1973 Luhuo earthquake

Magnitude 7.6 Ms. earthquake in China 1973 Luhuo earthquake 31.398 100.581 inline,title China Sichuan 1973-02-06 10:37:10 763709 usp00000dz February 6, 1973 18:37 CST 11 km s yes 7.6 Xianshuihe fault system Strike-slip China X Yes s 6.3 2,175–2,204 dead, 2,743 injured The 1973 Luhuo earthquake struck near the town of Zhaggo in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, China on February 6, 1973, with a magnitude of 7.6 s yes. The earthquake had a maximum intensity of X (Extreme) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. It resulted in between 2,175 and 2,204 deaths and a further 2,743 injuries.Significant Earthquake CHINA: SICHUAN PROVINCE https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/4624 5 January 2023 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 10.7289/V5TD9V7Khttp://iisee.kenken.go.jp/utsu/utsuweq_bak_eng.html Search Page Utsu T. Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World (Through 2008) June 3, 2010 September 18, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130918042738/http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/utsu/utsuweq_bak_eng.html dead Serious and widespread destruction occurred in Luhuo County. Tectonic setting 300px|thumb|left|The tectonic overview of the Tibetan Plateau and Sichuan. Western Sichuan is situated at the edge of the Tibetan Plateau in a vast zone of complex continental deformation caused by the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate. As thrusting of the Indian plate beneath the Eurasian plate along the Himalayas continues, the continental crust within the Eurasian plate is actively uplifted and thickened, forming the Tibetan Plateau. As there are no active thrust structures within the plateau, compression is accommodated by strike-slip motion along large structures including the Altyn Tagh Fault, Kunlun Fault, Haiyuan Fault and Xianshuihe fault system. Left-lateral strike-slip motion squeezes the crustal blocks of the Tibetan Plateau outwards, forcing it to move eastwards. Meanwhile, the strike-slip motion also results in east–west extension of the plateau, causing normal faults to break within the thickened crust.Elliott J. R. Walters R. J. England P. C. Jackson J. A. Li Z. Parsons B. Extension on the Tibetan plateau: recent normal faulting measured by InSAR and body wave seismology Geophysical Journal International 2010 183 2 503–535 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04754.x 2010GeoJI.183..503E 134590278 https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c9f3654f-b24a-49f8-8f5c-31c4b7cd97bf/files/m62e12dfee03ee5b8ef39d0e2f4fcbcc7 19 July 2021 free Weijun Gan Peizhen Zhang Zheng-Kang Shen Zhijun Niu Min Wang Yongge Wan Demin Zhou Jia Cheng Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPS measurements Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 2007 112 B8 10.1029/2005JB004120 American Geophysical Union 2007JGRB..112.8416G free The Xianshuihe fault system is a 1,400 km long active left-lateral strike-slip fault that accommodates the strike-slip motion in the Tibetan Plateau. The fault is one of the largest active intracontinental geological structure in the world. Since 1893, at least 350 km of the fault length has ruptured in large successive earthquakes with magnitudes 6.5 or larger.Eleftheria Papadimitriou Xueze Wen Vassilios Karakostas Xueshen Jin Earthquake Triggering along the Xianshuihe Fault Zone of Western Sichuan, China Pure and Applied Geophysics 2004 161 8 1683–1707 10.1007/s00024-003-2471-4 2004PApGe.161.1683P 129325246 From 1700 to the present-day, the fault has ruptured its entire length during large earthquakes.Mingkun Bai Marie-Luce Chevalier Jiawei Pan Anne Replumaz Philippe Hervé Leloup Marianne Métois Haibing Li Southeastward increase of the late Quaternary slip-rate of the Xianshuihe fault, eastern Tibet. Geodynamic and seismic hazard implications Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2018 485 19–31 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.12.045 2018E&PSL.485...19B Earthquake 250px|right|thumb|A view from above of the Xianshuihe river valley and fault system. The earthquake measured 7.9 on the Chinese surface-wave magnitude scale but further analysis and recalculation indicate a magnitude of 7.6.Clarence R. Allen Luo Zhuoli Qian Hong Wen Xueze Zhou Huawei Huang Weishi Segmentation and Recent rupture history of the Xianshuihe Fault, Southwestern China U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 1989 89–315 https://authors.library.caltech.edu/53858/ 2 July 2021 Fault segmentation and controls of rupture initiation and termination. 