195 Broadway

Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York September 2025 February 2020 195 Broadway 195 Broadway (55312936447).jpg The white granite facade of 195 Broadway as seen from the corner of Fulton Street and Broadway Seen from Fulton Street and Broadway American Telephone & Telegraph Company Building, Western Union Building 195–207 Broadway Financial District, Manhattan, New York City, New York United States yes region:US-NY dms inline,title 1912 1922 1916 Commercial Neoclassical 422 ft m 398 ft m 29 30 L&L Holding Company William Welles Bosworth yes NYCL 2194 July 25, 2006 Designated entity Exterior NYCL 2199 July 25, 2006Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 2006 . 1 Designated entity First-story interior https://www.emporis.com/buildings/115225/195-broadway-new-york-city-ny-usa 195 Broadway Emporis March 13, 2017 usurped https://web.archive.org/web/20170314063717/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/115225/195-broadway-new-york-city-ny-usa March 14, 2017 195 Broadway, also known as the Telephone Building, Telegraph Building, or Western Union Building, is an early skyscraper on Broadway in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. The building was the longtime headquarters of AT&T Corp. and Western Union. It occupies the entire western side of Broadway from Dey to Fulton Streets. The site of the building formerly was occupied by the Western Union Telegraph Building. The current 29-story, 422 ft m mid -tall building was commissioned after AT&T's 1909 acquisition of Western Union. It was constructed from 1912 to 1916 under the leadership of Theodore Newton Vail, to designs by William W. Bosworth, although one section was not completed until 1922. It was the site of one end of the first transcontinental telephone call, the first intercity Picturephone call, and the first transatlantic telephone call. Though AT&T's headquarters relocated to 550 Madison Avenue in 1984, 195 Broadway remains in use as an office building 2024 y. Bosworth's design was heavily Greek-influenced: though the facade is made of white Vermont granite, it features layers of gray granite columns in Doric and Ionic styles, as well as various Greek-inspired ornamentation. The northwestern corner of the building was designed similar to a campanile with a stepped roof, which formerly supported the Spirit of Communication statue. The Greek design carried into the large lobby, clad with marble walls and floors, and containing sculptural ornament by Paul Manship and Gaston Lachaise. The exterior and first-floor interior spaces were designated as city landmarks by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 2006. Site 195 Broadway is on the west side of Broadway, between Fulton Street to the north and Dey Street to the south, in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City.NYCityMap http://maps.nyc.gov/ NYC.gov New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications March 20, 2020 February 19, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210219214900/http://maps.nyc.gov/doitt/nycitymap/ live The building has a frontage of 275 ft on Dey Street, 154 ft on Broadway, and 200 ft on Fulton Street. According to the New York City Department of City Planning, the lot has an area of 36,775 ft2.195 Broadway, 10007 https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/80/1?#17.6/40.710763/-74.008922 February 1, 2021 New York City Department of City Planning April 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220424183644/https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/80/1#17.6/40.710763/-74.008922 live 195 Broadway shares a block with the Millennium Hilton New York Downtown hotel to the west. Other nearby buildings include St. Paul's Chapel to the north, the Fulton Center and Corbin Building to the east, and the World Trade Center Transportation Hub and 3 World Trade Center to the west. Architecture thumb|195 Broadway (left center) seen from Park Row|left Though William Welles Bosworth is credited as the architect, the design of 195 Broadway was largely influenced by AT&T Corp. head Theodore Newton Vail. According to Bosworth, "It was the aim of Mr. Vail that [195 Broadway] should express the ideal the Telephone Company stands for.". Jacobs 1988 88 For the lobby, Bosworth was inspired by the design of the Parthenon's porticos and Egyptian hypostyles to create "a forest of polished marble" supported by massive columns.1900Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 2006 . 4 Bosworth's design was heavily Greek-influenced; it featured layers of gray granite columns in Doric and Ionic styles, and a lobby that included 43 oversized Doric columns made of marble. Many building details, such as the columns and the metal grilles above each entrance bay, were nearly identical copies of similar features on classical Greek buildings such as the Parthenon and the Temple of Artemis.. Clark 1924 81Landmarks Preservation Commission 2006 . 5 Bosworth also incorporated several "architectural refinements" that Brooklyn Museum professor William H. Goodyear had noted as being characteristic of Greek architecture, including column spacing and progressively smaller columns at higher floors.December 1916 The Telephone and Telegraph Building Architecture 269 Ornament was yet another important part of the design and was ubiquitous within 195 Broadway.Jacobs 1988 . 101 Bosworth later wrote that he was "immensely proud" of the 195 Broadway design, from which he drew all of his subsequent Greek-inspired designs.Jacobs 1988 . 110 The main structure is 27 stories, including its attic and double-height lobby. The Dey Street annex, along the southern portion of the building, was an L-shaped structure at the corner of Dey Street and Broadway with an extension reaching Fulton Street. The westernmost 33 ft on Fulton Street was designed like a campanile to fit with its narrow and tall form. The campanile is 29 stories high. Facade thumb|The subway entrance at Fulton Street|left The facade is made of white Vermont granite. It was built in three sections: the western portion of the lot facing Dey Street; the extension east to Broadway with a small wing extending north to Fulton Street; and the corner of Broadway and Fulton Street.. Clark 1924 89 There are three sets of four bays on Dey Street and two such sets on Broadway; the "transitional bays" are plainer and slightly set back.Landmarks Preservation Commission 2006 . 