1978 24 Hours of Le Mans

46th 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race 1977 1978 1979 thumb|300px|Le Mans in 1978 The 1978 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 46th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 10 and 11 June 1978. In many ways it was a continuation of the race from the year before – the two main protagonists would be the very evenly-matched works teams of Alpine-Renault and Porsche, with four cars each. The race was not valid (did not count points) for any championship. This time it was the Porsche team that had reliability issues – on only the second lap of the race two of their cars were in the pits. Renault soon established a solid hold of the top three positions. Like the year before, after the Ickx /Pescarolo car had early problems, Ickx was transferred to the second Porsche of Barth/Wollek. Once again he set about driving back through the field during the night, getting up to second by midnight behind the Jabouille/Depailler car. But a loss of fifth gear cost them half an hour to repair it. When the lead Renault Alpine A443 stopped on the circuit with a jammed gearbox, there was a sense of déjà vu for the French team. The sister Renault Alpine A442B of Jean-Pierre Jaussaud and Didier Pironi inherited the lead, with a 7-lap margin over the Porsches. Although the second-placed Porsche pulled back two of those laps, this time Renault would not be denied, and Pironi took the flag for a popular local victory with a record race-distance. Porsche were second and third, the remaining running Renault fourth with the Porsche 935s of customer teams in the next four places. The race also saw several high-speed crashes on the Mulsanne straight, but only one driver was seriously injured. Regulations With the predictable demise of the FIA Championship for Group 6 (World Championship for Sports Cars), Le Mans was left as the only significant race that combined Group 6 and Group 5 racecars. No changes were made to the race regulations. This year, the IMSA GT Championship added the Le Mans GTX class to the incumbent GTO and GTU classes. Wimpffen 2007, p.268 This, in turn, meant the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) could merge the IMSA and GTX into a single class. The IMSA regulations allowed a lower minimum weight and wider rear wheels than Group 5. IMSA also inaugurated the World Challenge for Endurance Drivers. Not sanctioned by the FIA, it was a series that linked American races at Daytona, Sebring and Talladega with Le Mans and the Nürburgring. Finally, the Daytona-Le Mans Trophy was repeated. Wimpffen 2007, p.264-5 Entries The ACO received only 70 applications, the smallest number in a decade with 60 chosen for qualification with a further 7 kept on reserve. Once again, the only manufacturer works teams were from Porsche and Renault, bolstered by entries from small-scale racing specialists Mirage, Osella and WM. Class Large-engines >2.0L classes Medium-engines < 2.0L classes Turbo engines Group 6 S Sports 14 / 12 15 / 14 9 / 0 Group 5 SP Special Production 9 / 8 - 8 Group 4 GTS Special GT 10 / 7 - 6 GTP Le MansGT Prototype 6 / 5 - 2 IMSA GTX IMSA/Le MansGT Experimental 13 / 9 - 2 Total Entries 52 / 41 15 / 14 27 Note: The first number is the number of arrivals, the second the number who started. Group 6 and GTP thumb|300px|right|Porsche 936-77 Defending winners, the Martini-Porsche works team, brought back the 936 for its only race of the season. The 2140cc engine with twin KKK (Kühnle, Kopp & Kausch) turbos had been enhanced with quads-cams and at 1.4bar of turbo boost now put out 580 bhp. Wound up to 1.7bar, it was a bit slower at top speed 345 kp/h (215 mph) but overall, with new aerodynamics, much faster around a complete lap. The extra engine power meant higher running temperatures and for the first time, Porsche had water-cooling, combined with its regular air-cooling.Armstrong 1978, p.156Spurring 2011, p.280-1Clarke 1997, p.65-6 Autosport Jun8 1978Clarke 1997, p.67 Autocar Jun10 1978 The cars were also fitted with the same