1900 Carlist Sublevation

1900 Carlist Sublevation the Carlist Wars Cuartel de Badalona.png 300px Badalona barracks. The Civil Guards who resisted the attack of the Carlists. October 28, 1900 Badalona Government victory Spain 1785 Kingdom of Spain 22px Carlist insurgents Salvador SolivaManuel Puigvert Sergeant Cesáreo García Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown The Carlist uprising of October 1900 was an attempted armed insurrection that originated in Badalona, a city on the border with Barcelona, and which spread to other towns in Spain, although the attempted rebellion quickly failed. Precedents The crisis of the Alfonsine monarchy due to the situation in Cuba and in the Philippines, had given new cheers to Carlism. In the climate of tension, in March 1897 isolated groups rose up in Puebla de San Miguel (Valencia) Escarceos El Día March 8, 1897 1 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0002372638&page=1 and Castelnou and Calanda (Teruel),The Carlist agitation: A game in Teruel El Imparcial March 8, 1897 1 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000777125&page=1 which generated a certain social alarm. The newspapers also reported unrest in the Carlist centers of various provinces.The Carlists (official telegrams) La Época March 11, 1897 2 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000621445&page=2Madrid La Renaixensa March 11, 1897 10 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0004215781&page=10 However, both the Carlist deputies in Congress and the traditionalist newspaper El Correo Español, assured that the Carlists were calm and that they were not organizing any generalized uprising. The deputy Matías Barrio y Mier strongly condemned the attempt, declaring that the rebels had "acted impatiently, on their own, following irresistible impulses of their enthusiasm, and disobeying our instructions" Carlism.—Declarations of Barrio and Wed El Correo Militar March 11, 1897 2 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0003206427&page=2 and stating that "what is supposed and attributed to us would be unpatriotic in the present circumstances."The Carlists The Correspondence of Spain March 12, 1897 3 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000425817&page=3 The following year, in April 1898, faced with the imminent war between Spain and the United States after the sinking of the Maine, Don Carlos stated in letter to Vázquez de Mella, who would not do anything that could hinder Spain's victory, for "not assuming before History the responsibility of the loss of Cuba. However, once the defeat occurred, the Carlists planned a new uprising and had dealings with some generals and military units of the Army.González Calleja 1998 p. 191 Conspiracy In Madrid the Conspiracy Board was chaired by Marquis of Cerralbo, delegate of Don Carlos in Spain, with count of Casasola as treasurer. Parties would have to be formed in Segovia, Burgos and Valladolid, which would take weapons and uniforms from the Civil Guard. Also involved were the Carlist generals Gutiérrez Solana in Álava and Eulogio Isasi in Vizcaya, as well as a cavalry colonel in Álava and a lieutenant colonel from artillery in Guipúzcoa. The count of Rodezno, Tirso de Olazábal and Cerralbo would be in charge of the agitation on the border, for which they had the support of the French legitimists. In Aragón the plot was led by barón de Sangarren and in Valencia Army officers were involved.González Calleja 1998 p.204 The Carlist conspiracy would end up failing, among other things, because General Weyler, who was involved in it, withdrew his supportGonzález Calleja 1998 p.191 and the European powers showed their opposition to the movement. The Marquis of Cerralbo left Spain and presented his resignation, being replaced in December 1899 by Matías Barrio y Mier. The Carlist youth would attribute the failure to the opposition of Doña Berta, second wife of Don Carlos, who was said to have arrested the suitor when he had already left for Spain. However, some Carlists thought that this was the best opportunity to triumph and would try to carry out the uprising without the authorization of the main leaders.Espasa 1928 p.504 In Catalonia, Don Jaime was the general in chief and in January 1899 he had been named chief of the General Staff of the Royal Army of Catalonia General Moore, who had the delegation of Captain General Rafael Tristany to direct the organization and preparation work throughout Catalonia.Ferrer Dalmau 1959 p.234 General Moore imposed his military authority in the region over the Carlist civil boards, established the party's Treasury as a military body and divided the territory into military zones. He appointed José de España general treasurer of Catalonia (assimilated to general of the Army), José Muntadas treasurer of the province of Barcelona and interim head of the Barcelona brigade, colonel Salvador Soliva.Ferrer Dalmau 1959 p.259 Matías Ripoll was the general commander of Barcelona. In the other Catalan provinces Juan Baró had been appointed general commander of Gerona and Francisco Cavero general in chief of the Division of Lérida and Tarragona. 3,450 Remington rifles and more than 300,000 cartridges were acquired, in addition to abundant belts, uniforms and berets. Despite the preparations, finally the order for the uprising did not arrive from Don Carlos, so Muntadas, Soliva and other leaders of Barcelona intended to carry out the uprising without the order and "above the king." ». Moore,Ferrer 1959 p.260 opposed this, informing the leadership that anyone who rose up without his order would be dismissed from employment and position. On October 24, he called the brigadier Manuel Puigvert and the mayor Juan Puigvert to dissuade Soliva, who, however, had already given the order to lift up on October 28, 1900.Ferrer Dalmau 1959 p.262 The uprising thumb|250px|Caricature of the Carlist uprising, in which numerous Carlist militiamen emerge from a lunch basket where they were hiding The beginning of the insurrection took place on October 28 in Badalona, when between twenty and thirty men led by José Torrents, dressed in a blue blouse, red beret and belt and suspenders, they appeared armed with blunderbusses, Remington carbines and shotguns, in front of the Civil Guard barracks, White flags, berets red: a political history of Carlism, 1876-1939 https://books.google.com/books?id=9iMZuJfVwp0C&pg=PA33 Marcial Pons