. Reynolds Richard A. O'Brien754 Socialist Labor Verne L. Reynolds Nick Ross748 Socialist Labor Verne L. Reynolds Lazar Kostich743 Socialist Labor Verne L. Reynolds Otto Anderson742 Socialist Labor Verne L. Reynolds John Vonica741 Socialist Labor Verne L. Reynolds Hugo Gerasbeck737 Socialist Labor Verne L. Reynolds John F. Walzel737 Socialist Labor Verne L. Reynolds Steve Mitchell734 Socialist Labor Verne L. Reynolds Frank Robie732 Socialist Labor Verne L. Reynolds Joseph Medved731 Socialist Labor Verne L. Reynolds Paul Sidge730 Socialist Labor Verne L. Reynolds Charles Schwartz729 Socialist Labor Verne L. Reynolds Charles Schepovich728 Socialist Labor Verne L. Reynolds Jordan Theodoroff724Votes cast"highest" Based on highest elector on each ticket 1,372,082 Results by county CountyHaggerty John S. Michigan Official Directory and Legislative Manual for the Years 1929-1930 1929 Lansing 412-413 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4049838&view=1up&seq=468 26 May 2026 Herbert HooverRepublican Al SmithDemocratic Norman ThomasSocialist William Z. FosterWorkers William F. VarneyProhibition Verne L. ReynoldsSocialist Labor Margin Total votes cast"highest" # % # % # % # % # % # % # %Alcona1,14978.81%30220.71%20.14%40.27%10.07%00.00%84758.09%1,458Alger1,71659.05%1,05336.24%240.83%1053.61%40.14%40.14%66322.81%2,906Allegan10,79281.65%2,35817.84%190.14%40.03%400.30%40.03%8,43463.81%13,217Alpena3,46763.43%1,98436.30%70.13%10.02%60.11%10.02%1,48327.13%5,466Antrim2,75684.46%48414.83%100.31%20.06%110.34%00.00%2,27269.63%3,263Arenac1,61267.87%74931.54%80.34%20.08%30.13%10.04%86336.34%2,375Baraga2,20365.27%1,04630.99%30.09%1193.53%40.12%00.00%1,15734.28%3,375Barry6,04479.94%1,45919.30%140.19%20.03%420.56%00.00%4,58560.64%7,561Bay12,46756.88%9,39542.87%190.09%50.02%260.12%50.02%3,07214.02%21,917Benzie1,84984.28%32114.63%160.73%30.14%50.23%00.00%1,52869.64%2,194Berrien19,06468.60%8,55530.78%680.24%200.07%770.28%70.03%10,50937.81%27,791Branch6,81874.51%2,26624.77%190.21%10.01%440.48%20.02%4,55249.75%9,150Calhoun24,37980.40%5,76919.03%690.23%140.05%720.24%180.06%18,61061.38%30,321Cass5,72070.24%2,34628.81%340.42%40.05%330.41%60.07%3,37441.43%8,143Charlevoix3,48979.97%84219.30%250.57%10.02%50.11%10.02%2,64760.67%4,363Cheboygan2,74360.34%1,78439.24%50.11%20.04%110.24%10.02%95921.10%4,546Chippewa5,32668.68%2,35530.37%80.10%540.70%90.12%30.04%2,97138.31%7,755Clare1,92082.62%38116.39%90.39%30.13%70.30%40.17%1,53966.22%2,324Clinton6,16175.04%2,01324.52%80.10%260.32%20.02%00.00%4,14850.52%8,210Crawford77676.30%23723.30%20.20%20.20%00.00%00.00%53953.00%1,017Delta5,42049.59%5,41949.58%440.40%160.15%220.20%90.08%10.01%10,930Dickinson5,84055.57%4,62644.02%260.25%60.06%60.06%50.05%1,21411.55%10,509Eaton8,49378.38%2,28521.09%200.18%10.01%360.33%10.01%6,20857.29%10,836Emmet3,67975.36%1,16623.88%210.43%10.02%120.25%30.06%2,51351.47%4,882Genesee42,74379.37%10,91020.26%830.15%220.04%710.13%240.04%31,83359.11%53,853Gladwin1,79583.76%34115.91%30.14%40.19%00.00%00.00%1,45467.85%2,143Gogebic6,06164.74%3,13433.48%240.26%1181.26%180.19%70.07%2,92731.26%9,362Grand