10–11 On Dey Street and Broadway, each set of four bays is arranged so that the center bays are wider, and the columns at higher stories are slightly set back with smaller diameters. The Fulton Street facade, unlike the Dey Street and Broadway facades, is divided into two sections: the campanile to the west and the continuous eight-bay colonnade to the east. On all three principal facades, the first-floor bays contain entrance frames or window frames made of bronze. Wheelchair ramps are cut into certain entrance bays along both Fulton and Dey Streets. The building's articulation consists of three horizontal sections similar to the components of a column, namely a base, shaft, and capital. However, unlike in other buildings where the base and capital were more elaborate than the shaft, the entire facade of 195 Broadway consisted of "sustained decoration of superimposed orders", similar to ancient Greek and Roman buildings such as the Septizodium in Rome or the Library of Pergamum in what is now Turkey.. The American Architect: Architectural Review 1922 1 The facade was thus composed of a Doric colonnade along the double-height first floor, and eight sets of triple-height Ionic colonnades on subsequent stories. The Doric columns at the base supported a frieze running along the top of the first floor. The lowest story of each layer of Ionic colonnades contained mullions and spandrels made of stone, which contributed to the building's "solidity". A tall parapet at the building's top was intended to show "strength and solidity binding the columns", as did the structure's transitional bays. The entire facade was designed like this except for the campanile-like tower on Fulton Street. On the Fulton Street side, the westernmost three bays comprise a 422 ft on towerLandmarks Preservation Commission 2006 . 13 whose facade consists of an ornate three-story base and a relatively undecorated 22-story granite shaft. The base contains two garage openings on the first floor; two pairs of bronze-framed windows on the second floor, with each pair separated by an Ionic column; and a colonnade on the third floor, articulated by vertical pilasters that contain various decorations. The top stories are flanked by Ionic columns. The roof of this tower is a pyramidal crown inspired by contemporary renderings of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. The minor elevations are along the north side of the Dey Street wing and the west sides of the Dey Street and Fulton Street wings. The western facade of the Fulton Street wing contains relatively plain window openings, and the western facade of the Dey Street wing is a windowless wall mostly blocked by the Millennium Hotel.Landmarks Preservation Commission 2006 . 14 The northern facade of the Dey Street wing also contains window openings; the center section of this facade is windowless and contained a "light court" which was infilled during the 1960s. The facade contains ornaments such as swags and wreaths. There are bronze spandrels with decorative friezes within the upper-story bays, and the facade of the top story under the parapet contains bronze lion heads. Foliated reliefs are located within the door and window frames at ground level, and antefixes are located above the shop windows and the Dey and Fulton Street subway entrances. The subway entrances also contained granite faces and bronze gates, and the decoration extended into the basement where the subway platform was located. Interior 195 Broadway has almost a million square feet (1,000,000 ft2 out) of interior floor space, approximately 36,000 ft2 per floor. According to the Department of City Planning, the building has 1,094,861 ft2 of gross floor area. There were formerly 28 elevators serving the office floors, but 2022 US y, there are 22 passenger elevators that travel from the lobby to the upper floors. The elevators are divided into zones, with each elevator only serving a certain range of floors. Specifically, eight elevators travel from the lobby to the 23rd through 28th floors; six elevators travel to the 15th through 22nd floors; and eight cars travel to the 4th through 15th floors. A single freight elevator serves all floors.. Building Fact Sheet 1 The office floors contain varying ceiling heights. The 6th, 9th, 12th, 16th, 19th, 22nd and 25th floors have ceilings that are 13.5 ft tall; the 28th floor's ceiling is 17.5 ft tall; and the remaining office stories starting from the 4th floor are 12.5 ft tall.. Building Fact Sheet 3 Sculptor Paul Manship designed decorations for the interior, including elevator doors, floor panels, and drinking fountains made of bronze.. Clark 1924 81, 83 The bronze decorations in the lobby were removed when AT&T moved out during 1984. Manship may have also worked on the chandeliers and windows in the lobby, though the extent of his involvement is unclear.Jacobs 1988 . 116 Lachaise was given the commission for the frieze lining the elevator bank on Fulton Street. According to The New York Times, 195 Broadway is considered to have the most marble of any New York City office building; the material is so ubiquitous that it was even used for the fire stairs. The structure also incorporates cast bronze or nickel silver on its interior furnishings, such as window frames and door knobs. First floor thumb|A lobby corridor on the first floor, running between Fulton and Dey Streets The lobby has a ceiling 40 ft high and contains 15,000 ft2 of floor area. The ceiling is supported by white marble columns in the Doric order; the interior partitions are also made of white marble; and the floors are of gray marble. The ceiling contains a grid of coffers punctuated by heavy, green-and-gold decorated beams. The directory boards in the lobby are also brightly colored. There are forty bronze-and-alabaster chandeliers hanging from the ceiling. As with the facade, the lobby includes bronze furnishings and is heavily influenced by Greek architecture.Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 2006 . 5Morris Keiko November 3, 2016 Manhattan Landmark Revamps for Retail en-US Wall Street Journal https://www.wsj.com/articles/manhattan-landmark-revamps-for-retail-1478133441 April 13, 2021 0099-9660 April 13, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210413163902/https://www.wsj.com/articles/manhattan-landmark-revamps-for-retail-1478133441 live Among the Greek-inspired features of the lobby was a white marble mailbox with eagle carvings, modeled after a Greek stele.Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 2006 . 12April 20, 1964 Art Flourishes in Old Buildings; Turn-of-Century Creations Abundant Downtown en-US 31 The New York Times http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1964/04/20/106960576.pdf January 21, 2021 0362-4331 April 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220424183644/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1964/04/20/106960576.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false live The oldest section of the building, on the southwest side facing Dey Street, includes a lobby, shops, offices, fire stairs, and a narrow bank of elevators near the east wall. The elevators face eastward, toward the larger Dey Street lobby.For a diagram of the interior, see Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 2006 . 