1856 in the United Kingdom

none December 2020 March 2013 1856 Constituent countries of the United Kingdom England Ireland Scotland Wales Sport 1856 English cricket season Events from the year 1856 in the United Kingdom. Incumbents Monarch – Victoria Prime Minister – Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Whig) Events January – The song Glan Rhondda which will become the national anthem of Wales, Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau (Land of My Fathers), is composed by James James with lyrics by his father Evan James, both residents of Pontypridd.http://www.visitwales.co.uk/about-wales-guide-to-wales-culture-people-and-language/welsh-music-pop-rock-traditional/ Music-About Wales Welsh Assembly Government 2010 2010-12-03 Visit Wales https://web.archive.org/web/20101206201656/http://www.visitwales.co.uk/about-wales-guide-to-wales-culture-people-and-language/welsh-music-pop-rock-traditional/ 6 December 2010 deadWelsh anthem – The background to Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/anthem/pages/anthem-background.shtml 2010-12-03 BBC Cymru Wales 1 December 2008 BBC Cymru Wales history 29 January – Queen Victoria institutes the Victoria Cross. 4 February – The sailing ship Grand Duke is wrecked off St. Govan's Head in Pembrokeshire with the loss of 29 lives. 12 February – American clipper ships Driver and Ocean Queen leave Liverpool and London respectively, both to be lost without trace in the Atlantic, perhaps due to ice, killing 374 and 123 respectively.Missing Ships – The Gales of the Past Winter - A Melancholy Catalogue The New York Herald 12 3 June 1856 2019-06-18 http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030313/1856-06-03/ed-1/seq-12/ Library of Congress thumb|220px|right| 5 March: Covent Garden Theatre fire. 5 March – A fire destroys Covent Garden Theatre in London.Penguin Pocket On This Day Penguin Reference Library 0-14-102715-0 2006 15 March – The Boat Race 1856, first of the annual series rowed between Cambridge and Oxford University Boat Clubs takes place on the River Thames in London, Cambridge wins. 31 March – The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Crimean War. 11 April – Trial of Offences Act provides for criminal trials to be transferred to the Central Criminal Court, the Old Bailey, in London if there is a risk that a fair trial at a local assize may be prejudiced. This is in response to the case of Dr William Palmer, the "Rugeley Poisoner", who on 27 May will be found guilty at the Old Bailey of murder.http://staffscc.net/wppalmer/?page_id=169 The 'Palmer Act' allows trial to be in London Lewis Dave 2003-05-01 William Palmer: The infamous Rugeley poisoner 2024-11-22 2018-08-21 https://web.archive.org/web/20180821163516/http://staffscc.net/wppalmer/?page_id=169 dead Wayback Machine 19 April – The iron-hulled paddle steamer Persia (launched on the Clyde, 1855) sets out from Liverpool on a 9-day, 16-hour transatlantic crossing at an average 13.11 knots (24.28 km/h) to regain the Blue Riband for the Cunard Line. July – Pauline, Lady Trevelyan, paints an image of the local wild poppies on a pilaster at her home of Wallington Hall, Northumberland; her most noted contribution to the Pre-Raphaelite masterpiece that is the central hall here.Wallington: An Illustrated Souvenir. National Trust, 1982.ArtUK. 9 July – Natal becomes a Crown Colony.Palmer Alan Palmer Veronica 1992 The Chronology of British History Century Ltd London 276–277 0-7126-5616-2 15 July – An underground explosion at the Cymmer Colliery in the Rhondda kills 114 men and boys.Porth & Cymmer http://webapps.rhondda-cynon-taf.gov.uk/heritagetrail/rhondda/porth/porth.htm Rhondda Cynon Taf Library Service Heritage Trail 2010-10-15 https://web.archive.org/web/20110110044120/http://webapps.rhondda-cynon-taf.gov.uk/heritagetrail/rhondda/porth/porth.htm 10 January 2011 deadCymmer Colliery disaster Welsh Coal Mines http://www.welshcoalmines.co.uk/deathrolls/cymmer.htm 2010-10-15 29 July – Education Department Act creates the post of Vice President of the Committee of Council on Education.Education in England: a history Derek Gillard 2018 https://education-uk.org/history/timeline.html HDA 2020-10-24 3 September – The Royal British Bank collapses with debts in excess of £500,000. 22 September – Robert Mushet patents improvements to the Bessemer process for the production of steel.Stephen van Dulken Inventing the 19th Century: the great age of Victorian inventions London British Library 2001 0-7123-0881-4 30 8 October The Second Opium War between several western powers, including the United Kingdom, and China begins with the Arrow Incident on the Pearl River. Free Trade Hall inaugurated in Manchester. 