Traverse4,42974.56%1,48925.07%50.08%10.02%160.27%00.00%2,94049.49%5,940Gratiot8,82382.14%1,85417.26%180.17%460.43%00.00%00.00%6,96964.88%10,741Hillsdale8,28280.99%1,89318.51%50.05%20.02%430.42%10.01%6,38962.48%10,226Houghton11,24062.30%6,57336.43%200.11%1710.95%250.14%130.07%4,66725.87%18,042Huron7,04664.79%3,79734.91%40.04%10.01%260.24%10.01%3,24929.88%10,875Ingham29,38378.90%7,65420.55%850.23%160.04%930.25%120.03%21,72958.34%37,243Ionia9,47174.91%3,08924.43%220.17%20.02%570.45%20.02%6,38250.48%12,643Iosco1,87376.79%55222.63%40.16%30.12%70.29%00.00%1,32154.16%2,439Iron4,10363.96%2,26235.26%40.06%320.50%80.12%60.09%1,84128.70%6,415Isabella4,92673.13%1,76226.16%130.19%10.01%340.50%00.00%3,16446.97%6,736Jackson25,08076.71%7,46222.82%380.12%100.03%950.29%80.02%17,61853.89%32,693Kalamazoo23,62679.20%5,94619.93%1580.53%60.02%810.27%130.04%17,68059.27%29,830Kalkaska98884.59%16013.70%131.11%50.43%20.17%00.00%82870.89%1,168Kent56,57375.12%18,22924.21%1540.20%1190.16%2110.28%240.03%38,34450.91%75,310Keweenaw1,30576.58%36021.13%281.64%110.65%00.00%00.00%94555.46%1,704Lake1,14773.06%40926.05%90.57%10.06%40.25%00.00%73847.01%1,570Lapeer6,51482.80%1,31216.68%90.11%20.03%290.37%10.01%5,20266.12%7,867Leelanau1,52162.41%90337.05%30.12%100.41%00.00%00.00%61825.36%2,437Lenawee14,79476.94%4,32122.47%160.08%20.01%880.46%60.03%10,47354.47%19,227Livingston5,64272.88%2,07526.81%40.05%200.26%00.00%00.00%3,56746.08%7,741Luce1,46680.24%35019.16%10.05%60.33%40.22%00.00%1,11661.08%1,827Mackinac1,87957.94%1,35541.78%20.06%10.03%50.15%10.03%52416.16%3,243Macomb12,84563.28%7,36336.27%280.14%180.09%390.19%60.03%5,48227.01%20,299Manistee4,12960.73%2,62438.59%80.12%230.34%130.19%20.03%1,50522.14%6,799Marquette10,87968.81%4,71629.83%360.23%1430.90%270.17%100.06%6,16338.98%15,811Mason4,31872.74%1,56726.40%230.39%70.12%100.17%110.19%2,75146.34%5,936Mecosta4,42280.94%1,00418.38%150.27%30.05%170.31%20.04%3,41862.57%5,463Menominee4,25550.02%4,19849.35%320.38%80.09%110.13%30.04%570.67%8,507Midland4,55582.25%96417.41%40.07%120.22%30.05%00.00%3,59164.84%5,538Missaukee1,75687.19%24712.26%30.15%80.40%00.00%00.00%1,50974.93%2,014Monroe10,20258.27%7,24241.37%150.09%90.05%370.21%20.01%2,96016.91%17,507Montcalm7,69182.54%1,57216.87%140.15%400.43%10.01%00.00%6,11965.67%9,318Montmorency78773.97%27025.38%50.47%20.19%00.00%00.00%51748.59%1,064Muskegon16,99776.28%5,15823.15%550.25%290.13%370.17%50.02%11,83953.13%22,281Newaygo4,55283.29%88816.25%20.04%20.04%190.35%20.04%3,66467.04%5,465Oakland45,34381.53%10,01118.00%1400.25%580.10%430.08%230.04%35,33263.53%55,618Oceana3,55579.55%87119.49%180.40%10.02%210.47%30.07%2,68460.06%4,469Ogemaw1,63073.39%57926.07%40.18%20.09%60.27%00.00%1,05147.32%2,221Ontonagon2,39459.66%1,35333.72%100.25%2405.98%60.15%100.25%1,04125.94%4,013Osceola3,92386.66%58212.86%30.07%170.38%20.04%00.00%3,34173.80%4,527Oscoda47686.39%7313.25%20.36%00.00%00.00%00.00%40373.14%551Otsego1,04968.52%47631.09%30.20%30.20%00.00%00.00%57337.43%1,531Ottawa15,41785.48%2,52414.00%280.16%60.03%560.31%40.02%12,89371.49%18,035Presque Isle1,99265.50%1,02933.84%60.20%30.10%80.26%30.10%96331.67%3,041Roscommon78076.25%23623.07%40.39%30.29%00.00%00.00%54453.18%1,023Saginaw22,46765.61%11,55533.75%610.18%210.06%1200.35%180.05%10,91231.87%34,242Sanilac7,88881.59%1,73617.96%100.10%140.14%160.17%40.04%6,15263.63%9,668Schoolcraft1,82666.81%87732.09%200.73%10.04%80.29%10.04%94934.72%2,733Shiawassee9,85179.40%2,49620.12%130.10%30.02%410.33%30.02%7,35559.28%12,407St. Clair18,17771.57%7,15128.15%150.06%50.02%410.16%100.04%11,02643.41%25,399St. Joseph8,78176.05%2,69823.37%260.23%30.03%340.29%40.03%6,08352.68%11,546Tuscola8,18884.39%1,46415.09%100.10%410.42%00.00%00.00%6,72469.30%9,703Van