1999 Düzce earthquake

1999 earthquake in north-central Turkey 1999 Düzce earthquake 1999-11-12 16:57:22 1650092 usp0009hev Duzce 1999 earthquake damage Bilham 892.jpg Collapsed building in Düzce Turkey Marmara#Turkey 1999 11 12 yes 18:57:22 7.2 w y 13.7 km mi 0 on 40.82 31.2 region:TR_type:event inline,title North Anatolian Fault Strike-slip Turkey $1 billion 9 845–894 dead 4,948 injured 55,000 displaced The 1999 Düzce earthquake occurred on 12 November at 18:57:22 local time 16:57:22 UTC with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), causing damage and at least 845 fatalities in Düzce, Turkey. The epicenter was approximately 100 km mi on to the east of the extremely destructive 1999 İzmit earthquake that happened nearly three months earlier. Both strike-slip earthquakes were caused by movement on the North Anatolian Fault. Tectonic setting The western and central parts of Turkey lie on the eastern part of the Anatolian plate, which is currently being forced to the west by the continuing northward movement of the Arabian plate. In northern Turkey, this westward motion is taken up by a major zone of dextral (right-lateral) strike-slip, the North Anatolian Fault. The 1999 Düzce event is the most recent in a sequence of large earthquakes that have affected the North Anatolian Fault, starting towards the eastern end with the 1939 Erzincan earthquake, then propagating towards the west with events in 1942, 1943, 1944, 1951, 1957, 1967 and finally the 1999 İzmit event. At its western end the North Anatolian Fault splits into two main segments, with the northern of these giving rise to the 1999 earthquakes.Akyüz H.S. Hartleb R. Barka A. Altunel E. Sunal G. Meyer B. Armijo R. Surface Rupture and Slip Distribution of the 12 November 1999 Düzce Earthquake ( M 7.1), North Anatolian Fault, Bolu, Turkey http://bmeyer2.free.fr/pdf/Akyuzetal-Duzce.pdf Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2002 92 1 61–66 10.1785/0120000840 2002BuSSA..92...61A Earthquake The earthquake had an estimated magnitude in the range 7.1–7.2 on the moment magnitude scale. The International Seismological Centre gives a magnitude of 7.16±0.1 for this event in their catalogue. The maximum measured intensity was IX at a seismometer about 4 km from the epicentre, with a peak ground acceleration of 147.80%g and a peak ground velocity of 113.02 cm/sec.https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0009hev#shakemap M 7.2 – western Turkey United States Geological Survey 2018-02-13 Ground rupture A surface rupture of 40 km was identified in the field along the Düzce Fault, part of the northern splay of the North Anatolian Fault. This was extended by an additional 15 km at the eastern end using SPOT imagery.Konca A.O. Leprince S. Avouac J-P. Helmberger D.V. Donald V. Helmberger 2010 Rupture Process of the 1999 M w 7.1 Duzce Earthquake from Joint Analysis of SPOT, GPS, InSAR, Strong-Motion, and Teleseismic Data: A Supershear Rupture with Variable Rupture Velocity https://authors.library.caltech.edu/17597/1/Konca2010p7133B_Seismol_Soc_Am.pdf Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 100 1 267–288 2010BuSSA.100..267K 10.1785/0120090072 The maximum identified lateral displacement was 5 m, with an average displacement of 3 m. At the western end of the fault, there was a maximum 3.5 m of vertical displacement. Rupture propagation Analysis of seismometer records suggests that the rupture propagated towards the east faster than the S wave velocity (supershear) and to the west slower than the S-wave velocity. Supershear rupture propagation is characteristic of strike-slip earthquakes, particularly on fault segments that are relatively simple and planar in geometry. Impact Düzce and surrounding areas had already been quite badly affected by the İzmit earthquake a few months earlier, so that many buildings were already in a weakened state when the November earthquake struck. The death toll in Düzce was 478, with