1 Samuel 22

First Book of Samuel chapter 1 Samuel 22 1 Samuel 21 chapter 21 1 Samuel 23 chapter 23 First book of Samuel Old Testament 9 Nevi'im 3 Former Prophets Saul wreekt zich op de priesters van Nob Triomf van het martelaarschap (serietitel) Triumphus Martyrum (serietitel), RP-P-1939-165.jpg 250px "Doeg kills Ahimelech and his family", by Maerten de Vos (1591). 1 Samuel 22 is the twenty-second chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible.Halley 1965 182 Jewish tradition attributes the book to the prophet Samuel, with later additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan;Hirsch Emil G. SAMUEL, BOOKS OF http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13080-samuel-books-of www.jewishencyclopedia.com modern scholarship, however, regards it as a compilation of independent texts dated to 630–540 y.Knight 1995 62Jones 2007 197 This chapter contains the account of David's escape from Saul's repeated attempts to kill him,Jones 2007 209 as well as the massacre of the priests in Nob.Coogan 2007 433 Hebrew Bible Chapter 22 is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5 which records the rise of David as the king of Israel.Jones 2007 207 Text This chapter was originally written in Biblical Hebrew. It is divided into 23 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSama; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 10–11Ulrich 2010 281–282Dead sea scrolls - 1 SamuelFitzmyer 2008 354Q51 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library and 4Q52 (4QSamb; 250 BCE) with extant verses 8–9.Ulrich 2010 281–282Fitzmyer 2008 354Q52 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally created in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).Würthwein 1995 73-74The whole book of 1 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.Codex Sinaiticus Places Israel jerusalem 240 right Ancient Israel Places mentioned in this chapter Israel jerusalem 31.703056 35.195556 Blue_pog.svg 6 Bethlehem 100 top Israel jerusalem 31.823333 35.231111 Blue_pog.svg 6 Gibeah 100 left Israel jerusalem 31.853333 35.0325 Blue_pog.svg 6 Nob 100 left Israel jerusalem 31.85 35.23167 Red_pog.svg 6 Ramah 100 top Israel jerusalem 31.65 35.0025 Blue_pog.svg 6 Adullam 100 left Adullam Gibeah Hereth Mizpah or Mizpeh in Moab Nob Ramah David in Adullam and Moab (22:1–5) David is now an outlaw (this continues throughout chapter 26) and hides in Adullam (he yes none עֲדֻלָּם ʿădul·lām), where he is joined by his family and "all those who were deprived and embittered," and he becomes a leader of a group of "malcontents."Jones 2007 210 Verses 1–2 1David therefore departed from there and escaped to the cave of Adullam. So when his brothers and all his father’s house heard it, they went down there to him. 2And everyone who was in distress, everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was discontented gathered to him. So he became captain over them. And there were about four hundred men with him."1 Samuel 22:1–2 NKJV "Adullam": a "cave", according to the Masoretic Text, which also functioned as a "stronghold" (according to the Septuagint's verse 4), located to the southwest of Jerusalem in the Shephelah.Jones 2007 210 The geographical condition of the wilderness around Adullam in Judah had long been a hideout of fugitives.Coogan 2007 434 Hebrew Bible Verses 3–4 3Then David went from there to [the] Mizpah of Moab; and he said to the king of Moab, "Please let my father and mother come here with you, till I know what God will do for me." 4So he brought them before the king of Moab, and they dwelt with him all the time that David was in the stronghold."1 Samuel 22:3–4 NKJV Due to the uncertainty of his life as an outlaw and its potential impact on his family, David sought asylum for his parents in Moab. He may have made his choice based on his ancestral connections to Moab through Ruth (Ruth 4:17–22) or the Moabites' likely support as an enemy of Saul, who had defeated Moab in battle (1 Samuel 14:47).Ruth 4:17–22 he1 Samuel 14:47 heJones 2007 210 His action proved to be a smart one because Saul was very suspicious of any conspiracy and would kill anyone he suspected of engaging in one, including their families (verses 8 and 13).Jones 2007 210 Verse 5 Then the prophet Gad said to David, "Do not remain in the stronghold; depart, and go into the land of Judah." So David departed and went into the forest of Hereth.1 Samuel 22:5 ESV Gad: later became a court prophet (2 Samuel 24:11–19).Jones 2007 210 "Hereth": a forested area in Judah assumed to be on the border of the Philistine plain, in the southern part of Judah.McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia: ForestAugust 2026 Massacre of the priests of Nob (22:6–23) The sequel narrative to David's visit to Nob opens with Saul sitting in council at Gibeah accusing the members of his own tribe, the Benjaminites,6When Saul heard that David and the men with him had been located—Saul was then in Gibeah, sitting under the tamarisk tree on the height, spear in hand, with all his courtiers in attendance upon him. 7Saul said to the courtiers standing about him, "Listen, Benjaminites! Will the son of Jesse give fields and vineyards to