Buren9,32577.39%2,64321.93%340.28%30.02%400.33%50.04%6,68255.45%12,050Washtenaw19,67678.41%5,30821.15%510.20%90.04%470.19%20.01%14,36857.26%25,093Wayne265,85262.30%157,04736.80%1,6290.38%1,3690.32%3690.09%4520.11%108,80525.50%426,718Wexford4,82584.53%85314.94%120.21%180.32%00.00%00.00%3,97269.59%5,708Totals965,39670.36%396,76228.92%3,5160.26%2,8810.21%2,7280.20%7990.06%568,63441.44%1,372,082 Analysis Neither Smith nor Republican nominees Herbert Hoover of California and running mate Charles Curtis campaigned in Michigan. A small poll at the end of September showed Hoover leading in Michigan by 286 votes to 160,Straw Vote Gives Hoover Big Lead in National Race: Assured of Election as President According to Literary Digest Computation The La Crosse Tribune La Crosse, Wisconsin September 20, 1928 7 whilst a larger poll in October showed Hoover leading by three to one.The Commercial Appeal Memphis, Tennessee Smith Moving Up In Literary-Digest Poll: Straw Vote of 2,000,000 Includes 40 States October 12, 1928 9 As it turned out, the October poll was accurate: Hoover received slightly over seventy percent of the popular vote compared to Smith and running mate Joseph T. Robinson's 28.92 percent.https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=1928&fips=26&off=0&elect=0&f=0 1928 Presidential General Election Results — Michigan 2018-04-03https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showelection.php?year=1928 The American Presidency Project — Election of 1928 2018-04-03 With 70.36 percent of the popular vote, Michigan would prove to be Hoover's second strongest victory in the nation after Kansas.https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/stats.php?year=1928&f=0&off=0&elect=0 1928 Presidential Election Statistics Dave Leip’s Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections 2018-03-05 Hoover nonetheless fell five percent short of Calvin Coolidge's record performance from 1924 due to losses of up to twenty percent in the pro-La Follette western Upper Peninsula, and in heavily Catholic Wayne and Huron Counties. Nevertheless, scholars have demonstrated that there was no realignment of the one-party system in Michigan until the following 1932 election.Burnham; The System of 1896, p. 183 The Democratic Party did however win a seat in the state Senate for the first time since 1916. 2024 11 As of the 2024 presidential election, this remains the last time a Republican presidential candidate carried Wayne County, home of Michigan's most populous city, Detroit,Menendez Albert J. The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004 2005 225–227 McFarland 0786422173Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016 and also the last time any presidential candidate won every single county in the state (which only previously occurred in 1904, 1908, 1920, and 1924). It would also be the last time a candidate received more than 70% of the vote in Michigan. See also United States presidential elections in Michigan Notes References Michigan 1928 United States presidential election