1774 in science

none December 2010 1774 science 1774 The year 1774 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy Johann Elert Bode discovers the galaxy Messier 81. Lagrange publishes a paper on the motion of the nodes of a planet's orbit. Biology Italian physicist Abbé Bonaventura Corti publishes Osservazioni microscopiche sulla tremella e sulla circulazione del fluido in una pianta acquajuola in Lucca, including his discovery of cyclosis in plant cells.Arthur Hughes A History of Cytology https://archive.org/details/historyofcytolog00hugh registration London Abelard-Schuman 1959 41 French physician Antoine Parmentier publishes Examen chymique des pommes de terres in Paris, analysing the nutritional value of the potato. Chemistry August 1 – Joseph Priestley, working at Bowood House, Wiltshire, England, isolates oxygen in the form of a gas, which he calls "dephlogisticated air".Priestley Joseph 106209 An Account of Further Discoveries in Air Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 65 1775 384–94 10.1098/rstl.1775.0039 Antoine Lavoisier publishes his first book, a literature review on the composition of air, Opuscules physiques et chimiques. Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovers "dephlogisticated muriatic acid" (chlorine), manganese and barium. Exploration Second voyage of James Cook June 16/17 – English explorer Captain Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) Palmerston Island in the Pacific Ocean. September 4 – Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) the island of New Caledonia in Melanesia. October 10 – Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) Norfolk Island in the Pacific Ocean, uninhabited at this date. Mathematics P.-S. Laplace publishes Mémoire sur la probabilité des causes par les événements, including a restatement of Bayes' theorem.The Theory That Would Not Die https://archive.org/details/theorythatwouldn0000mcgr registration Sharon Bertsch McGrayne New Haven Yale University Press 2011 978-0-300-16969-0 Medicine and physiology William Hunter's Anatomia uteri humani gravidi tabulis illustrata | The Anatomy of the Human Gravid Uterus exhibited in figures is published by John Baskerville in Birmingham, England. Sugita Genpaku's Kaitai Shinsho ("New Text on Anatomy"), based on a Dutch publication, is published with illustrations in Japan, the first modern anatomy textbook produced there. Physics The Schiehallion experiment is carried out by Nevil Maskelyne to determine the mean density of the Earth."An account of Observations made on the Mountain Schehallien for finding its attraction". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London) 6 July 1775. Technology January 27 – John Wilkinson patents a method for boring cannon from the solid, subsequently utilised for accurate boring of steam engine cylinders.J. R. Harris Wilkinson, John (1728–1808) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press 2004 http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29428 2011-01-14 Jesse Ramsden produces an advanced circular dividing engine with the support of the Board of Longitude.Daniel J. Boorstin Daniel J. Boorstin The Discoverers: a history of man's search to know his world and himself https://archive.org/details/discoverers00boor registration New York Random House 1983 978-0-394-40229-1Daumas Maurice Les Instruments scientifiques aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles Paris Presses Universitaires de France 1953 Awards Copley Medal: Not awardedCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopedia Britannica 21 July 2020 en Births April 21 – Jean-Baptiste Biot (died 1862), French physicist. April 24 – Jean Marc Gaspard Itard (died 1838), French otorhinolaryngologist. April 28 – Francis Baily (died 1844), English astronomer. May 7 – Francis Beaufort (died 1856), Irish-born hydrographer. May 28 – Edward Howard (died 1816), English chemist. August 18 – Meriwether Lewis (died 1809), American explorer. September 26 – John Chapman (died 1845), American nurseryman. November 12 – Charles Bell (died 1842), Scottish-born anatomist. December 12 – William Henry (died 1836), English chemist. Deaths February 4 – Charles Marie de La Condamine, French geographer (born 1701) May 1 – William Hewson, English surgeon, anatomist and physiologist, "father of haematology" (born 1739) July 9 – Anna Morandi Manzolini, Italian anatomist (born 1714)Rebecca Messbarge The Lady Anatomist: The Life and Work of Anna Morandi Manzolini Chicago The University of Chicago Press 2019 168 978-0-22652-083-4 References Category:18th century in science Category:1770s in science