gearboxes the Can-Am Porsche 917s had used to handle the great engine power.Armstrong 1978, p.161 Once again, the endurance experts Jacky Ickx and Henri Pescarolo were paired up, and given the new car. Jürgen Barth had a new co-driver in Bob Wollek, driving the car that failed to finish last year fitted with the new engine. For Wollek, it was his first drive with the works team, after fulfilling a prior commitment with Kremer the year before. Americans Hurley Haywood and Peter Gregg were given the winning car from 1976 and '77, still fitted with the twin-cam, single-turbo engine. Jochen Mass and Reinhold Joest were designated as reserve drivers.Spurring 2011, p.280-1 thumb|300px|right|Renault Alpine A443 After a disastrous showing the previous year, Renault Alpine did extensive work on the 2.0-litre twin-turbo engines, making over thirty modifications. The chassis also got scrutiny, with side-skirts and a Perspex bubble-canopy trialled. They did unprecedented testing, covering over 10,000 miles (16,000 km) at Circuit Paul Ricard and Istres airfield. Two short-tail chassis from the last season were given the new engine (A442A), while another was given a longer chassis (A442B). Finally, a brand-new chassis (only unveiled a month before) was built (A443) that had a 15cm longer wheelbase and was broader to carry wider wheels.The bigger 2138cc engine with a single turbo put out slightly more power (520 vs 500 bhp) but could reach 360 kp/h (225 mph) on the Hunaudières straight, fully 25 kp/h faster than the Porsche.Spurring 2011, p.276Clarke 1997, p.68 Autosport Jun8 1978 Once again, the cream of French Grand Prix talent was brought in: Jean-Pierre Jabouille/Patrick Depailler shared the new car, Jean-Pierre Jaussaud/Didier Pironi had the A442B. The older cars were driven by rally specialists Jean Ragnotti, Guy Fréquelin with José Dolhem and Jean-Pierre Jarier with Le Mans veteran Derek Bell.Spurring 2011, p.276 Patrick Tambay had been slated to race with Jabouille, but his burned foot had not healed sufficiently.Clarke 1997, p.72-3 Motor Jun17 1978 thumb|300px|right|Renault Alpine A442B, with canopy Mirage engineer John Horsman further developed the M8 to the M9. Keeping the 490 bhp Renault turbo engine, the new chassis was lower and narrower, with a long tail.Spurring 2011, p.287 The revised gearing was able to be tested on the new Interstate 10 section outside of Phoenix before it opened, where team driver Vern Schuppan was able get the car up to 335 kp/h. Two cars were entered: Schuppan had Formula 1 driver Jacques Laffite as co-driver, while Sam Posey and Michel Leclère once again shared the second car. Alain de Cadenet brought his next iteration based on the Lola T380, designed by Len Bailey (who had previously worked with John Wyer). The LM78 was longer, and faster: with the 460 bhp Cosworth DFV engine, De Cadenet's regular co-driver Chris Craft was able to make 345 kp/h (215 mph) on the back straight. A true privateer effort, as de Cadenet got virtually had no sponsorship.Spurring 2011, p.288 He even sold most of his valuable stamp collection to raise money. http://lemans-history.com/historia.php?#inicio Le Mans History LeMans-History.com 2021-07-28 Last year's model had been sold to privateer Pete Lovett, while the earlier model returned with Simon Phillips. A new entrant this year was the Ibec, for the Ian Bracey Engineering Company. The Ibec P6 was designed by Harvey Postlethwaite, currently involved with the Hesketh Formula 1 team and the chassis layout was based on the Hesketh 308. But the focus on that meant the Group 6 car fell behind schedule so Bracey took the car to the Lyncar plant to assemble. Drivers Ian Grob and Guy Edwards got their first drive of the car in testing less than a fortnight before the race.Spurring 2011, p.289 After the withdrawal of the sponsorship money of Inaltéra, Le Mans local Jean Rondeau, despite keeping the design plans, had been forced to sell his cars and start building his designs again. He toyed with a 6-wheeler idea inspired by the Tyrrell P34. http://lemans-history.com/historia.php?