1834–35 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 January 2025 1834–35 United States Senate elections United States 1822 legislative no 1832–33 United States Senate elections 1832 & 1833 1836–37 United States Senate elections 1836 & 1837 Class 2 1828–29 United States Senate elections 1828 & 1829 1840–41 United States Senate elections 1840 & 1841 16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 25 Dates vary by state 100px Seats up National Republican Party 23 seats 26 6 24 2 8 Jacksonian Party 21 seats 20 8 22 2 7 Nullifier Party 2 seats 2 1 2 1 Majority Party Anti-Jacksonian Party (US) Anti-Jacksonian Party (US) File:1834senatemap.svg Results:#b8dbfcff Jacksonian Hold #4fa8fcff Jacksonian Gain#fce6b0ff Anti-Jacksonian Hold #f7cf27ff Anti-Jacksonian Gain#9aebdfff Nullifier Hold #050d05ff Legislature Failed To Elect The 1834–35 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1834 and 1835, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2. The Anti-Jackson coalition maintained control of the Senate. However, during the 24th Congress, the Jacksonian coalition gained control of the Senate. Results summary Senate party division, 24th Congress (1835–1837) Majority party: Jacksonian (21–31) Minority party: Anti-Jackson (24–19) Other parties: Nullifier (2) Total seats: 48–52 Change in composition Before the elections NR1 NR2 NR3 NR4 NR14 NR13 NR12 NR11 NR10 NR9 NR8 NR7 NR6 NR5 NR15 NR16 NR17 NR18 NR19Del. DelawareRan NR20Miss. MississippiRan NR21R.I. Rhode IslandRan NR22Va. VirginiaRan NR23La. LouisianaUnknown NR24N.J. New JerseyUnknown Majority → NR25Mass. MassachusettsRetired J15Ga. GeorgiaRan J16Ill. IllinoisRan J17N.C. North CarolinaRan J18Tenn. TennesseeRan J19Ky. KentuckyUnknown N1 N2S.C. South CarolinaRan NR27MaineResigned NR26N.H. New HampshireRetired J14Ala. AlabamaRan J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5 J1 J2 J3 J4 Result of the regular elections NR1 NR2 NR3 NR4 NR14 NR13 NR12 NR11 NR10 NR9 NR8 NR7 NR6 NR5 NR15 NR16 NR17 NR18 NR19Del. DelawareRe-elected NR20R.I. Rhode IslandRe-elected NR21Va. VirginiaRe-elected NR22Mass. MassachusettsHold NR23Ky. KentuckyGain NR24Tenn. TennesseeRe-elected to different party Plurality → J15Ga. GeorgiaRe-elected J16Ill. IllinoisRe-elected J17N.C. North CarolinaRe-elected J18MaineGain J19Miss. MississippiGain J20N.H. New HampshireGain J21N.J. New JerseyGain N1 N2S.C. South CarolinaRe-elected V1La. LouisianaNR LossWinner was elected but resigned without having been seated. J14Ala. AlabamaRe-elected J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5 J1 J2 J3 J4 Key: NR# = National Republican J# = Jacksonian N# = Nullfier V# = Vacant Race summaries Special elections during the 23rd Congress In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1834 or before March 4, 1835; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Virginia(Class 2) William Rives Jacksonian 1832 (special) Incumbent resigned February 22, 1834.Successor elected February 26, 1834.Winner was also elected to the next term; see below.National Republican gain. National Republican Party (US) Benjamin W. Leigh (National Republican) February 2020 Missouri(Class 3) Lewis F. Linn Jacksonian 1833 (appointed) Interim appointee elected November 20, 1834.1835 Journal of the Senate of the Eighth General Assembly of the State of Missouri https://mdh.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/senatej/id/27616 Fayette, MO W.B. Napton 42 Jacksonian Party Lewis F. Linn (Jacksonian) July 2026 Pennsylvania(Class 3) William Wilkins Jacksonian 1832 Incumbent resigned June 30, 1834, to become U.S. Minister to Russia.New senator elected December 6, 1834.Jacksonian hold. Jacksonian Party James Buchanan (Jacksonian) 66 (49.62%)U.S. Senate Election - 6 December 1834 http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1834.pdf Wilkes University December 22, 2013 National Republican Party (US)Amos Ellmaker (National Republican) 31 (23.31%) Jacksonian PartyJames Clarke (Jacksonian) 26 (19.55%) National Republican Party (US)Joseph Lawrence (National Republican) 6 (4.51%) Jacksonian PartyJoel Sutherland (Jacksonian) 1 (0.75%) UnknownNot voting 3 (2.26%) Georgia(Class 3) John Forsyth Jacksonian 1818 (special)1819 (resigned)1829 (special)1830 or 1831 Incumbent resigned June 27, 1834, to become U.S. Minister to Spain.New senator elected January 12, 1835.Jacksonian hold. Jacksonian Party Alfred Cuthbert (Jacksonian) February 2020 Maryland(Class 3) Ezekiel F. Chambers NationalRepublican 1826 (special)1831 Incumbent resigned December 20, 1834, to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals.New senator elected January 13, 1835.National Republican hold. National Republican Party (US) Robert Henry Goldsborough (National Republican) February 2020 Maine(Class 2) Peleg Sprague NationalRepublican 1829 Incumbent resigned January 1, 1835.New senator elected January 20, 1835.Successor was also elected to the next term; see below.Jacksonian gain. Jacksonian Party John Ruggles (Jacksonian) February 2020 Races leading to the 24th Congress In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1835; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Alabama William R. King Jacksonian 181918221828 Incumbent re-elected in 1834. Jacksonian Party William R. King (Jacksonian) February 2020 Delaware John M. Clayton NationalRepublican 1827 (special)1829 Incumbent re-elected in 1835. National Republican Party (US) John M. Clayton (National Republican) February 2020 Georgia John Pendleton King Jacksonian 1833 