History 2006 33 9788496467347 es shouting "Long live Carlos VII!", Spanish News: The Carlist Uprising Caras y Caretas December 15, 1900 12–14 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0004107058&page=12 leading to an intense shootout between the rioters and the police, who closed the doors and shot from the windows, killing the Carlist leader Torrents. After several minutes, the Carlists fled, being pursued by the police forces that lived in the barracks. Public order in Barcelona: Badalona La Época October 30, 1900 1 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm? Shortly before the revolt, of which the authorities were aware, several house searches had been carried out in the homes of prominent Carlists and numerous arrests had been made, among them, those of Salvador Soliva, titled chief general of the Carlist army in Catalonia and of his assistant, Captain José María Alegría.Carlist parties: Records in Barcelona El Liberal October 31, 1900 1 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0001344245&page=1 After the events, the brothers and father were arrested by José Torrents.Carlist Parties The Military Correspondence October 31, 1900 2 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm In addition to the action in Badalona, another group led by José Grandia rose up in Gironella with workers from the factories in the area, which remained for half a month in the mountains of Berga, as well as others in several Catalan towns such as Igualada, Fígols, Aviá, or Moncada, which lasted two or three days.Fernández Escudero Agustín The 17th Marquis of Cerralbo (1845-1922) http://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/3636927.pdf In Calella Manuel Puigvert alias "Socas" he commanded a party of about 20 or 30 men and in Castelldefels José Miró alias "Pepus" to the mountain with 22 students, being arrested at the beginning of November in San Quintín de Mediona.González Calleja Eduardo The reason for force: public order, subversion and political violence in Restoration Spain (1875-1917) 1998 CSIC 84-00-07778-4 There were minor attempts at insurrection also in other parts of Spain, for example, in the Valencian region in Alicante and Liria (60 men), in the Sierra de la Carrasqueta (20-30 men), Alcoy and in Alcalá de Chivert ( 14-30 men); and in the province of Jaén in Quesada, Úbeda (12 men) and Baeza (13 arrested). After the attempt, the government closed all the Carlist circles in Spain and suspended their press for a few months. Motivations According to the report that Soliva presented to Don Carlos in 1901, the conspirators contemplated the possibility that the uprising was a "riot", which would not immediately overthrow the government, but would serve to make the projected loan fail. by the Minister of Finance Raimundo Fernández Villaverde, which they considered would be beneficial for the Carlist cause.M. Apsmav Dr. Loyal 1904 p.15 thumb|265px|Torre de Baró, in Moncada, where the seditionists gathered after their attack on Badalona. Likewise, according to Soliva, General Moore had been in contact with José Janer y Ferrán, a stockbroker and committed Carlist, with the intention that the insurrection would also serve to make a stock market move, something that Moore would have hidden from Soliva and Muntadas.C. M. Apsmav Dr. Loyal 1904 p.16 After the failed uprising, Don Carlos declared those involved in it traitors. In response, they wrote a statement in Perpignan to submit to the suitor, in which they acknowledged that they had "anticipated" his orders and had acted impatiently, but that what had moved them was the crisis that Catalonia was going through after the colonial loss, a period that they predicted "a precursor to other misfortunes", foreseeing a paralysis of their industries.C. M. Apsmav Dr. Loyal 1904 p.41 In the same exhibition, which ultimately would not be sent although it would be made public in 1904, they reminded the suitor that before the Treaty of Paris he had committed to using force in case the government caused "a disgrace to the country", which they considered had occurred not only with the sale of the Antilles, but also of the entire Philippine archipelago. The uprising would have been, according to its promoters, "a last effort" to save Spain.C. M. Apsmav Dr. Leal 1904 p.42 The traditionalist historian Melchor Ferrer described the uprising as "the only manly demonstration that occurred in Spain to protest against the shame of the colonial disaster and against the disastrous policy of the Queen Regent."Letters of Deusto (vol. VII) 1977 Universidad de Deusto 64 https://books.google.com/books?id=3xYUAQAAMAAJ&q=%22se+clausuraron+los+c%C3%ADrculos+carlistas%22 Aftermath In 1906, in response to the anticlerical projects of the José López Domínguez government, one of the last Carlist attempts would take place before the requetés uprising of 1936, rising in Valls the departure of Pablo Güell alias "el Rubio", in Calella that of Manuel Puigvert alias "el Socas" and in Rajadell that of Guillermo Moore. As in the attempt of 1900, these parties would act without the permission of the authorities of the Carlist party.Ferrer Dalmau 1959 p.291-293 References Sources González Calleja The reason for force: public order, subversion and political violence in Restoration Spain (1875-1917) 1998 CSIC 84-00-07778-4 https://books.google.com/books?id=DvE0gsxVyuQC&pg=PA204 Espasa Voice "Traditionalism" European-American Illustrated Universal Encyclopedia 63 376–506 1928 84-239-4563-4 White flags, berets red: a political history of Carlism, 1876-1939 https://books.google.com/books?id=9iMZuJfVwp0C&pg=PA33 Marcial Pons History 2006 33 9788496467347 es González Calleja Eduardo The reason for force: public order, subversion and political violence in Restoration Spain (1875-1917) 1998 CSIC 84-00-07778-4 Fernández Escudero Agustín The 17th Marquis of Cerralbo (1845-1922) http://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/3636927.pdf Juan Bardina Los carlo-traidores: Posthumous memory of General D. Salvador Soliva 1904 Valencia Biblioteca Españolista https://bvpb.mcu.es/%20es/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.cmd?path=5734&interno=S&presentacion=pagina&registrardownload=0&position=175 External links Memoria elevada por José B. Moore a Don Carlos sobre los sucesos del 28 de octubre de 1900 (February 10, 1901) Category:1900 conflicts Category:Badalona Category:Carlism in Catalonia