#inicio Le Mans History LeMans-History.com 2021-07-28 Assisted with funding from the city and local region his new car, the M378, was narrower, longer and lighter than the previous model. Testing on the Bugatti Circuit improved the aerodynamics.Spurring 2011, p.286 His co-drivers were rally driver Bernard Darniche and Jacky Haran. One of the Inaltéra bought by the Swiss concern was entered in GTP by André Chevalley. Welter Racing had a new design in the GTP class. The P78 had a longer, more aerodynamic shell. It kept the Peugeot 2.7-litre V6 engine with a KKK turbo and, after improvements, now put out 440 bhp. It would be driven by Debias/Sourd/Mathiot. The team also had last year's P77 model with its same turbo engine (Raulet/Mamers and the older P76. Driven by Bob Neyrat's squad of female racers Christine Dacremont/Marianne Hoepfner, it had a bigger 2.85-litre Peugeot non-turbo engine.Spurring 2011, p.291 The other GTP entry was the return of Bernard Decure's modified Alpine A310.Spurring 2011, p.262 Group 6 (2-litre) thumb|300px|right|Chevron B36 of the Société ROC team This year, the biggest class was the 2-litre category with fifteen entries. The class showed a good variety of chassis combined by different engines. The French engine-builder team, Société ROC, had three of the B36 Chevrons. This was the last model of Chevron produced when company founder Derek Bennett was killed in a hang-gliding accident.Spurring 2011, p.292 The Simca-ROC engine was also seen in two Lola. Two types of Cosworth engine powered the other five Lolas, as well as Charles Graemiger's Cheetah. With the demise of the World Group 6 Championship, the European Sportscar Championship was revived and Osella supplied a number of customer cars. Ted Toleman brought one of the Osella-BMWs to Le Mans, co-entered by BMW's British division, with a strong driver lineup of Tom Walkinshaw, Dieter Quester and his Formula 2 team driver Rad Dougall.Spurring 2011, p.296 Once again the small Sauber team was back with the C5, powered by a BMW engine. This year Swiss Formula 2 driver Marc Surer joined the regular drivers Eugen Strähl and Harry Blumer.Spurring 2011, p.293 Group 5 and IMSA GTX With the Porsche works team not contesting the World Championship, it devolved to a duel between the two German customer teams of Georg Loos (buying the services of the underemployed works pit-crews) and Kremer Racing with their 935s. BMW, with their new M1 model delayed, had to make do with the 2-litre 320i in the junior Division 1 class, that could not compete with the bigger cars. Porsche produced fifteen 935 cars for their customer teams. The 1978 version had twin-turbos and a two-level rear wing to improve downforce. Armstrong 1978, p.164 thumb|300px|right|Works-team Porsche 935-78 Meanwhile, the Martini-Porsche works team had developed their Third Generation of the Porsche 935. Nicknamed "Moby Dick", the mighty 935-78 had the most powerful Porsche engine since the 917 Can-Am turbos of the early '70s. The 3.2-litre flat six twin-cam could put out a massive 750 bhp with its twin KKK turbos. Engineer Norbert Singer had ingeniously lowered the car, by lifting the chassis floor, fitting the gearbox and final-drive upside-down and putting the radiators in front of the massive 19" rear wheels. The engine-size bumped it up to the 5-litre class, it had to have a minimum weight of 1025kg (compared to ~800kg for Group 6) and the smaller 120-litre petrol tank for Group 5 cars would demand more fuel-stops in the race (45-minute stints vs 80-minutes for Group 6). Ickx and Mass had won on its only race to date, at Silverstone the month before. As in previous Le Mans, the Group 5 car was handed to Rolf Stommelen and Manfred Schurti.Spurring 2011, p.282 There were seven other 935s entered by the customer teams. The Kremer brothers had three cars, despite losing their two main drivers (Wollek and Pescarolo) to the works team. Instead they had three relatively inexperienced sets: Gurdjian/Dieter Schornstein/Louis Krages, Raymond/Franey/Wielemans and Americans