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1834. Jacksonian Party John Pendleton King (Jacksonian) February 2020 Illinois John M. Robinson Jacksonian 1830 (special) Incumbent re-elected December 20, 1834. Jacksonian Party John M. Robinson (Jacksonian) 47 Jacksonian PartyRichard M. Young (Jacksonian) 30 Jacksonian PartyWilliam Beatty Archer (Jacksonian) 41835 Journal of the House of Representatives of the Ninth General Assembly of the State of Illinois, at Their First Session, Begun and Held in the Town of Vandalia, December 1, 1834 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.42846813&seq=7 Vandalia, IL J.Y. Sawyer 142–143 Kentucky George M. Bibb Jacksonian 1829 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 9, 1835.National Republican gain. National Republican Party (US) John J. Crittenden (National Republican) 94 Jacksonian PartyJames Guthrie (Jacksonian) 401834 Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, Begun and Held in the Town of Frankfort, on Wednesday the Thirty-First Day of December, in the Year of Our Lord 1834, and of the Commonwealth the Forty-Third. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ky_state_journals/17/ Frankfort, KY Albert G. Hodges 106–107 Louisiana George A. Waggaman NationalRepublican 1831 (special) Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.New senator elected in 1835, but resigned due to ill health before being seated.National Republican loss. Jacksonian Party Charles Gayarré (Jacksonian) February 2020 Maine Peleg Sprague NationalRepublican 1829 Incumbent resigned December 20, 1834, to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals.New senator elected January 19, 1835.Jacksonian gain.Successor was also elected to finish the term; see above. Jacksonian Party John Ruggles (Jacksonian) 73.91% National Republican Party (US)George Evans (National Republican) 26.09%https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=413238 Our Campaigns - ME US Senate Race - Jan 19, 1835 www.ourcampaigns.com Massachusetts Nathaniel Silsbee NationalRepublican 1826 (special)1828 Incumbent retired.New senator elected in 1835.National Republican hold. National Republican Party (US) John Davis (National Republican) February 2020 Mississippi George Poindexter NationalRepublican 1830 (appointed)1830 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1835.Jacksonian gain. Jacksonian Party Robert J. Walker (Jacksonian) February 2020 New Hampshire Samuel Bell NationalRepublican 1823 Incumbent retired.New senator elected in 1835.Jacksonian gain. Jacksonian Party Henry Hubbard (Jacksonian) February 2020 New Jersey Theodore Frelinghuysen NationalRepublican 1829 incumbent defeatd for re-election.New senator elected in 1835.Jacksonian gain. Jacksonian Party Garret D. Wall (Jacksonian) 35 National Republican Party (US)Theodore Frelinghuysen (National Republican) 28 North Carolina Bedford Brown Jacksonian 1829 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1835. Jacksonian Party Bedford Brown (Jacksonian) February 2020 Rhode Island Nehemiah R. Knight NationalRepublican 1821 (special)18231829 Incumbent re-elected May 13, 1835. National Republican Party (US) Nehemiah R. Knight (National Republican) 41 votes UnknownElisha Reynolds Potter (Unknown) 38 votesJ. Fred Parker, Secretary of State 1914 Manual, with Rules and Orders, for the use of the General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island, 1914 State of Rhode Island manual https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924106096948&view=1up&seq=191&skin=2021 Providence, RI E. L. Freeman Company, State Printers 149 South Carolina John C. Calhoun Nullifier 1832 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1834. Nullifier Party John C. Calhoun (Nullifier) February 2020 Tennessee Hugh Lawson White Jacksonian 1825 (special)1829 Incumbent re-elected in 1835 as National Republican.National Republican gain. National Republican Party (US) Hugh Lawson White (National Republican) February 2020 Virginia Benjamin W. Leigh NationalRepublican 1834 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1835. National Republican Party (US) Benjamin W. Leigh (National Republican) February 2020 Special elections during the 24th Congress In this special election, the winner was seated in 1835 after March 4; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Illinois(Class 3) Elias Kane Jacksonian 18241830 Incumbent died December 12, 1835.New senator elected December 29, 1835 on the twelfth ballot.Jacksonian hold. Jacksonian Party William Lee D. Ewing (Jacksonian) 40 Jacksonian PartyJames Semple (Jacksonian) 37 Jacksonian PartyAlexander M. Jenkins (Jacksonian) 11835 Journal of the House of Representatives at the Second Session of the Ninth General Assembly, of the State of Illinois, Begun and Held in Pursuance of the Proclamation of the Governor, in the Town of Vandalia, December 7, 1835 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.16853040&seq=7 Vandalia, IL J.Y. Sawyer 167–175 Early elections during the 24th Congress In these elections, the winners were not seated until 1837. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Michigan(Class 1) None (new state) New state.New senator was elected in November 1835 but not seated until January 6, 1837, due to a territorial dispute with Ohio.Jacksonian gain. Jacksonian Party Lucius Lyon (Jacksonian) February 2020 Michigan(Class 2) New state.New senator was elected in November 1835 but not seated until January 6, 1837, due to a territorial dispute with Ohio.Jacksonian gain. Jacksonian Party John Norvell (Jacksonian) February 2020 Alabama List of United States senators from Alabama 1835 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama January 2020 Connecticut (special) List of United States senators from Connecticut 1835 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut January 2020 Delaware List of United States senators from Delaware 1834 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware January 2020 Georgia List of United States senators from Georgia 1834 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia Georgia had two elections this cycle: a regular election for the class 2 seat and a special election for the class 3 seat. Georgia (regular) January 2020 In the class 2 seat, incumbent Jacksonian John Pendleton King, who had served since winning an 1833 special election, was re-elected sometime in 1834. Georgia (special) January 2020 In the class 3 seat, incumbent Jacksonian John Forsyth, who had served since winning an 1829 special election, resigned June 27, 1834, to become U.S. Minister to Spain. Jacksonian Alfred Cuthbert was elected January 12, 1835. Illinois List of United States senators from Illinois 1834 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois There were two elections in Illinois this cycle. Illinois (regular) January 2020 Illinois (special) July 2026 Kentucky List of United States senators from Kentucky 1835 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky January 2020 Louisiana List of United States senators from Louisiana 1834 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana January 2020 Maine List of United States senators from Maine 1834 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine Maine had two elections this cycle, both for the class 2 seat. Incumbent Anti-Jacksonian Peleg Sprague, who was elected in 1829, resigned January 1, 1835. Jacksonian John Ruggles won both elections. Maine (regular) January 2020 Jacksonian John Ruggles was elected January 19, 1835, to the next term. He was then elected to finish the current term, see below. Maine (special) January 2020 Jacksonian John Ruggles was elected January 20, 1835, to finish the term that would end March 3, 1835. Maryland (special) List of United States senators from Maryland November 2022 1835 United States Senate special election in Maryland 53 F0C862 80.95% National Republican Party Robert H. Goldsborough 15 17.86% No votes 1836 1836 United States Senate special election in Maryland 1831 1831 United States Senate election in Maryland 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Legislative January 7, 1835 presidential Ezekiel F. Chambers won election over non-voters by a margin of 63.10%, or 53 votes, for the Class 3 seat.https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122877 Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 07, 1835 2022-11-05 www.ourcampaigns.com Massachusetts List of United States senators from Massachusetts 1834–1835 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts January 2020 Michigan 1835 United States Senate elections in Michigan List of United States senators from Michigan 1835 United States House of Representatives election in Michigan The new state of Michigan elected its new senators in 1835, both Jacksonians: Lucius Lyon (Class 1) and John Norvell (Class 2). They were not seated until January 26, 1837, due to a territorial dispute with Ohio. Mississippi List of United States senators from Mississippi 1835 United States House of Representatives election in Mississippi January 2020 Missouri (special) List of United States senators from Missouri July 2026 New Hampshire List of United States senators from New Hampshire 1835 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire January 2020 New Jersey List of United States senators from New Jersey 1834 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey January 2020 North Carolina List of United States senators from North Carolina 1835 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina January 2020 Pennsylvania (special) 1834 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania List of United States senators from Pennsylvania 1834 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania January 2020 Rhode Island List of United States senators from Rhode Island 1835 United States House of Representatives election in Rhode Island January 2020 South Carolina List of United States senators from South Carolina 1834 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina January 2020 Tennessee List of United States senators from Tennessee 1835 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee January 2020 Virginia List of United States senators from Virginia 1835 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia Virginia had two elections this cycle, both for the class 2 seat. Incumbent Jacksonian William Rives, who had just won the 1832 special election, resigned February 22, 1834. Anti-Jacksonian Benjamin W. Leigh won both elections. Virginia (regular) January 2020 Anti-Jacksonian Benjamin W. Leigh was re-elected sometime in 1835 to the next term. Virginia (special) January 2020 Anti-Jacksonian Benjamin W. Leigh was elected February 26, 1834, to finish the term that would end March 3, 1835. He was then elected to the next term, see above. See also 1834 United States elections 1834–35 United States House of Representatives elections 23rd United States Congress 24th United States Congress Notes References Sources Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov Category:William R. King