1 Chronicles 5

First Book of Chronicles, chapter 5 1 Chronicles 5 1 Chronicles 4 chapter 4 1 Chronicles 6 chapter 6 Books of Chronicles Old Testament 13 Ketuvim Leningrad-codex-14-chronicles.pdf 250px The complete Hebrew text of the Books of Chronicles (1 and 2 Chronicles) in the Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). 1 Chronicles 5 is the fifth chapter of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Chronicles in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.Ackroyd 1993 113Mathys 2007 268 The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE.Ackroyd 1993 113–114 This chapter focuses on the Transjordanian tribes, geographically from south to north: Reuben (verses 1–10), Gad (verses 11–17) and the half tribe of Manasseh (verses 23–24), as well as the account of the war against the Hagrites (verses 10, 18–22) and the reasoning why Transjordanian tribes were taken away into exile (verses 25–26).Mathys 2007 270 It belongs to the section focusing on the list of genealogies from Adam to the lists of the people returning from exile in Babylon (1 Chronicles 1:1 to 9:34).Ackroyd 1993 113 Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 26 verses in English Bibles, but counted to 41 verses in Hebrew Bible using a different verse numbering (see below). Verse numbering There are some differences in verse numbering of this chapter in English Bibles and Hebrew texts as follows:Note on 1 Chronicles 6:1 in NLT + Verse numbering for 1 Chronicles 5 and 6 English Hebrew6:1–155:27–416:16–816:1–66 This article generally follows the common numbering in Christian English Bible versions, with notes to the numbering in Hebrew Bible versions. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).Würthwein 1995 73-74The extant Codex Sinaiticus only contains 1 Chronicles 9:27–19:17.Würthwein Ernst Der Text des Alten Testaments Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft 2nd Stuttgart 1988 85 3-438-06006-XSwete Henry Barclay Henry Barclay Swete An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek Macmillan and Co. Cambridge 1902 https://archive.org/stream/anintrotooldtes00swetuoft#page/128/mode/2up 129–130 Codex Sinaiticus Old Testament references 1 Chronicles 5:1–3 9: Genesis 46:8–9 9; Exodus 6:14 9; Numbers 26:5–9 9Mathys 2007 270Gilbert 1897 280 Structure The whole chapter belongs to an arrangement comprising 1 Chronicles 2:3–8:40 with the king-producing tribes of Judah (David; 2:3–4:43) and Benjamin (Saul; 8:1–40) bracketing the series of lists as the priestly tribe of Levi (6:1–81) anchors the center, in the following order:Throntveit 2003 376 A David's royal tribe of Judah (2:3–4:43) B Northern tribes east of Jordan (5:1–26) X The priestly tribe of Levi (6:1–81) B' Northern tribes west of Jordan (7:1–40) A' Saul's royal tribe of Benjamin (8:1–40)Throntveit 2003 376 Descendants of Reuben (5:1–10) This section begins with explanation (a kind of midrash) that Reuben did not receive the rights of a firstborn son of Jacob because he slept with Bilhah, his father's concubine (Genesis 35:22 9; cf. Genesis 49:3–4 9). The firstborn rights were passed on to the two sons of Joseph, whereas the leadership was given to Judah (underlined in verse 2 and reflected in its prominence in the lists of tribes themselves) with an unnamed "chief ruler" (certainly pointing to David). Reuben's four sons are only named in verse 4.Mathys 2007 270 Verse 1 Now the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel—he was indeed the firstborn, but because he defiled his father's bed, his birthright was given to the sons of Joseph, the son of Israel, so that the genealogy is not listed according to the birthright;1 Chronicles 5:1 NKJV NKJV Cross references: Genesis 35:22 9; Genesis 49:3–4 9 "Given to the sons of Joseph": Some ancient Hebrew manuscripts, the Syriac and Arabic translations read "to Joseph". This transfer of primogeniture rights refers to Jacob's curse (to Reuben, Jacob's biological firstborn) that the special blessing was given to Joseph (Genesis 49:22-26) and of his two sons (representing two parts of inheritance for the firstborn; Genesis 48:15-20), where Ephraim later emerges as the leading tribe of the two (Judges 2:9; Judges 4:5; Judges 5:14; Judges 8:1-2; Judges 12:1; Judges 12:15). Verse 2 For Judah prevailed above his brethren, and of him came the chief ruler; but the birthright was Joseph's:).1 Chronicles 5:2 KJV KJV "The chief ruler": literally "[to be] prince" (he לְנָגִ֖יד, lə-nā-ḡîḏ H 5057),1 Chronicles 5:2 Hebrew text analysis. Biblehub an apparent reference to David (1 Samuel 13:14), which was from the tribe of Judah,Mathys 2007 270 but later also alluded by the apostolic writer of the Epistle to the Hebrews for Jesus Christ: "It is evident that our Lord sprang out of Judah" (Hebrews 7:14). "Birthright": or "the right of the firstborn",Note on 1 Chronicles 5:2 in NKJV was Joseph's, who received the "double portion" in the land portions of Ephraim and Manasseh, his sons.Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905). Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. 