Busby/Cord/Knoop. Georg Loos only entered one of his two cars, but it had his best driving team of John Fitzpatrick/Toine Hezemans. The other three teams were regular Championship contenders –the French ASA-Cachia team, Mecarillos Racing Team (Switzerland) and Konrad Racing (Germany). A prospective "works" entry from the still independent AMG, which in 1978 was racing a Mercedes 450 SLC as touring carMercedes-Benz 450 SLC - Photo Gallery - Racing Sports Cars https://www.racingsportscars.com/type/photo/mercedes-benz/450%20SLC.html https://web.archive.org/web/20131203110532/http://www.racingsportscars.com/type/photo/Mercedes-Benz/450%20SLC.html 2026-08-01 2013-12-03 did not eventuate.Clarke 1997, p.79 Autosport Jun15 1978 It was enteredMercedes-Benz 450 SLC AMG in le Mans – als sich AMG 1978 in le Mans versuchte! https://autonatives.de/motorsport-blog/motorsport-historie/der-mercedes-benz-450-slc-amg-in-le-mans in Group 5 with No. 40, did not qualify in that group of competitive 935s, was listed as reserve, and was not called up. Driver Hans Heyer in 1982 presented a much more radical Mercedes 500 SLC for Group C.Einzigartiger Mercedes-Benz SLC 500, der aus le Mans verbannt wurde https://de.dyler.com/blog/966/mercedes-benz-slc-500 The broadening of the IMSA regulations had sent a further fleet of Porsche 935s across the Atlantic to dominate that series. The IMSA-GTX class was well supported with a number of those teams coming across for the first time: Dick Barbour's Hawaiian Tropic team had two cars – driven by Brian Redman/John Paul Snr and Barbour himself, with Bob Garretson/Steve Earle/Bob Akin in the second. The Whittington brothers, Bill and Don, hired Joest's car and got Championship driver Franz Konrad to partner them. There were also two teams running IMSA Porsche 911 Carreras. After a single Ferrari returned to Le Mans the previous year, there were five entered this year. The 512 BB had recently replaced the 365 GT/4, as the next in the mid-engined series. The 4.9-litre engine was bigger but slightly down on power. Revised rear suspension could accommodate wider tyres. Three cars were specially built by the Ferrari factory to IMSA specifications; two for Charles Pozzi's French team, and one for Luigi Chinetti from NART. A fourth was modified from a road-car by the Ecurie Francorchamps for the regular driver Jean Blaton, who raced under the pseudonym "Beurlys". The fifth car was the older NART 365/4 returning, and run again by the Frenchmen, Lucien Guitteny and François Migault.Spurring 2011, p.295 Beyond the Porsche vs Ferrari battle in this IMSA class, there was a solitary BMW driven by former European champion Pierre Dieudonné with Alain Cudini. American Brad Friselle, who raced with the Brumos Porsche team in the US, brought a Chevrolet Monza that he had purchased from Michael Keyser (who had raced a similar car in the 1976 race). Its 5.7-litre engine was the biggest one in the race.Spurring 2011, p.296 Group 4 GT The nine entries in the Group 4 class made this the sole preserve of Porsche, all run by small privateer teams. The five Porsche 934s, with the 3-litre turbo, had a distinct power advantage over the three normally-aspirated 3-litre Porsche 911 Carreras. Biggest car in the class was the new 3.3-litre turbo Porsche 911 Turbo (930) of Joël Laplacette.Spurring 2011, p.290 Practice and Qualifying thumb|300px|right|Porsche works team, led by the 935 Rolf Stommelen had never driven the Porsche 935-78 before, but in Wednesday practice he initially held the fastest time. The car was the second-fastest down the Hunaudières Straight, behind the Renaults, reaching 350 kp/h (220 mph).Clarke 1997, p.76-7: Road & Track Oct 1978 But the next day, in a misguided publicity action, Porsche chose to drive their 935 to the circuit through the streets of Le Mans. The gridlock and slow pace overheated the engine and holed a piston, forcing an unanticipated engine change. Wimpffen 2007, p.281Clarke 1997, p.70: Motor Sport Jul 1978 The cars of the works Porsche and Renault Alpine teams filled the top eight places