27 The rest of the Dey Street (south) wing, extending eastward to Broadway, includes a main vestibule with revolving doors on Dey Street. It is surrounded to the north, west, and east by elevator banks. Because Dey Street rose gradually as it approached Broadway to the east, there are numerous slightly raised enclosures near the entrance bays on Dey Street. The space is further subdivided by low-height railings and partitions of marble. A corridor extends east to Broadway, where originally there were two revolving-door entrances. Under the campanile on Fulton Street, there was retail space, later largely converted to a pair of loading docks 35 ft deep. The Fulton Street (north) lobby also contains a passageway extending south to the Dey Street wing, and there are elevators on the south and east walls of the lobby. When the corner space at Broadway and Fulton Street was completed, the wall separating the new lobby to the north and the old lobby to the south was removed. The elevator banks on the east wall were installed, and more columns were erected inside the lobby to create a hypostyle-like hall. Cantilevered trusses were installed on the third floor to support the weight originally carried by the wall in the Broadway lobby.Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 2006 . 16 The corner section's construction included the addition of two more revolving doors on the northern section of the Broadway facade, three revolving doors on Fulton Street. This section included a store for the Benedict Brothers. The Broadway lobby, on the eastern side of the lot, is separated from both the Fulton and Dey Street wings by the elevator banks along these wings' eastern walls, as well as a pair of fire stairs. Passageways from both wings' lobbies lead east to the Broadway lobby. The wings contain asymmetrical column arrangements, but this is not immediately visible from the Broadway lobby due to the presence of the elevator banks. Prior to 2016, the lobby contained minimal retail space.Postal Matthew July 31, 2018 AT&T Corporate Headquarters Building (later Sony Plaza, now 550 Madison Avenue) http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2600.pdf live April 13, 2021 New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 33 September 7, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180907221425/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2600.pdf Following a renovation that year, the lobby was slightly reconfigured to include three storefronts separated by full-height glass barriers and connected by a galleria.December 17, 2019 L&L Holding Co. completes $275 million recapitalization of 195 Broadway, renovated office and retail building https://nyrej.com/l-l-holding-co-completes-275-million-recapitalization-of-195-broadway April 13, 2021 NYREJ April 13, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210413163904/https://nyrej.com/l-l-holding-co-completes-275-million-recapitalization-of-195-broadway live Basements 195 Broadway contains five basement levels, labeled alphabetically from top to bottom (i.e. the lowest level is called basement "E"). Basement levels B, C, and E contain storage areas. The uppermost basement level, the "A" level, is adjacent to the Fulton Street station complex on the New York City Subway, serving the Fulton-Broadway.map From the Fulton Street side, there is a direct entrance to the southbound platform of the IRT Lexington Avenue Line station (served by the Lexington south nolink), which is directly under Broadway.https://new.mta.info/document/2591 MTA Neighborhood Maps: Fulton Street (4)(5) 2018 mta.info Metropolitan Transportation Authority September 13, 2018 November 8, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201108111736/https://new.mta.info/document/2591 live Going west from Broadway, the stairs to the subway are located in the second bay, and are framed by a bronze surround. In the basement, there is a 75 ft m -long mid granite wall between the platform and the building. Within the granite wall there are bronze sliding gates and a long window separated by bronze mullions. The sliding gates used to provide access to the station, a purpose that is now served by turnstiles. Art thumb|Spirit of Communication, formerly in the AT&T Building The building originally featured a gilded bronze sculpture originally called Genius of Telegraphy, placed atop the pyramidal roof of the campanile in 1916. The artist Evelyn Beatrice Longman created a statue depicting a 24 ft m mid -tall winged male figure on top of a globe, wrapped by cables, clutching bolts of electricity in his left hand.Teltsch Kathleen https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/31/nyregion/landmark-statue-being-restored.html Landmark Statue Being Restored August 31, 1981 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20180727181218/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/31/nyregion/landmark-statue-being-restored.html July 27, 2018 liveHenderson Helen W. A loiterer in New York: discoveries made by a rambler through obvious yet unsought highways and byways 1917 439–440 Doran 2027/nyp.33433058767736 After a court-ordered divestiture of Western Union, the statue's official title was changed to Genius of Electricity by the time it was installed. The statue was renamed again to Spirit of Communication in the 1930s, but has been better known by its nickname, Golden Boy. In 1984 when AT&T moved to 550 Madison Avenue, the statue was relocated to the foyer of 550 Madison; the statue was later moved yet again to New Jersey.Dewan Shaila https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/20/nyregion/at-t-statue-to-remain-suburban.html AT&T Statue to Remain Suburban April 20, 2000 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20190702095033/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/20/nyregion/at-t-statue-to-remain-suburban.html July 2, 2019 live As of 2021, the statue is located at the AT&T corporate campus in Downtown Dallas.Brown Steve July 22, 2019 AT&T's new downtown Dallas campus will have a place for its historic statue https://www.dallasnews.com/business/real-estate/2019/07/22/att-s-new-downtown-dallas-campus-will-have-a-place-for-its-historic-statue/ live August 16, 2021 Dallas News en August 15, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210815223943/https://www.dallasnews.com/business/real-estate/2019/07/22/att-s-new-downtown-dallas-campus-will-have-a-place-for-its-historic-statue/ One of Manship's earliest public works was "The Four Elements", a set of four bronze reliefs on the lower facade of the building.http://www.nysun.com/arts/icon-of-the-city-gets-an-opening/42846/ An Icon of the City Gets an Opening Morrone Francis November 3, 2006 The New York Sun live https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203155/http://www.nysun.com/arts/icon-of-the-city-gets-an-opening/42846/ March 4, 2016 February 9, 2020 Manship's earliest public work in the city is the set of four bronze reliefs, The Four Elements, adorning the lower façade of 195 Broadway, one of the city's most beautiful skyscrapers, between Fulton and Dey streets.Reynolds Donald Monuments and masterpieces: histories and views of public sculpture in New York City Macmillan Pub. Co. Collier Macmillan 1988 978-0-02-602430-3 New York London 325-326 17260256 