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1991 Ukrainian sovereignty referendum
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1991 Ukrainian independence referendum
gov November 2022
Do you agree that Ukraine should be part of a Union of Soviet Sovereign States on the basis on the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine? Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 1991 03 17 y 25,224,687 5,655,701 584,703 37,689,767 Ukrainian sovereignty referendum 1991.png oblast
A sovereignty referendum was held in the Ukrainian SSR on 17 March 1991 as part of a USSR-wide referendum. Voters were asked two questions on reforming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics into the Union of Sovereign States. Most voters supported the proposal, although in the pro-independence oblasts of Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Ternopil, voters opted for independence as part of an additional question.
The referendum followed the Declaration of State Sovereignty by the republic's parliament on 16 July 1990 as sovereign republic within the Soviet Union in line with the results.How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy by Anders Åslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2009, 978-0-88132-427-3 (page 21)
In August 1991, with the August Coup preventing the New Union Treaty from being adopted by the Soviet Union, a withdrawal from the USSR was proposed leading to a declaration of independence being drafted. The overwhelming majority of voters would back the idea in an independence referendum in December.Independence – over 90% vote yes in referendum; Kravchuk elected president of Ukraine https://web.archive.org/web/20171019083729/http://www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/1991/499101.shtml 2017-10-19 , The Ukrainian Weekly (8 December 1991)
Campaign
Republic-wide
1991 Soviet Union referendum
Throughout the entire Soviet Union, citizens were first asked:
Do you consider necessary the preservation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as a renewed federation of equal sovereign republics in which the rights and freedom of an individual of any nationality will be fully guaranteed?Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p492 0-19-924958-X
A boycott campaign reduced the against votes in Western Ukraine.Ukrainian Nationalism in the 1990s: A Minority Faith by Andrew Wilson, Cambridge University Press, 1996, 0-521-57457-9 (page 127)
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The Ukrainian SSR included an additional question for all of the republic's citizens; the voters were asked:
Do you agree that Ukraine should be part of a Union of Soviet Sovereign States on the basis on the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine?Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, pg. 1985 978-3-8329-5609-7
25224687 5655701 584703 37689767
Provincial
thumb|Location of Galicia in Ukraine
In the Galician provinces of Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, and Ternopil, voters were asked an additional question regarding the creation of an independent state of Ukraine:Dissolution: Sovereignty and the Breakup of the Soviet UnionFebruary 2019 InternetArchiveBot yes by Edward W. Walker, Rowman & Littlefield, 2003, 0742524523 (134)The Ukrainian West: Culture and the Fate of Empire in Soviet Lviv by William Jay Risch, Harvard University Press, 2011, 0674050010, (page 4)
Do you want the Ukraine to become an independent state that by itself decides all questions of domestic and foreign policy, secures equal rights of citizens regardless of their ethnic or religious affiliation?https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Politics_of_Nationality_and_the_Erosion/ujivCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA218 Politics of Nationality and the Erosion of the USSR 1992 Zvi Y. Gitelman 218
88.3 11.7 KatchanovskiCleft Countries: Regional Political Divisions and Cultures in Post-Soviet Ukraine and Moldova (Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society 33) by Ivan Katchanovski, 2006, 389821558X (page 40)
References
Category:1989–1991 Ukrainian revolution
Sovereignty
Category:1991 in international relations
Ukraine
Ukraine
Category:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Ukraine
Category:Referendums in the Soviet Union
Category:Referendums in Ukraine
Ukraine
Category:Ukrainian independence movement