on the grid. Jacky Ickx set a sensational new lap record of 3:27.6, beating Arturo Merzario's mark by over a second to put the new Porsche on pole position.Clarke 1997, p.80 Autosport Jun15 1978 Jabouille was almost a second back in the first of the Renaults. Rolf Stommelen got the 935 up to 3rd (3:30.9) well ahead of team-mate Wollek (3:35.2). Ninth was Schuppan's Mirage (3:45.8) ahead of Chris Craft in the De Cadenet. The Mirages had chronic handling issues, which burned up a lot of practice time to resolve. The Gelo 935 was the second Group 5 Porsche, at 11th, over 15 seconds behind Stommelen. The Dick Barbour 935 was fastest of the IMSA class in 16th (3:52.6) just ahead of the Whittington Brothers' 935. It was readily apparent the Ferraris were outpaced, with the leading one, of Charles Ballot-Léna, down in 33rd (4:07.1). The new WM was quickest GTP (3:52.9, 18th), the Osella led the 2-litre Group 6 (3:56.2, 22nd) comfortably ahead of the Sauber. Hervé Poulain's turbo Porsche was the first Group 4 in 32nd (4:07.0).Spurring 2011, p.299 Twenty-four cars broke the 4-minute barrier this year, compared to only twelve in 1976. After qualifying Pironi and Jaussaud chose to keep the bubble canopy, which they estimated was worth an extra 15 kp/h (10 mph) on the back straight.Clausager 1982, p.181-2 Both Depailler and Jabouille, driving the new A443, had found the bubble claustrophobic and causing bad reflections at night, so they asked for it to be removed from their car. Pironi and Jaussaud, in the A442B, however, chose to keep theirs.Spurring 2011, p.279 The non-qualifiers were selected from the slowest in several classes to keep a balanced quota. In Group 6, the ToJ was well off the pace, but DeCadenet's second car was unlucky to be bumped, having done the 19th fastest time. Race Start On a sunny Saturday morning before the main event, there was a half-hour race for historic cars. In a slight anachronism, it was Stirling Moss, coming out of retirement, who won driving a Maserati 250F Grand-Prix car. Moss had previously had two second places at Le Mans in 11 attempts, in 1953 and 1956. Second and third were a pair of Jaguar D-Types.Clarke 1997, p.74-5 Motor Jun17 1978 The honorary starter this year was legendary French cyclist Raymond Poulidor who had recently retired.Spurring 2011, p.272 Things started going wrong for Porsche from the start when Jabouille roared past Ickx into the Dunlop curve. At the end of the first lap, it was Jabouille twelve seconds ahead of Ickx, Wollek, Schurti in the 935 and Pironi.Clarke 1997, p.71: Motor Sport Jul 1978 But at the end of the next lap, there was a sensation when both Ickx and Haywood had to pit their Porsches. The former had high fuel pressure, while the latter had loose turbo pipes and a jammed throttle. Both rejoined several laps later, but Renault had Jabouille, Pironi and Jarier now running 1-2-3 line ahead of Wollek which is how it stayed to the first pitstops. Ragnotti's Calberson-Ranault was fifth with the two Mirages were next, Leclère ahead of Laffite. Then came Schurti, the De Cadenet and Sourd, in the WM turbo, leading GTP and rounding out the top 10. But in those pitstops, the leaders were delayed by a bad tyre-change and Depailler came out in fifth.Spurring 2011, p.274-5 In the third hour, the Mirage of Michel Leclère stopped on the far side of the track with a complete electrical failure. Four laps later the sister-car was refuelling and could not restart. In replacing the dead battery, a pit-man left a live wire on the chassis and when the key was turned it fried the electrics. Repairing that cost almost thirty minutes, dropping them to 30th. Early casualties in the Group 5 class were the highly favoured Loos Porsche and one of the Kremer Porsches, both put out with broken pistons. Meanwhile, Ickx was driving hard back through the field. By 8 pm he had the Porsche back up to 6th. But, just on 9 pm they lost fifth gear and all that work was undone as they lost 37 minutes while the gearbox was repaired, dropping them back to 19th. To that was added