https://archive.org/details/monumentsmasterp0000reyn/page/325 The Manship reliefs are located above the revolving doors on the Broadway side, as well as at the spandrels within the four westernmost bays along Dey Street. The reliefs respectively represent earth, air, fire, and water. They were later replaced with copies. On Fulton Street, above the third story of the campanile, is a stone relief depicting a personification of Electricity with a shield containing the symbol of Western Union; a bronze lion in the center; and a stone relief of Demeter holding a torch. In the lobby, Gaston Lachaise originally planned to design a 22 ft on "marble statue of a young woman" along the eastern wall of the Broadway elevator lobby,Gallatin A.E. https://books.google.com/books?id=LEdKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 Gaston Lachaise: Sixteen Reproductions in Collotype of the Sculptor's Work E.P. Dutton 1924 11–12 February 9, 2020 April 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220424183643/https://books.google.com/books?id=LEdKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 live though this work was not installed.Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 2006 . 6 Instead, this space was occupied by Service to the Nation in Peace and War (1928), an allegorical group by Chester Beach. The piece, in bronze and marble, depicts personifications of telecommunications, war, and peace.https://www.nytimes.com/1928/08/31/archives/sculpture-in-telephone-building.html Sculpture in Telephone Building August 31, 1928 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 16, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201116191756/https://www.nytimes.com/1928/08/31/archives/sculpture-in-telephone-building.html live History thumb|left|The Western Union Telegraph Building was previously located on the site of today's 195 Broadway.|alt=Image of the Western Union Telegraph Building, which was previously located on the site of 195 Broadway From its 1885 establishment to 1910, AT&T was headquartered at 125 Milk Street in Boston.Jarzombek M. Designing MIT: Bosworth's New Tech Northeastern University Press 2004 978-1-55553-619-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=QiwRGc3E7Z8C&pg=PA151 February 10, 2020 151 April 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220424183643/https://books.google.com/books?id=QiwRGc3E7Z8C&pg=PA151 live The current building at 195 Broadway was constructed under the leadership of AT&T's president Theodore Newton Vail, who had taken the role in 1907 and assumed the same title at Western Union in 1909 when that firm was purchased by AT&T. At the time, the site was occupied by the Western Union Telegraph Building.Landmarks Preservation Commission 2006 . 2 In 1910, AT&T revealed plans to improve Western Union's offices "for the accommodation of the public and the welfare" of workers.https://www.nytimes.com/1910/04/07/archives/western-union-for-more-improvements-executive-board-pledges-the.html Western Union For More Improvements; Executive Board Pledges the Company Also to Increased Salaries Based on Merit April 7, 1910 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 February 4, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210204192507/https://www.nytimes.com/1910/04/07/archives/western-union-for-more-improvements-executive-board-pledges-the.html live Bosworth, who designed the John D. Rockefeller estate at Kykuit,Landmarks Preservation Commission 2006 . 7 was offered the commission to design a headquarters building at 195 Broadway in November 1911.. Jacobs 1988 87https://www.nytimes.com/1911/11/19/archives/old-western-union-building-soon-to-go-lower-broadway-landmark-will.html Old Western Union Building Soon To Go; Lower Broadway Landmark Will Be Replaced by a 26-Story Structure November 19, 1911 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 10, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211110164203/https://www.nytimes.com/1911/11/19/archives/old-western-union-building-soon-to-go-lower-broadway-landmark-will.html liveNovember 19, 1911 Western Union to Build: Will Erect 26 Story Building at Broadway and Dey Street 2 New-York Tribune https://www.proquest.com/docview/574839083 subscription January 31, 2021 574839083 Simultaneously, work proceeded on 24 Walker Street,Now the site of 32 Avenue of the Americas a shared-operations building erected further north between 1911 and 1914. Construction In 1912, plans were devised for a 29-story headquarters building that would be constructed on the western sidewalk of Broadway on the block stretching from Dey Street to Fulton Street. The plan entailed constructing one wing on the Dey Street corner, followed by the second wing on the Fulton Street corner.Gray Christopher https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/23/realestate/streetscapes-t-headquarters-195-broadway-bellwether-building-where-history-was.html Streetscapes/AT&T Headquarters at 195 Broadway; A Bellwether Building Where History Was Made April 23, 2000 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200310024204/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/23/realestate/streetscapes-t-headquarters-195-broadway-bellwether-building-where-history-was.html March 10, 2020 live To minimize disruption to Western Union's operations, the new building was constructed in several portions, and the 195 Broadway Corporation was organized to take over operation of the existing structure.https://www.nytimes.com/1913/12/11/archives/the-real-estate-field-private-dwellings-the-feature-of-a-dull.html The Real Estate Field; Private Dwellings the Feature of a Dull Market December 11, 1913 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 16, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201116190005/https://www.nytimes.com/1913/12/11/archives/the-real-estate-field-private-dwellings-the-feature-of-a-dull.html live Work began first on the Dey Street annex; the Western Union Building annex at 14–18 Dey Street was demolished in 1912. The New York Associated Press, an occupant of the old building, moved to 51 Chambers Street in April 1914;April 6, 1914 Associated Press to Move to-day; Will Take Larger Quarters in Emigrant Savings Bank Building en-US 8 The New York Times http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/04/06/101720525.pdf live February 1, 2021 0362-4331 April 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220424183649/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/04/06/101720525.pdf Western Union employees moved to Walker Street two months later.https://www.nytimes.com/1914/06/29/archives/state-fund-insurance-big-employers-taking-out-policies-4000-already.html State Fund Insurance; Big Employers Taking Out Policies June 29, 1914 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200317214008/https://www.nytimes.com/1914/06/29/archives/state-fund-insurance-big-employers-taking-out-policies-4000-already.html March 17, 2020 live The Dey Street annex was completed by late 1914.https://www.nytimes.com/1914/12/13/archives/the-bronx-and-queens-cooperate-to-secure-important-traffic.html The Bronx and Queens; Co-operate to Secure Important Traffic Improvements. December 13, 1914 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 April 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220424183644/https://www.nytimes.com/1914/12/13/archives/the-bronx-and-queens-cooperate-to-secure-important-traffic.html live As the building had not yet been finished, Alexander Graham Bell made the first transcontinental telephone call in January 1915 from a company building on the south side of Dey Street. The Broadway and Fulton Street wings then commenced construction. The new 195 Broadway building was declared completed in 1916, upon which 3,500 employees of AT&T and its subsidiaries moved into the structure.Landmarks Preservation Commission 2006 . 