10–30 A s 6.3 aftershock occurred a day later, likely triggered by coulomb stress transfer from the mainshock.Liu Guiping Fu Zhengxiang 1973年炉霍大地震（Ms=7.6）最大余震（Ms=6.3）的库仑破裂应力触发 Earthquake Research in China 18 175–182 http://www.pztsg.com/qikan/3a75708c29de53782848bc70269101e0.html 23 July 2021 The Coulomb rupture stress triggering of the largest aftershock (Ms=6.3) of the 1973 Luhuo earthquake (Ms=7.6) Chinese 23 July 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210723153256/http://www.pztsg.com/qikan/3a75708c29de53782848bc70269101e0.html dead Geomorphic evidence of the earthquake was well-preserved because it occurred in mid-winter. This event was the result of pure left-lateral slip on the Luhuo segment of the Xianshuihe fault system. A section of the Xianshuihe fault ruptured for a length of 90 km, and produced a maximum slip of 3.8 m on the shallow 0–5 km section of the rupture zone.Yang Jianbing Zhao Bin Du Ruilin Yu Jiansheng Wang Dongzhen 1923年仁达地震与1973年炉霍地震的破裂模型及触发关系研究 Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics 2020 40 8 783–789 10.14075/j.jgg.2020.08.003 http://html.rhhz.net/DDCLYDQDLX/html/12179.htm 2 July 2021 Research on the Rupture Model and Trigger Relationship of Renda Earthquake in 1923 and Luhuo Earthquake in 1973 ChineseZhou Hui-lan Allen Clarence R. Kanamori Hiroo Rupture complexity of the 1970 Tonghai and 1973 Luhuo earthquakes, China, from P-wave inversion, and relationship to surface faulting https://authors.library.caltech.edu/49194/1/1585.full.pdf Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1983 73 6A 1585 10.1785/BSSA07306A1585 1983BuSSA..73.1585Z Near Dandu Township, an agricultural field was offset by 7.2 m, but studies indicated that it was the accumulation of offsets from previous earthquakes, including the 1816 event.Clarance R. Allen Qian Hong Xue-Ze Wen Luo Zhuoli Field study of a highly active fault zone: The Xianshuihe fault of southwestern China Geological Society of America Bulletin 1991 103 9 1178–1199 10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1178:FSOAHA>2.3.CO;2 1991GSAB..103.1178A https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240670783 Surface ruptures were well documented by scientists throughout the 90 km length extending from Renda to Kasu. The southeastern 10 km segment of the earthquake rupture overlapped that of the 1923 Renda earthquake, another s 7.3 earthquake on the Xianshuihe Fault. The Luhuo segment of the Xianshuihe fault system was also the source of a magnitude 7.5 earthquake in 1816. Field research through trenching at the Luhuo segment however, revealed a record of earthquake history on the fault in the past 3,000 years. The first event identified in the exposed strata layers corresponded to the year 769 BC. Five additional events were also identified to have occurred in the years 318–545 AD, 677–833 AD, and 1008–1444 AD. A recurrence interval has been calculated at between 157 and 1,200 years for the earthquakes from 769 BC–1973 AD.Mingjian Liang Lichun Chen Yongkang Ran Yanbao Li Shuaipo Gao Mingming Han Lili Lu Abnormal Accelerating Stress Release Behavior on the Luhuo Segment of the Xianshuihe Fault, Southeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau, During the Past 3000 Years Frontiers in Earth Science 2020 8 274 274 10.3389/feart.2020.00274 2020FrEaS...8..274L free Impact The earthquake killed between 2,175 and 2,204 people in Sichuan Province. It also left 43 orphans in the aftermath.Yang Yanyu 四川炉霍40年从地震废墟上崛起 http://www.chinanews.com/tp/hd2011/2013/02-06/172883.shtml 2 July 2021 China News 6 February 2013 It caused extensive destruction along its 90 km of rupture. Nearly homes near or in the path of the rupture were destroyed, amounting to at least 15,700.Li Zhongdong 鲜水河断裂带，危险与美景并存之地 https://www.163.com/dy/article/E8SJI0LP0512VPKM.html 163.com 2 July 2021 25 February 2019 9 July 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190147/https://www.163.com/dy/article/E8SJI0LP0512VPKM.html dead http://amuseum.cdstm.cn/AMuseum/earthquak/6/2j-6-8b1.html 1973年炉霍地震 2013-08-13 2020-02-22 https://web.archive.org/web/20200222233413/http://amuseum.cdstm.cn/AMuseum/earthquak/6/2j-6-8b1.html dead An estimated 2,867 buildings were also heavily damaged. Across two towns in Luhuo County, 4,600 of the 5,000 homes collapsed while another 880 suffered serious damage. A further 90 sustained cracks. China National Highway 318 or the Sichuan-Tibet highway was damaged by rockfalls, landslides and ground cracks at 17 locations. Other roadways, bridges and telecommunication systems were damaged or disrupted as well. Some 40,427 livestock died and 2.01 million kilograms of food were lost. The earthquake triggered between 40 and 50 landslides in the Xianshui River valley.大灾无情！盘点历史上四川发生的10余次7级以上地震 http://www.chengdumingxiao.com/share?type=1&id=8022 chengdumingxiao.com 2 July 2021 10 August 2017 9 July 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185248/http://www.chengdumingxiao.com/share?type=1&id=8022 dead Nearly all recorded landslide features were distributed within a 70 km by 2 km, or 409 km2 area within the valley. Field surveys observed 137 landslides, all of which lay within the zone of VIII or higher intensity.X. L. Chen Q. Zhou H. Ran R. Dong Earthquake-triggered landslides in southwest China Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2012 12 2 351–363 10.5194/nhess-12-351-2012 2012NHESS..12..351C free A division of the People's Liberation Army was sent to the affected area to assist in rescue and recovery efforts. In the division, at least 668 medical crew from 49 groups attended to injured survivors.四川炉霍40年从地震废墟上崛起 https://www.chinanews.com/df/2013/02-06/4554389.shtml China News Network 23 July 2021 Chinese 2013 See also List of earthquakes in 1973 List of earthquakes in China List of earthquakes in Sichuan References External links 763709 【记忆中的年】四十八年前的春节 https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181720/http://www.ganzitv.com/cms/a/71507632/content 2021-07-09 – Images of the earthquake Category:Earthquakes in Sichuan Category:1973 earthquakes Category:1973 in China Category:Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Category:February 1973 in Asia Category:1973 disasters in China Category:Strike-slip earthquakes