power loss and an ignition problem.Spurring 2011, p.280 So, in a repeat of the decision in the previous year's race, Ickx was pulled from his ailing car to help the surviving Wollek/Barth car. Jochen Mass, the reserve driver, was brought in to co-drive with Pescarolo.Clarke 1997, p.82 Autosport Jun15 1978 So as night fell, the Porsche was fourth (93 laps) chasing the French cars a lap ahead. Stommelen, duelling with the Calberson-Renault (92) with Haywood (89) and Craft (88) next. Three laps further back (85) were the American 935s: Busby's Kremer, and Barbour, leading the IMSA class, in tenth. Night The De Cadenet had been stopped early – a wheel weight had come off and fired through the chassis; it was running eighth, then the clutch started failing in the evening that eventually caused a 100-minute stop at 2 am to rebuild. It started a long drive back through the field. By 11 pm, after 7 hours, Renault held their 1-2-3 sequence. Jabouille/Depailler were back in the lead at dusk after the Pironi/Jaussaud car spent 7 minutes changing brake pads. Ickx was putting in an epic night-drive, ably assisted by Wollek and together they were consistently fast. To catch the French cars, Porsche pushed the turbo pressure of their leading car up from 1.4 to 1.5 bar. This extra speed gradually allowed them to reel in the cars ahead of them. But again, the progress was lost by several stops to correct dodgy wheel fittings. However in the half-hour before midnight, they progressively passed two of the Renaults to move back up into second place. Then when the Jarier/Bell car, running third, stopped at the Tertre Rouge with a broken transmission at 2.30am, alarm bells started ringing for the French team.Spurring 2011, p.274-5 Haywood's #7 Porsche was up to fifth, Stommelen/Schurti were sixth in the 935 and Pescarolo/Mass had got back up to seventh. Earlier, just after midnight, the Toleman Osella had been leading the Group 6 2-litre class when it crashed at high speed following a puncture at the Mulsanne kink. Driver Dieter Quester got a nasty gash to his face but was otherwise all right. So at the halfway point, with Renault running 1-3-4 and Porsche ready to pounce in 2-5-6-7, the race was keenly balanced. The Mirage had driven back through the field up to tenth. This time the mechanical issues struck every works Porsche: At 4am, Pescarolo pitted with electrical issues losing six laps. Their best-placed car had two stops to fix bad handling, and then Haywood lost 4 laps as the mechanics fixed a power-loss. Finally, the 935 was delayed getting a new fuel-pump fitted.Spurring 2011, p.274-5 The hard-working Mirage then had the throttle linkage break undoing their effort. The eighty minutes to repair dropped them back down to 17th. Morning In the cooler air, Jabouille put in the fastest lap of the race setting a new lap record of 3:34.2. As the light got better, the second Dick Barbour IMSA 935 crashed spectacularly. Bob Garretson lost control at the Mulsanne kink and rolled over and over for more than half a kilometre.Clarke 1997, p.83 Autosport Jun15 1978 Them at 7am, there was another big accident at almost the same location. Tony Charnell was leading the 2-litre class when his Mogil Motors Chevron lost a suspension link at over 260 kp/h (160 mph). Although the car flew into the trees and went to pieces, Charnell was uninjured. Not long after, at 8am, the Ragnotti/Fréquelin/Dolhem #4 car lost 32 minutes repairing its gearbox. Armstrong 1978, p.164 Then at 8.30 am was the third major accident in two hours, far more serious, when Christian Débias crashed the turbo WM P78 at top speed on the Hunaudières Straight. The force was such to break the car in three and pull the barrier out of the ground. Pulled out unconscious, despite a fractured skull and many broken ribs, Débias would make a full recovery.http://www.lemans-history.com/provas.php?ano=1978 Le Mans History LeMans-History.com 2021-07-28 The Porsche challenge started fading when Wollek brought his car into the pits just before 9 am with the same ailment that had struck