3William Welles Bosworth The Telephone and Telegraph Building, New York City Architecture and Building W.T. Comstock Company 49 1917 https://books.google.com/books?id=oyznAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA10 February 9, 2020 4 November 10, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211110164159/https://books.google.com/books?id=oyznAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA10 live The 195 Broadway Corporation also bought numerous adjacent plots of land to ensure that the new structure would be compliant with the upcoming 1916 Zoning Resolution, which established limits in building massing at certain heights.https://www.nytimes.com/1916/07/26/archives/city-fixes-limit-on-tall-buildings-board-of-estimate-adopts.html City Fixes Limit On Tall Buildings; Board of Estimate Adopts Ordinance Which Will Restrict All Skyscrapers July 26, 1916 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 April 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220424183646/https://www.nytimes.com/1916/07/26/archives/city-fixes-limit-on-tall-buildings-board-of-estimate-adopts.html live Specifically, the Mail and Express Building between Dey and Fulton Streets was acquired in February 1916,https://www.nytimes.com/1916/02/03/archives/the-real-estate-field-mail-and-express-building-on-lower-broadway.html The Real Estate Field; Mail and Express Building on Lower Broadway in $2,000,000 Sale February 3, 1916 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 16, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201116191612/https://www.nytimes.com/1916/02/03/archives/the-real-estate-field-mail-and-express-building-on-lower-broadway.html live followed by the acquisition of the four-story 205 Broadway building at Fulton Street in July,https://www.nytimes.com/1916/07/20/archives/the-real-estate-field-telegraph-company-adds-to-lower-broadway.html The Real Estate Field; Telegraph Company Adds to Lower Broadway Holdings July 20, 1916 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 16, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201116191623/https://www.nytimes.com/1916/07/20/archives/the-real-estate-field-telegraph-company-adds-to-lower-broadway.html live days before the zoning law took effect. An agreement was made with the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) to construct an entrance and exit from the base of 195 Broadway to the Fulton Street subway station in 1915. An exit on Broadway opened in August 1916, and an entrance on Dey Street opened that October.New York (State). Legislature. Senate https://books.google.com/books?id=05clAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA320 Documents of the Senate of the State of New York 1917 317, 320 January 6, 2021 v. 6 January 23, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210123120025/https://books.google.com/books?id=05clAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA320 live Bosworth was then directed to prepare plans for three 27-story annexes. Material shortages due to World War I prevented the expansion, and there were numerous holdouts. The 195 Broadway Corp. purchased the New York Law School structures at 172–174 Fulton Street in August 1918, at which point it owned almost the entire block bounded by Broadway and Dey, Fulton, and Church Streets.https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/08/10/97015916.html?pageNumber=11 The Real Estate Field August 10, 1918 The New York Times February 9, 2020 11 en-US 0362-4331 April 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220424183648/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/08/10/97015916.html?pageNumber=11 liveThe site was bounded by Broadway to the east, Dey Street to the south, Church Street to the west, and Fulton Street to the north. The only lots not held by 195 Broadway Corp. were the corners at Fulton Street; the lot at 176 Fulton Street; and 34 Dey Street at the corner of Dey and Church, owned by the Astor family. However, the building permit had expired the previous month. Bosworth filed plans for a smaller addition to complete the corner of Fulton Street and Broadway in December 1919; it was initially denied for violating the zoning law's height restriction, but the following month, the city board of appeals allowed construction to proceed. The corner section was finished in 1922, thereby completing the original headquarters.Landmarks Preservation Commission 2006 . 4 This section included a store for the Benedict Brothers,. Clark 1924 88 jewelers who held-out during the original construction and only agreed to give up their building in exchange for retail space in the building.Jacobs 1988 . 97 AT&T headquarters thumb|195 Broadway is to the left of St. Paul's Chapel.|alt=195 Broadway as viewed from the north. A small chapel, St. Paul's Chapel, is visible in the foreground. 195 Broadway's name changed several times in its early years, reflecting changes in its ownership. 195 Broadway was referred to as the "Western Union Building" during its construction and as the "Telephone and Telegraph Building" after completion. AT&T settled on the American Telephone & Telegraph Building name in the 1920s, which the building retained through the 1980s. 195 Broadway was closely associated with AT&T, and the 195 Broadway Corporation came to encompass all of the company's real estate holdings until AT&T moved out during the 1980s.DePalma Anthony https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/11/business/about-real-estate-grandeur-of-the-past-at-at-t-s-old-headquarters.html About Real Estate; Grandeur of the Past at A.T.