1 Chronicles 12

First Book of Chronicles, chapter 12 1 Chronicles 12 1 Chronicles 11 chapter 11 1 Chronicles 13 chapter 13 Books of Chronicles Old Testament 13 Ketuvim Leningrad-codex-14-chronicles.pdf 250px The complete Hebrew text of the Books of Chronicles (1 and 2 Chronicles) in the Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). 1 Chronicles 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Chronicles in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.Ackroyd 1993 113Mathys 2007 268 The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE.Ackroyd 1993 113–114 This chapter contains the list of people who joined David: before his coronation (verses 1–22) and after he was made king in Hebron (verses 23–40).Mathys 2007 274 The whole chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingship of David (1 Chronicles 9:35 to 29:30).Ackroyd 1993 113 Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 40 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).Würthwein 1995 73–74 Structure 1 Chronicles 11 and 12 combine a 'variety of chronologically and geographically disparate lists' to establish the unity of "all Israel" (north and south), with their unanimous recognition of David's kingship. The outer framework consists of David's anointing at Hebron (1 Chronicles 11:1–3; 12:38–40) to enclose the lists of the warriors who attended the festivities (11:10–47; 12:23–38). The inner framework comprises the lists of David's forces while at Ziklag (12:1–7; 12:19–22) to enclose the warriors who joined him at “the stronghold” (12:8–18).Williamson, H. G. M. "'We are Yours, O David': The Setting and Purpose of 1 Chronicles xii 1-23," in B. Albrektson et al., "Remembering All the Way" (Leiden: Brill, 1981) pp. 164–176. apud Throntveit, Mark A. "Was the Chronicler a Spin Doctor? David in the Books of Chronicles". Word & World (2003) 23 (4) 376. The mighty men join David (12:1–22) The first set of lists of the chapter contains the warriors joining David before he became king. It divides into four sections: the Benjaminites who came to David in Ziklag (verses 1–8); the Gadites who came to David's mountain stronghold (verses 9–16), as well as the people of Benjamin and Judah (verses 17–19); the people of Manasseh came to David in Ziklag (verses 20–22). Although only four tribes were mentioned, the structure clearly points to the conclusion in verse 22, that David got much support.Mathys 2007 274 The account of Manassites summarizes some incidents in 1 Samuel 28–30.Endres 2012 32 Verses 1–2 1Now these are they that came to David to Ziklag, while he yet kept himself close because of Saul the son of Kish: and they were among the mighty men, helpers of the war. 2They were armed with bows, and could use both the right hand and the left in hurling stones and shooting arrows out of a bow, even of Saul's brethren of Benjamin.1 Chronicles 12:1–2 KJV KJV This passage suggests that some people of Benjamin defected to David while Saul was still reigning (cf. 2 Samuel 2:12–32 9).Coogan 2007 596 Hebrew Bible "Ziklag": located within the territory of Judah allotted to the tribe of Simeon (Joshua 19:5 9; 1 Chronicles 4:30 9). During Saul's reign, the Philistines apparently seized it, so their king, Achish of Gath, could give it to David, who set his headquarters in that place for sixteen months until the death of Saul (1 Samuel 27:6–7 9; 1 Samuel 30 9).Coogan 2007 596 Hebrew BibleEllicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905). Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. 1 Chronicles 12. London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019. Verses 3-4 3 The chief was Ahiezer, then Joash, the sons of Shemaah the Gibeathite; and Jeziel and Pelet, the sons of Azmaveth, and Beracah and Jehu the Anathothite, 4 and Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty. Then Jeremiah, Jahaziel, Johanan, Jozabad the Gederathite,1 Chronicles 12:3-4 NASB1995 NASB1995 Verse 18 Then the Spirit clothed Amasai, chief of the thirty, and he said, “We are yours, O David, and with you, O son of Jesse! Peace, peace to you, and peace to your helpers! For your God helps you.” Then David received them and made them officers of his troops.1 Chronicles 12:18 ESV ESV Amasai's prophetic words, with "peace" (he שָׁל֜וֹם, shā-lōm H 79651 Chronicles 12:18 Hebrew text analysis. Biblehub) mentioned three times, speak of David's closeness with his supporters at the beginning of his rise