their team-mate earlier: no fifth gear and another 37 minutes lost. The Calberson-Renault also had trouble with its gearbox, losing third gear and taking 20 minutes to repair. The Renault team wound back the turbo boost on their race-leader, but then half an hour later Depailler coasted to a halt at Mulsanne corner in a cloud of smoke with a jammed gearbox. After leading for 11 hours, it was out with a holed piston, in an alarming echo of the previous year. The Pironi/Jaussaud car, a lap behind, inherited the lead with a comfortable 7-lap lead over the Haywood/Gregg Porsche.Spurring 2011, p.274-5 Jabouille was transferred to the Calberson Renault to help bring it home. Before noon the Barth/Wollek/Ickx overtook its stablemate to move into second place. In the 20th hour, Mass crashed in the Porsche Curves having just got up to sixth.Spurring 2011, p.281 The works 935 had a very difficult race, with a myriad of problems: a stuck throttle, leaking radiator, loose windscreen, replacing the distributor and the fuel pump. Every 16 laps, the minimum allowed, it needed a complete oil refill. All up the car spent nearly 3 hours in the pits. Finish and post-race But Renault would not be denied this year. With a 30-minute lead, the Pironi/Jaussaud car, despite a fading clutch, ran faultlessly for the rest of the race to take the victory, finishing five laps ahead of the two works Porsches. Fourth was the Calberson Renault, 11 laps behind their team-mates, despite a dodgy fourth gear. Four Porsche 935s finished next, led home by the IMSA-class winning car of Dick Barbour Racing, beating the Group 5 winner from Kremer Racing by a lap. For experienced sports-car campaigner, Brian Redman, this was his first Le Mans finish. Jean Rondeau came through to win the GTP class for the third year in a row, having the small pleasure of beating his former car by 15 laps (200 km). The Mirage drivers, Schuppan and Laffite, had been bedevilled by mechanical issues through the day, including three gearbox malfunctions and a broken turbo costing a total of four hours in the pits. But the drivers persisted and were rewarded with a tenth-place finish. From the biggest class-entry there was but a single classified finisher from the Group 6 2-litres: Michel Pignard getting back-to-back victories for himself and Société ROC. The winner of the Group 4 GT class, in twelfth, was the Porsche 911 of Anny-Charlotte Verney. After an early gearbox issue, the car had run well, outlasting the more powerful 934 turbos. Their troubles meant they took the class-lead in the 8th hour and were never headed. The only other classified finisher in the class was the privateer entry of "Ségolen", also afflicted by gearbox problems and 20 laps behind. In a race of attrition, where many cars had had mechanical issues and delays, there were eight cars that would not be classified as they had not completed the 70% threshold (259 laps). Marc Surer and his Sauber team missed out by just 2 laps. Having initially led the class, they had to undergo a full gearbox rebuild in the early evening, then were plagued by an overheating and misfiring engine. It had been in the pits for much of the afternoon until going out to take the flag. After gearbox problems took out the Ferraris, the only one to finish was the Migault/Guitteny 365, which by coincidence, had also finished 16th the year before with the same drivers but had covered 6 further laps. Race-winner Didier Pironi had put in a double-shift at the end. Completely exhausted, he needed to be lifted out of the cockpit and given medical attention to get to the podium, leaving an emotional Jaussaud to take the trophy. He and Pironi had covered a record distance of 5044 km in the 24 hours. The race victory meant a lot to Renault, and France. As the team's Competition Director and former race-winner, Gérard Larrousse put it:Laban 2001, p.184 " The sales battle in Europe has never been so tough. The commercial fall-out of a race like this is far more obvious than the technical spin-offs, for a victory at Le Mans is one that cannot