&T.'s Old Headquarters January 11, 1984 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200319224237/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/11/business/about-real-estate-grandeur-of-the-past-at-at-t-s-old-headquarters.html March 19, 2020 live Vail retired in 1919, shortly after 195 Broadway was finished; the new AT&T president, Henry Bates Thayer, helped grow the company into an international telecommunications company. While in use as AT&T headquarters, 195 Broadway was the site of one end of the first transcontinental telephone call in 1923.https://www.nytimes.com/1923/01/15/archives/new-york-talks-to-england-by-phone-heard-by-marconi-long-speeches.html New York Talks To England By Phone; Heard By Marconi January 15, 1923 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 29, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201129182511/https://www.nytimes.com/1923/01/15/archives/new-york-talks-to-england-by-phone-heard-by-marconi-long-speeches.html live The same building was the New York end of the first intercity Picturephone call in 1927 and of the first transatlantic telephone call, made to London, England, also in 1927.Landmarks Preservation Commission 2006 . 1http://www.tvhistory.tv/1930-ATT-BELL.htm 1930 AT&T - Bell Labs Booklet April 7, 1927 Television History February 10, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200205184748/http://www.tvhistory.tv/1930-ATT-BELL.htm February 5, 2020 live The company also founded radio station WEAF, which broadcast from 195 Broadway's Fulton Street tower and continued to do so after its 1925 purchase by RCA.Kennedy T. R. Jr. https://www.nytimes.com/1941/11/16/archives/nbc-engineers-pause-to-discuss-progress-made-in-fifteen-years-on.html NBC Engineers Pause to Discuss Progress Made in Fifteen Years on the Air November 16, 1941 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 16, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201116203954/https://www.nytimes.com/1941/11/16/archives/nbc-engineers-pause-to-discuss-progress-made-in-fifteen-years-on.html live In 1941, The New York Times reported that work on the then-under-construction radio apparatus at 711 Fifth Avenue, the studios of RCA's NBC division, was controlled from "a single little room" within 195 Broadway.Landmarks Preservation Commission 2006 . 8 Western Union started erecting a new headquarters at 60 Hudson Street in 1928. Most of the company's operations moved to its new Hudson Street building two years later.https://www.nytimes.com/1930/08/12/archives/western-union-quits-its-55yearold-home-begins-moving-executive.html Western Union Quits Its 55-year-old Home; Begins Moving Executive Offices From 195 Broadway to New West Broadway Building. August 12, 1930 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20180226045841/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/08/12/archives/western-union-quits-its-55yearold-home-begins-moving-executive.html February 26, 2018 live Western Union's ticker and messenger services, as well as the money-order department, were kept at 195 Broadway. Benedict Brothers closed their shop in 195 Broadway's lobby in 1938.https://www.nytimes.com/1938/10/21/archives/benedict-bros-retiring-jewelers-founded-119-years-ago-will-close.html Benedict Bros. Retiring; Jewelers, Founded 119 Years Ago, Will Close Shop Dec. 31 October 21, 1938 The New York Times February 10, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 April 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220424183701/https://www.nytimes.com/1938/10/21/archives/benedict-bros-retiring-jewelers-founded-119-years-ago-will-close.html live The next year, AT&T decided to display "the most accurate clock in the world" on the northernmost window bay along the Broadway facade, a showcase of the successful timekeeping service developed by AT&T's Bell Labs.https://www.nytimes.com/1939/11/10/archives/clock-dedicated-to-superaccuracy-the-most-accurate-clock-in-the.html Clock Dedicated to Super-Accuracy; 'the Most Accurate Clock in the World' November 10, 1939 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 10, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201110131604/https://www.nytimes.com/1939/11/10/archives/clock-dedicated-to-superaccuracy-the-most-accurate-clock-in-the.html live At that time, AT&T had developed a near-monopoly on the United States' telephone and long-distance service. AT&T's Western Electric division outgrew the original headquarters at 195 Broadway in the 1950s, having made significant profits during the Cold War. In 1957, Western Electric started planning its own structure diagonally across Broadway and Fulton Street,https://www.nytimes.com/1957/09/18/archives/bell-system-unit-plans-own-home-western-electric-co-takes-options.html Bell System Unit Plans Own Home; Western Electric Co. Takes Options on Blockfront on Broadway at Fulton September 18, 1957 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 April 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220424183646/https://www.nytimes.com/1957/09/18/archives/bell-system-unit-plans-own-home-western-electric-co-takes-options.html live and five years later, moved into its new 31-story building at 222 Broadway.https://www.nytimes.com/1962/08/26/archives/new-western-electric-building-blends-with-diverse-neighbors-new.html New Western Electric Building Blends With Diverse Neighbors; New Building Is a Good Neighbor August 26, 1962 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 16, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201116223927/https://www.nytimes.com/1962/08/26/archives/new-western-electric-building-blends-with-diverse-neighbors-new.html live As a result of AT&T's increased profits in the 1950s and 1960s, the company performed several renovations at 195 Broadway, including installing air conditioning throughout the building from 1959 to 1961. The attic, which formerly had benches and employee facilities for squash and handball, was replaced with equipment to support the air conditioning system. The facade was given a steam cleaning in 1963, in honor of the 50th anniversary of 195 Broadway's completion. AT&T planned to replace the bronze grilles and alabaster chandeliers,https://www.nytimes.com/1963/08/25/archives/at-t-building-gets-bath-for-its-birthday.html A.T. & T. Building Gets Bath for Its Birthday August 25, 1963 The New York Times February 10, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 16, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201116223937/https://www.nytimes.com/1963/08/25/archives/at-t-building-gets-bath-for-its-birthday.html live but this was canceled after objections from architecture writer Henry Hope Reed.Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 2006 . 