1 Chronicles 5. London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019. Verse 6 Beerah his son, whom Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria carried away captive: he was prince of the Reubenites.1 Chronicles 5:6 KJV KJV "Tiglath-Pilneser" (he תלגת פלנאסר): this form of the name is always used in the Books of Chronicles (also in 2 Chronicles 28:20 HE; 1 Chronicles 5:26 HE has he תלגת פלנסר) for "Tilgath-Pileser" (he תלגת פלאסר as used in 2 Kings 15:29 HE; 2 Kings 16:10 HE or he תלגת פלסר in 2 Kings 16:7 HE).Note on 1 Chronicles 5:6 in ESVStrong's concordance 8407. Tiglath Pileser. Biblehub Descendants of Gad (5:11–17) This section focuses on the tribe of Gad, which settled in the area east of the Jordan river ("Transjordan"), along with the tribes of Reuben and Manasseh (half of the tribe).Tuell 2012 32 The close relationship among these tribes is noted in Numbers 32:20–42 9; Joshua 13:8–33 9; 1 Chronicles 5:18–22, 26 9.Tuell 2012 32 The sources of the genealogies of the descendants of Gad are the documents compiled during the reign of Jotham, King of Judah (c. 750–735 BCE), and Jeroboam, King of Israel (c. 793–753 BCE), that bear no resemblance to other parts of the Bible (cf. Genesis 46:16 9; Numbers 26:15 9).Tuell 2012 32 Verse 16 And they dwelt in Gilead in Bashan, and in her towns, and in all the suburbs of Sharon, upon their borders.1 Chronicles 5:16 KJV KJV "Suburbs" (he מִגְרְשֵׁ֥י, miḡ-rə-šê H 40541 Chronicles 5:16 Hebrew text analysis. Biblehub): "pasturelands" (ESV, NASB, NIV, etc.), "common-lands" or "open lands" (NKJV).Note on 1 Chronicles 5:16 in NKJV "Sharon": is not the same area as the identically named plain south of Carmel, but a Transjordanian region (its precise position uncertain), which is also mentioned on the inscription of Mesha, king of Moab (line 13; dated around 830–810 BCE).Mathys 2007 271 The war against the Hagrites (5:18–22) This section elaborates the conflict against the Hagrites (descendants of Hagar) during the reign of Saul, as briefly mentioned in verse 10 (also in Psalm 83:6 9 Psalm 83:7, where the group was mentioned along with Edom, Ishmael, and Moab), over pastureland.Mathys 2007 270–271 Descendants of Manasseh (5:23–24) This section focuses on the half-tribe of Manasseh, which settled in the area east of the Jordan river ("Transjordan"), along with the tribes of Reuben and Gad.Tuell 2012 32 The close relationship among these tribes is noted in Numbers 32:20–42 9; Joshua 13:8–33 9; 1 Chronicles 5:18–22 9, 1 Chronicles 5:26 9 26.Tuell 2012 32 The exile of Transjordanian tribes (5:25–26) This passage combines the two-phases of the northern Israel kingdom (2 Kings 15:29 9 and 2 Kings 17:6 9; 2 Kings 18:11 9) into a single exile of the Transjordanian tribes, by taking the name of the king from the first, whilst using the deportation place-names of the second phase.Mathys 2007 271 Historical documents only record that Tiglath-pileser conquered Gilead in the east of Jordan.Mathys 2007 271 Verse 26 And the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria, and he carried them away, even the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, and brought them unto Halah, and Habor, and Hara, and to the river Gozan, unto this day.1 Chronicles 5:26 KJV KJV "The spirit of Pul king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria": also translated as "the spirit of Pul, king of Assyria, that is, the spirit of Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria" (NASB). In 2 Kings 15:19 9, the Assyrian king is called Pul (as in late-Babylonian sources) and then in 2 Kings 15:29 9 (also in 2 Kings 16:7 9, 2 Kings 16:10 9 10) as Tiglath-pileser (written as "Tiglath-Pilneser" in 1 Chronicles 5:6, 26 and 2 Chronicles 28:20 9).Mathys 2007 271 See also 22em Chronology of the Bible Hagar Related Bible parts: Genesis 46, Exodus 6, Numbers 3, Numbers 26, Judges 2, Judges 12, 2 Kings 15, 2 Kings 16, 2 Kings 17, 2 Kings 18, 2 Chronicles 28 Notes References Sources Ackroyd Peter R Chronicles, Books of Metzger Bruce M Bruce M. Metzger Coogan Michael D The Oxford Companion to the Bible Oxford University Press 1993 978-0195046458 113–116 Bennett William The Expositor's Bible: The Books of Chronicles Litres 2018 978-5040825196 https://books.google.com/books?id=SZo3DwAAQBAJ Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 9780195288810 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Endres John C. First and Second Chronicles Liturgical Press 2012 https://books.google.com/books?id=mtL0BSEv7i4C 9780814628447 Gilbert Henry L The Forms of the Names in 1 Chronicles 1-7 Compared with Those in Parallel Passages of the Old Testament The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 13 4 Liturgical Press 1897 279–298 10.1086/369250 527992 Hill Andrew E. First and Second Chronicles Zondervan 2003 https://books.google.com/books?id=Sv-LEqnF8Y4C 9780310206101 Mabie Frederick I. The Chronicler's Genealogical Survey of All Israel 1 and 2 Chronicles The Expositor's Bible Commentary Tremper Longman III David E Garland Zondervan 2017 267–308 978-0310531814 https://books.google.com/books?id=E8ESDgAAQBAJ December 6, 2019 Mathys H. P. 14. 1 and 2 Chronicles The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 267–308 978-0199277186 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Throntveit Mark A. Was the Chronicler a Spin Doctor? David in the Books of Chronicles Word & World 2003 23 4 374–381 https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwordandworld.luthersem.edu%2Fcontent%2Fpdfs%2F23-4_David%2F23-4_Throntveit.pdf&pdf=true February 19, 2021 Tuell Steven S. First and Second Chronicles Westminster John Knox Press 2012 978-0664238650 https://books.google.com/books?id=8RKvdfWsmvEC December 30, 2020 Ulrich Eugene The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants 2010 Brill https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament William B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Divrei Hayamim I - I Chronicles - Chapter 5 (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) First Book of Chronicles Chapter 5. Bible Gateway 05