1 November – Anglo-Persian War: War is declared between Britain and Persia in response to a Persian invasion of Afghanistan with the objective of capturing Herat. November – The first known rules of modern croquet are registered by Isaac Spratt in London.Max Hooper Croquet History Isaac Spratt, a Forgotten Pioneer of Croquet Hawaii Maui Croquet Club 1 December – Under the County and Borough Police Act, in any county or area where a police force has not already been established, the Justices of the Peace must from this date take steps to create one according to nationally defined standards.Stephen Friar The Sutton Companion to Local History rev. Stroud Sutton Publishing 2001 0-7509-2723-2 243 2 December – National Portrait Gallery, London formally established.Gallery history http://www.npg.org.uk/about/history.php National Portrait Gallery 2011-08-26 20 September 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160920220655/http://www.npg.org.uk/about/history.php dead 9 December – Bushehr surrenders to the British. Undated – Edward Stanley Gibbons begins the sale of collectable postage stamps in his father's pharmacy in Plymouth, origin of the firm of Stanley Gibbons.The Story of Stanley Gibbons Michael Briggs Gibbons Stamp Monthly 52–59 http://www.gibbonsstampmonthly.com/Journals/GSM/Gibbons_Stamp_Monthly/July_2006/attachments/sgstory.pdf 2011-01-14 July 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225330/http://www.gibbonsstampmonthly.com/Journals/GSM/Gibbons_Stamp_Monthly/July_2006/attachments/sgstory.pdf 27 September 2007 dead Publications Mrs Craik's novel John Halifax, Gentleman.Q. D. Leavis Fiction and the Reading Public 2nd London Chatto & Windus 1965 James Anthony Froude's History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth, begins publication. Charles Reade's novel It is Never too Late to Mend. W. H. Smith's pamphlet Was Lord Bacon the Author of Shakespeare's Plays?, the start of Baconian theory. Births 5 February – Frank Podmore, psychical researcher (died 1910) 14 February – Frank Harris, Irish-born author, editor and socialite (died 1931) 4 March Julius Drewe, retailer (died 1931) Alfred William Rich, watercolour painter and author (died 1921) 8 March – Bramwell Booth, Salvation Army General (died 1929) 12 April – William Martin Conway, art critic and mountaineer (died 1937) 15 April – Tom Mann, trade unionist (died 1941) 28 April – Bernhard Gillam, political cartoonist (died 1896) 22 June – H. Rider Haggard, adventure novelist (died 1925) 26 July – George Bernard Shaw, Irish-born playwright and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1950) 8 August – Thomas Anstey Guthrie, comic novelist 'F. Anstey' (died 1934) 10 August – William Willett, promoter of daylight saving time (died 1915) 15 August – Keir Hardie, Scottish trade unionist and politician, founder of the Independent Labour Party (died 1915) 6 October – William Shea, actor (died 1918) 23 October – William Thomas Turner, Cunard ship's captain (died 1933) 14 November – J. M. Robertson, Liberal Party politician, writer and journalist, Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade (died 1933) 1 December – Malcolm Smith, politician (died 1935) 11 December – Edward John Bevan, chemist, partner of Charles Frederick Cross (died 1921) 18 December – J. J. Thomson, physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1940) 25 December – Samuel William Knaggs, civil servant in the West Indies (died 1924) Deaths 4 January – Charles Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Marquess of Ailesbury, politician (born 1773) 17 February – John Braham, operatic tenor (born c. 1774) 25 February – George Don, botanist (born 1797) 6 March – Thomas Attwood, economist and political reformer (born 1783) 14 June – William Palmer, "The Rugeley Poisoner", physician and probable serial murderer, hanged (born 1824) 14 July – Edward Vernon Utterson, lawyer, literary antiquary, collector and editor (born 1775/6) 6 August – Robert Lucas de Pearsall, composer (b. 1795) 14 August – William Buckland, geologist, palaeontologist and theologian (born 1784) 29 August – Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck, Christian writer (born 1778) 30 August Gilbert Abbott à Beckett, comic writer (born 1811) Sir John Ross, Arctic explorer (born 1777) 1 September – Sir Richard Westmacott, sculptor (born 1775) 19 October – Josceline Percy, admiral (born 1784) 1 November – John Urpeth Rastrick, railway engineer (born 1780) 21 November – James Meadows Rendel, civil engineer (born 1799) 23 November – Thomas Seddon, landscape painter, in Egypt (born 1821) 28 November – Frederick William Beechey, explorer (born 1796) 23/24 December – Hugh Miller, Scottish geologist, suicide (born 1802) References 1856 Category:Years of the 19th century in the United Kingdom Category:1856 by country Category:1856 in Europe Category:1850s in the United Kingdom