8 Sale and later usage thumb|left|Looking at the tower of 195 Broadway from Church Street In 1978, AT&T commissioned a new building at 550 Madison Avenue.Carroll Maurice https://www.nytimes.com/1978/03/31/archives/new-jersey-pages-att-to-build-new-headquarters-tower-at-madison-and.html New Telephone Headquarters: An architect's rendering of the proposed new American Telephone and Telegraph Company building at Madison Avenue and 55th Street March 31, 1978 The New York Times February 9, 2020 live en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20200110131131/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/03/31/archives/new-jersey-pages-att-to-build-new-headquarters-tower-at-madison-and.html January 10, 2020 This new AT&T Building was designed by Philip Johnson in the new Postmodern architectural style, and was completed in 1984, the same year of the Bell System divestiture.http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2600.pdf AT&T Corporate Headquarters Building (later Sony Plaza, now 550 Madison Avenue) Postal Matthew July 31, 2018 New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission live https://web.archive.org/web/20180907221425/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2600.pdf September 7, 2018 February 9, 2020 As part of the divestiture, 195 Broadway, and the rest of the block where it was located, was sold for $70 million to businessman Peter Kalikow in May 1983, using the profits to found a charity.Carroll Robert May 18, 1983 AT&T sells old HQ; $ going to charity 15 New York Daily News https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75762241/att-sells-old-hq-going-to-charity/ April 14, 2021 newspapers.com April 14, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210414215847/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75762241/att-sells-old-hq-going-to-charity/ live AT&T removed the Spirit of Communication sculpture from 195 Broadway in 1981 for restoration and relocation.Teltsch Kathleen August 31, 1981 Landmark Statue Being Restored en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/31/nyregion/landmark-statue-being-restored.html April 13, 2021 0362-4331 July 27, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180727181218/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/31/nyregion/landmark-statue-being-restored.html live The company also removed Manship's original relief panels, which Kalikow replaced with replicas.Landmarks Preservation Commission 2006 . 9 Subsequently, Kalikow made plans to renovate the structure and lease it out to office tenants. The structure's facade was given a steam cleaning; the paint on the building's bronze finishes was removed; and metal ornaments were painted or shined. Kalikow destroyed two smaller structures near the block's western boundary, and he initially planned to extend 195 Broadway all the way to Church Street as a 29-story office annex. The plans for the western side of the block were then changed to that for a hotel, but decided against that after marketing experts said a hotel would not be profitable. An office use was subsequently again considered, but dismissed since the floor area would have been too small for office tenants. Kalikow bought air rights from the adjacent St. Paul's Chapel to the north and changed the plans for the western part of the block back to a hotel.Dunlap David W. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/21/realestate/commercial-property-right-construction-kalikow-opts-for-58-story-lower-manhattan.html Commercial Property: As-of-Right Construction; Kalikow Opts for a 58-Story Lower Manhattan Hotel January 21, 1990 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20150525201225/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/21/realestate/commercial-property-right-construction-kalikow-opts-for-58-story-lower-manhattan.html May 25, 2015 live The plot was ultimately developed as the Millennium Hilton New York Downtown hotel, which opened in 1992.Henry David New luxury hotels have enriched the city, but not their developers October 7, 1994 Newsday D01 278845513 Kalikow sold 195 Broadway to L&L Holding Co. and Beacon Capital Partners in 2005 for $300 million. At the time, Lois Weiss of the New York Post said that the building was estimated to be worth $500 million.https://nypost.com/2005/02/17/kalikows-big-sale-scores-300m-for-195-bway-tower/ Kalikow's Big Sale – Scores $300M For 195 B'way Tower Weiss Lois February 17, 2005 New York Post en February 9, 2020 November 8, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201108002754/https://nypost.com/2005/02/17/kalikows-big-sale-scores-300m-for-195-bway-tower/ live The building's exterior and first floor interior were officially designated as city landmarks by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in July 2006.Dunlap David W. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/26/nyregion/manhattan-att-building-landmarked.html Manhattan: AT&T Building Landmarked July 26, 2006 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 August 16, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210816035233/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/26/nyregion/manhattan-att-building-landmarked.html live As part of the construction of the nearby Fulton Center transit hub, 195 Broadway was to be connected to the underground Dey Street Passageway.Dunlap David W. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/20/nyregion/finding-a-public-use-for-att39s-parthenon.html Finding a Public Use for AT&T's Parthenon January 20, 2006 The New York Times February 9, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20180225191948/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/20/nyregion/finding-a-public-use-for-att39s-parthenon.html February 25, 2018 livehttps://books.google.com/books?id=xh03AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-SA3-PA25 Fulton Street Transit Center, New York, New York, Section 4(f) Evaluation: Environmental Impact Statement 2004 3.25 pt February 10, 2020 v. 1 April 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220424183646/https://books.google.com/books?id=xh03AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-SA3-PA25 live 195 Broadway was sold again in 2013 to a group where JP Morgan Asset Management was the majority stakeholder.https://nypost.com/2013/12/02/landmark-195-broadway-sold/ Landmark 195 Broadway sold Cuozzo Steve December 2, 2013 New York Post en February 9, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20141016080450/http://nypost.com/2013/12/02/landmark-195-broadway-sold/ October 16, 2014 live The ground-floor lobby was renovated in 2016 with the addition of three retail spaces. JP Morgan put the building for sale in 2019 with an initial asking price of $800 million.https://therealdeal.com/2019/09/17/jpmorgans-asset-arm-selling-195-broadway-for-800m/ JPMorgan's asset arm selling 195 Broadway for $800M Bockmann Rich September 17, 2019 The Real Deal New York en-US live https://web.archive.org/web/20200215083027/https://therealdeal.com/2019/09/17/jpmorgans-asset-arm-selling-195-broadway-for-800m/ February 15, 2020 February 9, 2020 The structure was ultimately bought by two Korean organizations for $500 millionhttps://www.mingtiandi.com/real-estate/finance-real-estate/jp-morgan-sells-195-broadway-in-ny-to-korean-investors/ JP Morgan Sells 195 Broadway in NY to Korean Investors Hatton James September 25, 2019 Mingtiandi en-US February 9, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20190926215850/https://www.mingtiandi.com/real-estate/finance-real-estate/jp-morgan-sells-195-broadway-in-ny-to-korean-investors/ September 26, 2019 livehttps://www.costar.com/article/1324311594/south-korean-investors-acquire-195-broadway-in-lower-manhattan South Korean Investors Acquire 195 Broadway in Lower Manhattan Heschmeyer Mark December 2, 2019 CoStar February 9, 2020 April 