an additional 313 fatalities in Kaynaşlı and 48 more in Bolu.Rathje E.M. Ellen Rathje Stewart J.P. Baturay M.B. Bray J.D. Bardet J.P. 2006 Strong ground motions and damage patterns from the 1999 Duzce earthquake in Turkey https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt84v1r3t8/qt84v1r3t8.pdf Journal of Earthquake Engineering 10 5 693 10.1142/S136324690600289X A significant number of deaths were attributed to the presence of traditional heaters causing fires and related smoke effects, particularly in Kaynaşlı.https://books.google.com/books?id=i_JW11bhJNIC&pg=PA320 Chapter 16: Interorganizational Coordination; Analysis of 2011 Van Earthquake Celik S. Corbacioglu S. Disaster Resiliency: Interdisciplinary Perspectives Routledge 2013 9781136239953 Kapucu N. 320 Hawkins C.V. Rivera F.I. Thirty people were also injured in Zonguldak.17 Killed, Over 500 Injured in Strong Quake in Turkey https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/17-killed-over-500-injured-strong-quake-turkey Xinhua News Agency ReliefWeb 12 November 1999 3 September 2024 Relief efforts 290px|thumb|Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency established in order to prepare for future events. Following criticism of their response to the İzmit earthquake, the Turkish government reacted quickly to the November earthquake, with rapid deployment of military personnel, police and medical teams to the area.https://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/14/world/death-toll-nearing-400-in-friday-s-quake-in-turkey.html Death Toll Nearing 400 in Friday's Quake in Turkey Kinzer S. 14 November 1999 New York Times Field hospitals were provided by teams from Russia, Japan, Egypt and Israel.https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/situation-report-8-duzce-earthquake-turkey Situation Report 8: Duzce Earthquake, Turkey UN Development Programme 19 November 1999 Search and rescue teams were sent from many countries including Austria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Poland, Ukraine, Romania, Israel, United Kingdom, United States, Greece, Germany, Russia, Spain, the Netherlands, France, Algeria, Sweden and Switzerland.https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/mission-ends-foreign-teams-turk-quake-zone Mission Ends for Foreign Teams in Turk Quake Zone Senkul O. 16 November 1999https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/turks-bury-dead-search-quake-survivors Turks bury dead, search for quake survivors Senkul O. 14 November 1999 An estimated 2,000 rescuers were present, including 150 search dogs.https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/turkey-earthquake-deployment Turkey earthquake deployment Rescue And Preparedness In Disasters 14 November 1999 Many of those made homeless by the earthquake were temporarily placed in encampments, but this was problematic as the weather was generally wet and temperatures at night were at or near freezing and many of the tents were not "winterized".https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/situation-report-7-duzce-earthquake-turkey Situation Report 7: Duzce Earthquake, Turkey UN Development Programme 18 November 1999 A year after the earthquake, about 7,500 people were still living in tents with about 30,000 accommodated in prefabricated houses.https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/life-still-difficult-year-after-turkish-earthquake Life still difficult a year after Turkish earthquake Deutsche Presse Agentur 10 November 2000 Aftermath The catastrophic loss of life during the earthquake, largely attributed to poor construction practices and building code violations, sparked a profound national outcry in Turkey. In the aftermath of the disaster, legal proceedings were initiated against contractors whose substandard work directly contributed to the collapses. Several businessmen, including Veli Göçer 30 January 2002 Deprem Sanığı Veli Göçer Yargılandı https://bianet.org/haber/deprem-sanigi-veli-gocer-yargilandi-7690 bianet.org trVeli Göçer tahliye edildi soL haber https://haber.sol.org.tr/devlet-ve-siyaset/veli-gocer-tahliye-edildi-haberi-45395 2026-06-21 haber.sol.org.tr tr2025-12-11 Veli Göçer kimdir, kaç yaşındaydı, neden vefat etti? Müteahhit Veli Göçer nereliydi? 