to power. This relationship would be dissolved when the kingdom was divided in the time of Rehoboam's reign (2 Chronicles 10:16 9).Endres 2012 32 "The thirty": is translated from the original Hebrew word he השלושים, which in Masoretic tradition is written (ketiv) with punctuation as he הַשָּׁלִישִׁים֒, ha-shə-lō-shîm (meaning "thirty"), but read (qere) as he הַשָּׁלִישִׁים֒, ha-shā-lî-shîm (meaning "captains" or "officers"). Nadav Na'aman shows that the reading as "shālîsh" ("officer") is the correct understanding and clarifies problems in interpreting 2 Samuel 23:8–39 9, 1 Chronicles 11:10–41 9 and related passages,Na'aman 1988 79 following the interpretation of B. A. Mastin that "shālîshîm" are 'high-ranking officers who were called "of the third rank" simply because they came after the king and his senior officers'.Mastin, B. A. "Was the šālîš the third man in the chariot?", Supplements to Vetus Testamentum 30 (1979), pp. 125-154. apud Na'aman 1988, p. 71 Verse 19 And some from Manasseh defected to David when he was going with the Philistines to battle against Saul; but they did not help them, for the lords of the Philistines sent him away by agreement, saying, "He may defect to his master Saul and endanger our heads."1 Chronicles 12:19 NKJV NKJV The battle between Saul and the Philistines was mentioned in chapter 10 and the case of David not involved in that battle was summarized from 1 Samuel 29:1–30 9.Coogan 2007 597 Hebrew Bible David's army at Hebron (12:23–40) The subsequent list is bracketed by brief accounts of David's coronation in Hebron (verses 23, 38–40); structured as a kind of military census. David was accepted as king by all people with all their hearts (verse 38), followed by great feasts of joy, unique to the Chronicles (cf. e.g. 1 Chronicles 29:22 9; 2 Chronicles 30:21-6 9).Mathys 2007 274 The three-day celebration involves many foodstuffs brought by donkeys, mules, camels and oxen from three northern tribes: Issachar, Zebulun and Naphtali, such as bread, fig-cakes, raisins and wine.Endres 2012 34 The mood is described in the word "joy" (or "rejoicing"; verse 40) which later appears in Hezekiah's Passover festival (2 Chronicles 30:23 9, 2 Chronicles 30:26 9 26) and post-exilic worship festivals (Nehemiah 8:12 9, 17; Nehemiah 12:43 9).Endres 2012 34 Verse 23 And these are the numbers of the bands that were ready armed to the war, and came to David to Hebron, to turn the kingdom of Saul to him, according to the word of the Lord.1 Chronicles 12:23 KJV KJV Saul's kingdom was passed on peacefully to David in Hebron (cf. 1 Chronicles 10:14–11:3).Mathys 2007 274 See also 22em David's Mighty Warriors Hebron Jerusalem Ziklag Related Bible parts: 1 Samuel 27, 1 Samuel 30, 2 Samuel 2, 1 Chronicles 10, 1 Chronicles 11, 1 Chronicles 29 References Sources Ackroyd Peter R Chronicles, Books of Metzger Bruce M Bruce M. Metzger Coogan Michael D The Oxford Companion to the Bible Oxford University Press 1993 978-0195046458 113–116 Bennett William The Expositor's Bible: The Books of Chronicles Litres 2018 978-5040825196 https://books.google.com/books?id=SZo3DwAAQBAJ Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 9780195288810 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Endres John C. First and Second Chronicles Liturgical Press 2012 https://books.google.com/books?id=mtL0BSEv7i4C 9780814628447 Hill Andrew E. First and Second Chronicles Zondervan 2003 https://books.google.com/books?id=Sv-LEqnF8Y4C 9780310206101 Mabie Frederick I. The Chronicler's Genealogical Survey of All Israel 1 and 2 Chronicles The Expositor's Bible Commentary Tremper Longman III David E Garland Zondervan 2017 267–308 978-0310531814 https://books.google.com/books?id=E8ESDgAAQBAJ December 6, 2019 Mathys H. P. 14. 1 and 2 Chronicles The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 267–308 978-0199277186 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Na'aman Nadav The List of David's Officers (šālîšîm) Vetus Testamentum 38 1 1988 71–79 10.2307/1518123 1518123 Tuell Steven S. First and Second Chronicles Westminster John Knox Press 2012 978-0664238650 https://books.google.com/books?id=8RKvdfWsmvEC December 30, 2020 Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament William B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Divrei Hayamim I - I Chronicles - Chapter 12 (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) First Book of Chronicles Chapter 12. Bible Gateway 12