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220424183648/https://www.costar.com/article/1324311594/south-korean-investors-acquire-195-broadway-in-lower-manhattan live while the ground story lease was sold to Safehold Inc. for $275 million. Notable tenants thumb|Commemorative plaque|alt= 2026, tenants include: HarperCollinshttps://commercialobserver.com/2013/01/harpercollins-lands-at-195-broadway/ HarperCollins Lands at 195 Broadway Strauss Karsten January 28, 2013 Commercial Observer en-US live https://web.archive.org/web/20190731162925/https://commercialobserver.com/2013/01/harpercollins-lands-at-195-broadway/ July 31, 2019 February 9, 2020 Omnicom Media Grouphttps://commercialobserver.com/2012/04/omnicom-grows-in-195-broadway-now-at-260000-square-feet/ Omnicom grows in 195 Broadway, now at 260,000 square feet Rosen Daniel Edward April 6, 2012 Commercial Observer en-US live https://web.archive.org/web/20160314133826/https://commercialobserver.com/2012/04/omnicom-grows-in-195-broadway-now-at-260000-square-feet/ March 14, 2016 February 9, 2020 Thomson Reutershttps://tax.thomsonreuters.com/en/contact Contact us Thomson Reuters Tax & Accounting tax.thomsonreuters.com en February 9, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200228234957/https://tax.thomsonreuters.com/en/contact February 28, 2020 live Getty Imageshttps://therealdeal.com/2018/07/11/getty-images-is-moving-to-fidi/ Getty Images is moving to FiDi July 11, 2018 The Real Deal New York en-US live https://web.archive.org/web/20191002115410/https://therealdeal.com/2018/07/11/getty-images-is-moving-to-fidi/ October 2, 2019 February 9, 2020https://rew-online.com/getty-updates-image-move-195-broadway/ Getty updates its image with move to 195 Broadway July 26, 2018 Real Estate Weekly en-US February 9, 2020 November 15, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201115001054/https://rew-online.com/getty-updates-image-move-195-broadway/ live Abrams Bookshttps://therealdeal.com/2017/01/05/ll-holding-signs-publisher-abrams-to-42k-sf-in-fidi/ L&L Holding signs publisher Abrams to 42K sf in FiDi January 5, 2017 The Real Deal New York en-US live https://web.archive.org/web/20190811103242/https://therealdeal.com/2017/01/05/ll-holding-signs-publisher-abrams-to-42k-sf-in-fidi/ August 11, 2019 February 9, 2020https://rew-online.com/abrams-publishing-195-broadway/ Abrams Publishing takes full floor at 195 Broadway in FiDi January 11, 2017 Real Estate Weekly en-US February 9, 2020 November 15, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201115134252/https://rew-online.com/abrams-publishing-195-broadway/ live Gucci PayoneerNehring Abigail Fintech Firm Payoneer Moving HQ to 42K SF at 195 Broadway Commercial Observer November 27, 2023 https://commercialobserver.com/2023/11/payoneer-lease-195-broadway/ December 7, 2023 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207181022/https://commercialobserver.com/2023/11/payoneer-lease-195-broadway/ live Walter-Warner Holden L&L Holding Lands Fintech Firm at 195 Broadway The Real Deal November 27, 2023 https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2023/11/27/ll-holding-lands-fintech-firm-at-195-broadway/ December 7, 2023 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182140/https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2023/11/27/ll-holding-lands-fintech-firm-at-195-broadway/ live Brooks Brothers, within one of the storefrontsWilliams Ryan Inside the New Brooks Brothers Store in Lower Manhattan WWD May 27, 2025 https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/gallery/brooks-brothers-store-lower-manhattan-photos-1237819800/ June 3, 2025Russell Zachary First Look: Brooks Brothers opens NYC flagship in historic building Chain Store Age May 30, 2025 https://chainstoreage.com/first-look-brooks-brothers-opens-nyc-flagship-historic-building June 3, 2025 Critical reception In 1914, a writer for The New York Times stated that Bosworth and AT&T officials had collaborated to provide a building that would serve as "an artistic addition to the towering commercial structures of the lower part of the city", with a well-planned interior design. Kenneth Clark, writing for Architectural Record, stated that the detail paid to the Greek-inspired features was among the building's "strongest points". In 1922, an anonymous writer in The American Architect: Architectural Review said that the materials of 195 Broadway "stand for permanency both inside and out".. The American Architect: Architectural Review 1922 2 At the time, the neoclassical style was being used in headquarters buildings across the U.S., and Bosworth convinced AT&T officials to erect the headquarters in the Greek neoclassical style.. The American Architect: Architectural Review 1922 4 By the time Kalikow took ownership of 195 Broadway in 1984, he saw that the cast-bronze interior ornamentation had been painted, and said that "I got the feeling that what [AT&T] were trying to do was play it all down [...] They didn't want anyone to know they lived in a palace." See also List of buildings and structures on Broadway in Manhattan List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan below 14th Street References Notes Citations Sources https://www.ll-holding.com/media/pdf/Building_Fact_Sheet_-_195_Broadway.pdf 195 Broadway Building Fact Sheet LL Holding live https://web.archive.org/web/20200210144103/https://www.ll-holding.com/media/pdf/Building_Fact_Sheet_-_195_Broadway.pdf February 10, 2020 Building Fact Sheet https://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2194.pdf American Telephone and Telegraph Building New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission July 25, 2006 Landmarks Preservation Commission 2006 https://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2199.pdf American Telephone and Telegraph Building Interior New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission July 25, 2006 Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 2006 Clark Kenneth January 1924 The Building of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company https://www.architecturalrecord.com/ext/resources/archives/backissues/1924-01.PDF?-1451674800 Architectural Record 55 81–92 Quentin Snowden Jacobs William Welles Bosworth: Major Works MS Thesis Historic Preservation, Columbia University 1988 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.d0002599165&view=1up&seq=16 The Relation of Classic Example to Architectural Design The American Architect: Architectural Review 122 2397 July 5, 1922 2 HathiTrust The American Architect: Architectural Review 1922 collapsed Category:1916 establishments in New York City Category:1910s architecture in the United States Category:AT&T buildings Category:Broadway (Manhattan) Category:Financial District, Manhattan Category:New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan Category:New York City interior landmarks Category:Office buildings completed in 1916 Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Manhattan Category:Western Union buildings and structures Category:Mausoleum at Halicarnassus