1993 Kushiro earthquake

Earthquake in Japan Kushiro–Oki earthquake (釧路沖地震) 100 km on 2 dead966 injuredGeospatial Information Authority of Japan The Kushiro-Oki Earthquake, 1993 (January 15, M7.8) (Japan Meteorological Agency) https://cais.gsi.go.jp/YOCHIREN/report/kaihou50/01_02.pdf Sapporo District Meteorological Observatory, JMA Yes Yes 1.06 g 1040.6 Gal 6IXSignificant Earthquake Database https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/5344 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 1959 Data Set ¥94.1 billion Intraplate 7.6 w yes7.8 JMA yes 20:06 JST 15 January 1993 1993-01-15 11:06:05 usp0005ktj 252904 Japan Hokkaido 42.98 144.34 inline,titleOB 252904日本付近の主な被害地震年代表 https://web.archive.org/web/20210524161451/https://www.zisin.jp/publications/document05_06.html 2021-05-24 – 日本地震学会 1993 Kushiro earthquake shakemap.jpg None The 1993 Kushiro–Oki earthquake (釧路沖地震, Kushiro-Oki Jishin) was one of two large earthquake to strike the Japanese island of Hōkkaido within the same year. The earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 w or 7.8 JMA struck at 11:06 UTC or 08:06 pm JST on January 15 near the town of Ashoro. Shaking reached a maximum intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing considerable damage, and was felt throughout the island, into northern Honshu, Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands. As a result of the tremors, two people were killed and more than 600 were wounded.Significant Earthquake Information JAPAN: HOKKADIO, KUSHIRO, HACHINOHE, HONSHU https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/5344 live https://web.archive.org/web/20210111123643/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/5344 2021-01-11 9 January 2021 NGDC This earthquake was followed up by another 7.7 wearthquake six months later, occurring in the Sea of Japan which triggered a deadly tsunami. Over 200 deaths were recorded, with many missing. Although that earthquake killed more people, it was felt over a smaller area compared to the event in January, possibly because it had a deeper depth of focus. Tectonic setting Hokkaidō sits near a convergent plate boundary where the Pacific plate is subducting beneath the Okhotsk microplate at a rate of 8.5–9.0 cm/yr along the Kuril and Japan trenches.Okuda Takashi Ide Satoshi 2018 Streak and hierarchical structures of the Tohoku–Hokkaido subduction zone plate boundary Earth, Planets and Space 70 132 132 10.1186/s40623-018-0903-8 2018EP&S...70..132O free The associated plate boundary megathrust would rupture in moderate to very large megathrust earthquakes such as those seen in 1952, 1963, 2003 and 2011. However, earthquakes also occur within the downgoing Pacific plate, beneath Japan, along faults that release strain within it. These intraslab earthquakes can have a focal depth of up to 100 km or deeper. Despite having greater focal depths, these events can produce strong ground motions at the surface. Earthquakes within the subducting plates are known as intraslab events; other intraslab earthquakes including those occurring in 1987, 2001, 2003 and 2008 have been damaging.Suzuki Wataru Aoi Shin Sekiguchi Haruko Rupture Process of the 2008 Northern Iwate Intraslab Earthquake Derived from Strong-Motion Records Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2009 99 5 2825–2835 10.1785/0120080331 2009BuSSA..99.2825S Earthquake The magnitude 7.6 Kushiro–Oki earthquake was an intermediate-depth intraslab event occurring at a depth of 100 km beneath Hokkaidō. It occurred in a region where there was a lack of prior seismicity.Takeo Minoru Ide Satoshi Yoshida Yashuhiro The 1993 Kushiro-Oki, Japan, Earthquake: A high stress-drop event in a subducting slab Geophysical Research Letters 1993 20 23 2607–2610 10.1029/93GL02864 American Geophysical Union 1993GeoRL..20.2607T Based on studying the aftershocks distribution, it was determined that the earthquake ruptured a near-horizontal fault.Morikawa Nobuyuki Sasatani Tsutomu Source spectral characteristics of two large intra-slab earthquakes along the southern Kurile-Hokkaido arc Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 2003 137 1–4 67–80 10.1016/S0031-9201(03)00008-6 Elsevier 2003PEPI..137...67M Slip along the fault was restricted to a 40 km by 20 km area, and was located within the underthrusted slab.Suzuki Sadaomi Kasahara Minoru 1996 Unbending and horizontal fracture of the subducting Pacific plate, as evidenced by the 1993 Kushiro-oki and the 1981 and 1987 intermediate-depth earthquakes in Hokkaido https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0031920195030905 Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 93 1–2 91–104 10.1016/0031-9201(95)03090-5 1996PEPI...93...91S 0031-9201 subscription The fault ruptured at a velocity of 3.3 km/s or 3.6 km/s, producing an average slip of 5.5 m, with a localized maximum slip estimated at 11 m.T. Sasatani, N. Morikawa 2002 Asperity Source Model of the 1993 Kushiro-Oki Earthquake (Mw 7.6): A Large Intra-Slab Earthquake https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/13_3413.pdf 