17 Ağustos 1999 depreminde yargılanmıştı! https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/bilgi/galeri/veli-gocer-kimdir-kac-yasindaydi-neden-vefat-etti-muteahhit-veli-gocer-nereliydi-17-agustos-1999-depreminde-yargilanmisti-43049965 2026-06-21 www.hurriyet.com.tr tr and Hamza Cebeci,Uyar Sefa 2023-02-20 Düzce depreminde müteahhitliğini yaptıkları bina 20 kişiye mezar olmuştu: Suçlu Saray’ın danışmanı https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/siyaset/duzce-depreminde-muteahhitligini-yaptiklari-bina-20-kisiye-mezar-olmustu-suclu-sarayin-danismani-2053413 2026-06-21 www.cumhuriyet.com.tr trMahmut Övür Düzce'de depremde çöken Işık Apartmanı hakkındaki gazete haberi 2004-10-28 http://archive.org/details/duzce_isik_apartmani 2026-06-21Sabah Gazetesi'nin Düzce Depremi'nde çöken Işık Apartmanı'nın müteahhiti Hamza Cebeci hakkındaki haberi 1999-11-25 http://archive.org/details/hamza_cebeci_duzce_deprem_1999 2026-06-21 Katil Hamza Cebeci https://medium.com/@senismet/katil-hamza-cebeci-15b4125bae3a Medium enEla Rümeysa Cebeci'nin amcası tanıdık çıktı - Sözcü https://www.sozcu.com.tr/amp/ela-rumeysa-cebeci-nin-amcasi-deprem-muteahhidi-cikti-p278818 2026-06-21 www.sozcu.com.trOdatv 2020-05-09 Yıllar sonra Erdoğan'la yeniden buluştu... Peki kimdir Hamza Cebeci... 17 Ağustos depreminin simge ismiydi https://www.odatv.com/guncel/yillar-sonra-erdoganla-yeniden-bulustu-peki-kimdir-hamza-cebeci-17-agustos-depreminin-simge-ismiydi-183683 2026-06-21 Odatv tr were tried, convicted of negligent homicide, and sentenced to prison Şaka gibi! https://www.gazetevatan.com/gundem/saka-gibi-38984 https://web.archive.org/web/20260414113423/https://www.gazetevatan.com/gundem/saka-gibi-38984 2026-04-14 2026-06-21 Gazete Vatan tr for their roles in the collapse of poorly constructed buildings. Responding to the public outrage and the systemic failures exposed by the disaster, the Ecevit government subsequently passed new legislation designed to improve construction quality and enforce stricter building standards.Preparing for the Big One: Learning from Disaster in Turkey https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/10/07/preparing-for-big-one-learning-from-disaster-in-turkey 2026-06-21 World Bank enIzmit Quake: How 1999 Shaped Earthquake Risk in Türkiye https://www.moodys.com/web/en/us/insights/insurance/how-did-the-1999-izmit-earthquake-shape-earthquake-risk-in-turkiye.html 2026-06-21 www.moodys.com en Gallery See also List of earthquakes in 1999 List of earthquakes in Turkey References ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2012) http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php ISC 2016 International Seismological Centre Version 3.0 Significant Earthquake Database https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&s=1&d=1 https://web.archive.org/web/20060929000601/http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&s=1&d=1 dead September 29, 2006 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) 1972 National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA 10.7289/V5TD9V7K PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog https://earthquake.usgs.gov/static/lfs/data/pager/catalogs/ https://web.archive.org/web/20200313112456/ftp://hazards.cr.usgs.gov/web/data/pager/catalogs/ dead 2020-03-13 September 4, 2009 United States Geological Survey Version 2008_06.1 External links 1650092 eq-1999-0449-tur 1999 Düzce Category:1999 earthquakes Category:1999 in Turkey Category:History of Düzce Category:Supershear earthquakes Category:November 1999 in Turkey Category:Strike-slip earthquakes Category:1999 disasters in Turkey