every one of you? And will he make all of you captains of thousands or captains of hundreds?"1 Samuel 22:7–8 he of conspiracy and of not disclosing to him the pact between David and Jonathan (verse 8). He therefore immediately isolates himself from his tribe.Jones 2007 210 Doeg the Edomite, the "chief of the shepherds" in 1 Samuel 21:7, who is now titled "in charge of Saul's servants", reports that Ahimelech aided David by giving him bread and Goliath's sword.Jones 2007 210–211 Ahimelech, who was called to come before Saul, protests his innocence by claiming that he had treated David as Saul's obedient servant and son-in-law without knowledge of a change in David's status.Jones 2007 211 Saul commands his servants to kill the priests, but they refuse to obey; Saul then commands Doeg, who, being an Edomite, executes the entire priesthood of Nob and commits blood revenge on the whole city (verse 19).Jones 2007 211Coogan 2007 434 Hebrew Bible One priest, Abiathar, son of Ahimelech, son of Ahitub, escapes and attaches himself to David, thereby fulfilling the prophecy of 2:27–36,Coogan 2007 435 Hebrew Bible as well as securing for David the service of a priest with the ephod (1 Samuel 23:9–12).Jones 2007 211 The priest Abiathar remained with him as High Priest of Israel until he was eventually banished by Solomon (1 Kings 2:26–27).Jones 2007 211 In the end, this narrative contrasts Saul, whose act of reprisal had cost him service of the priesthood, with David, who had access to YHWH through the only priest left.Jones 2007 211 Verses 9–10 9Then answered Doeg the Edomite, who was set over the servants of Saul, and said, "I saw the son of Jesse going to Nob, to Ahimelech the son of Ahitub. 10And he inquired of the for him, gave him provisions, and gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine."1 Samuel 22:9–10 NKJV The reference to Doeg the Edomite in 1 Samuel 21:7 becomes meaningful in this part of the narrative, which may add to the long-standing animosity between Israel and Edom.Genesis 25:25, 30; Numbers 20:1–21; and Judges 3:7-11Jones 2007 210 See also 22em Abiathar Ahimelech Ahitub Ephod Edomite Goliath Herder Jesse Kohen Philistines Saul Tribe of Benjamin Related Bible parts: 1 Samuel 17, 1 Samuel 18, 1 Samuel 20, 1 Samuel 21 Notes References Sources Commentaries on Samuel Auld Graeme 1 & 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213 James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible Eerdmans 2003 9780802837110 Bergen David T. 1, 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC B&H Publishing Group 1996 9780805401073 Chapman Stephen B. 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2016 978-1467445160 https://books.google.com/books?id=kS4XDAAAQBAJ Evans Paul 1-2 Samuel The Story of God Bible Commentary Tremper Longman Zondervan Academic 2018 978-0310490944 https://books.google.com/books?id=Uy8-DwAAQBAJ Gordon Robert I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&dq=I+%26+II+Samuel:+a+commentary+Gordon&pg=PA338 Paternoster Press 1986 9780310230229 Hertzberg Hans Wilhelm I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&q=Saul+appointed+anointed+instituted&pg=PA19 Westminster John Knox Press 1964 trans. from German 2nd edition 1960 978-0664223182 19 Tsumura David Toshio The First Book of Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC Eerdmans 2007 9780802823595 General Breytenbach Andries Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets Brill 2000 Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&dq=Breytenbach+Who+is+behind+the+Samuel+narrative&pg=PA50 Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy 9789004118713 Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 978-0195288810 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Fitzmyer Joseph A. Joseph Fitzmyer A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC 2008 9780802862419 Grand Rapids, MI Halley Henry H. Henry Hampton Halley Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary 24th (revised) Zondervan Publishing House 1965 https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr registration 0-310-25720-4 Hayes Christine Introduction to the Bible Yale University Press 2015 https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC 978-0300188271 Jones Gwilym H. 12. 1 and 2 Samuel The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 196–232 978-0199277186 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Klein R.W. Samuel, books of https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C Bromiley, Geoffrey W The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Eerdmans 2003 9780802837844 Knight Douglas A https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62 James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists Old Testament Interpretation T&T Clark 1995 9780567292896 Ulrich Eugene The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants 2010 Brill https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament Wm. B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Shmuel I - I Samuel - Chapter 22 (Judaica Press). Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 1 Samuel chapter 22. Bible Gateway 22 Category:David Category:Moab