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering In October 1994, a larger intraslab earthquake would strike the region. That earthquake occurred along a near-vertical fault. A study suggested that this earthquake was triggered by the deep-focus earthquake of May 12, 1990, which occurred 594 km beneath the southern part of Sakhalin, caused by extension along the deeper part of the downgoing Pacific plate.Moki Kiyoo 最近の北海道周辺の地震活動の活発化(続報) 24–29 https://cais.gsi.go.jp/YOCHIREN/report/kaihou57/01-07.pdf Recent activation of seismic activity around Hokkaido (follow-up report) Geospatial Information Authority of Japan Nihon University ja Effects thumb|Damage to a pier in Kushiro. A peak ground acceleration of up to 922 cm/s² was recorded at Kushiro that lasted 30 seconds which caused extensive soil liquefaction and damage to the city.Sasatani T. 1996 Side effects in Kushiro during the 1993 Kushiro-oki earthquake and the 1994 Hokkaido Toho-oki earthquakes Eleventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Hokkaido University 2029 In the city, six homes collapsed while 590 were affected, 33 of them sustaining serious damage. Further destruction of properties resulted from landslides and slope failures, some posing additional threats even after the earthquake. During one of the many landslides, a house slid ten meters down the slopes of a hill. The port area was also destroyed by liquefaction, buried manholes and sewage pipes were uplifted and erupted from the ground by up to 1.5 meters.Fumio Yamazaki Kimiro Meguro Huanan Tong 1995 General review of recent five damaging earthquakes in Japan http://www.ers.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/PDF/ERSNo.28/1995-09-No.28-04.pdf Bull. ERS 28 Uplift was observed along a 200-meter zone.Kohji Tokimatsu, Toru Sekiguchi and Akio Abe 2000 Effects Of Hidden Valley On Ground Response And Damage Distribution In The 1993 Kushiro-Oki Earthquake https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/2231.pdf live https://web.archive.org/web/20210111073722/https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/2231.pdf 2021-01-11 12th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg. Two people were killed; one died from a falling ceiling light, the other was poisoned by gas. Sixty-one individuals were badly injured while another 661 had received minor injuries.1993 Report of the January 15, 1993 Kushiro-oki Earthquake https://www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/japan_kushiro_oki_1993_newsletter.pdf live https://web.archive.org/web/20060521032730/http://www.eeri.org:80/lfe/pdf/japan_kushiro_oki_1993_newsletter.pdf 2006-05-21 Earthquake Engineering Research Institute 27 (8) Farm roads, irrigation and drainage canals, and pipelines were severely damaged by ground failures induced by shaking.1995 Damage to Agricultural Facilities Caused by the 1993 Kushiro-oki and Hokkaido Nansei-Oki Earthquakes https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3206&context=icrageesd live https://web.archive.org/web/20210111104558/https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3206&context=icrageesd 2021-01-11 9 January 2021 Missouri University of Science and Technology More roads across 18 locations had to be closed due to the failure of embankments. Slope failures were common around Kushiro, which brought down with it local homes.Meguro Kimiro Kumazawa Fumitoshi Mikami Atsushi 1995 Damage report on the 1994 Hokkaido-Toho-Oki Earthquake http://www.ers.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/PDF/ERSNo.28/1995-09-No.28-09.pdf Bull. ERS 28 77–95 Gas pipelines were damaged, affecting more than 9,300 residents when supply ceased. It was only restored 23 days later. Water was also inaccessible to 4,000 people for five days. Throughout the island, over 57,000 were left without power after the quake but was quickly restored by the next day. Since the earthquake occurred during the winter, a thorough inspection of dams could not be conducted as snowfall had completely covered the structures. It was only in the spring did engineers began their investigation. The Mombetsu Dam was found with some damage; the concrete slope protection on the upstream side of that dam had been raised slightly, but they weren't found to affect the state of the dam. Deformation on the ground slope of the left bank was also discovered when the reservoir was drained.Akira Nakamura Shota Yasuda Tomoya Iwashita 1994 Behavior of dams during the 1993 Kushiro-oki Earthquake and the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-oki Earthquake Japan Society of Dam Engineers 4 6 31–44 Retrofitting works done would spare the city from damage once again when the Kuril Islands was struck with a much bigger earthquake in October 1994. See also List of earthquakes in 1993 List of earthquakes in Japan References Category:1993 earthquakes Category:1993 in Japan Category:January 1993 in Japan Category:Earthquakes of the Heisei era Category:Earthquakes in Hokkaido Category:1993 disasters in Japan