he doubted”. With the greater weighting on American races (that most European teams did not attend), the World Challenge for Endurance Drivers was won by John Paul Snr. By also taking a second at the 24 Hours of Daytona, Dick Barbour won the Daytona-Le Mans Trophy. This time it had been Porsche that had the unreliability issues and Renault Alpine finally achieved its aim of a Le Mans win. Straight after the race, the Renault Managing Director, Bernard Hanon, announced it was mission accomplished and that they would withdraw from sports-car racing to put their focus henceforth onto Formula 1. For the event, the ACO had spent over 1 million francs (£125,000). With the withdrawal of the major local manufacturer, drawcard and sole competition, the organisation was very worried about the next year, and the financial losses if the crowds stayed away, disinterested. Official results Finishers Results taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACOSpurring 2011, p.2Spurring 2011, p.272Spurring 2011, p.300 https://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Le_Mans-1978-06-11.html Racing Sports Cars RacingSportsCars.com 2021-07-28 Class winners are in Bold text. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" ! Pos Position ! Class ! No. Car number ! Team ! Drivers ! Chassis ! Engine ! Tyre ! Laps Laps completed |- ! 1 | Gr.6S 3.0 | 2 | FRA Renault Sport | FRA Didier PironiFRA Jean-Pierre Jaussaud | Renault Alpine A442B | Renault 2.0L V6 twin-turbo | Michelin | 369 |- ! 2 | Gr.6S 3.0 | 6 | FRG Martini Racing Porsche System | FRG Jürgen BarthFRA Bob WollekBEL Jacky Ickx | Porsche 936-78 | Porsche 935/73 2.1L F6 twin-turbo | Dunlop | 364 |- ! 3 | Gr.6S 3.0 | 7 | FRG Martini Racing Porsche System | USA Hurley HaywoodUSA Peter GreggFRG Reinhold Joest | Porsche 936-77 | Porsche 911/78 2.1L F6 turbo | Dunlop | 362 |- ! 4 | Gr.6S 3.0 | 4 | FRA Renault Sport /FRA Écurie Calberson | FRA Guy FréquelinFRA Jean RagnottiFRA José DolhemFRA Jean-Pierre Jabouille | Renault Alpine A442A | Renault 2.0L V6 twin-turbo | Michelin | 358 |- ! 5| IMSA GT| 90| USA Dick Barbour Racing| USA Dick BarbourGBR Brian RedmanUSA John Paul Sr. | Porsche 935-77 | Porsche 930/78 3.0L F6 turbo | Goodyear | 337 |- ! 6| Gr.5SP| 44| FRG Porsche Kremer Racing| USA Jim BusbyUSA Chris CordUSA Rick Knoop| Porsche 935-77 | Porsche 930/72 3.0L F6 turbo | Goodyear | 336 |- ! 7 | Gr.5SP | 41 | FRA ASA Cachia /BRA Team Pace | BRA Alfredo GuaranáBRA Paulo GomesBRA Mário Amaral | Porsche 935-77 | Porsche 3.0L F6 turbo | Dunlop | 329 |- ! 8 | Gr.5SP | 43 | FRG Martini Racing Porsche System | FRG Rolf StommelenLIE Manfred Schurti | Porsche 935-78 | Porsche 935/79 3.2L F6 twin-turbo | Dunlop | 326 |- ! 9| GTP| 72| FRA J. Rondeau(private entrant) | FRA Jean RondeauFRA Bernard DarnicheFRA Jacky Haran| Rondeau M378 | Cosworth DFV 3.0L V8 | Goodyear | 294 |- ! 10 | Gr.6S 3.0 | 10 | USA Grand Touring Cars Inc | AUS Vern SchuppanFRA Jacques LaffiteUSA Sam Posey | Mirage M9 | Renault 2.0L V6 turbo | Goodyear | 293 |- ! 11| Gr.6S 2.0| 31| FRA Société Racing Organisation Course La Pierre du Nord| FRA Michel PignardFRA Lucien RoussiaudCHE Laurent Ferrier | Chevron B36 | Simca-ROC 2.0L S4 | Goodyear | 284 |- ! 12| Gr.4GT| 66| FRA A.-C. Verney (private entrant)'' / BP Racing| FRA Anne-Charlotte VerneyFRA Xavier LapeyreFRA François Servanin| Porsche 911 Carrera RSR | Porsche 3.0L F6 | Michelin | 279 |- ! 13 | GTP | 71 | CHE André Chevalley Racing(private entrant) | CHE André ChevalleyCHE François Trisconi | Inaltéra LM77 | Cosworth DFV 3.0L V8 | Goodyear | 279 |- ! 14 | IMSA GTX | 97 | GBR Charles Ivey Racing | AUS Larry PerkinsGBR Gordon SpiceUSA John Rulon-Miller | Porsche 911 Carrera RS | Porsche 3.0L F6 | Goodyear | 278 |- ! 15 | Gr.6S 3.0 | 8 | GBR A. De Cadenet(private entrant) | GBR Alain de CadenetGBR Chris Craft | De Cadenet LM78 | Cosworth DFV 3.0L V8 | Goodyear | 273 |- ! 16 | IMSA GTX | 86 | FRA Écurie Grand Competition CarsUSA North American Racing Team | FRA François Migault FRA Lucien Guitteny | Ferrari 365 GT/4 BB | Ferrari 4.9L F12 | Goodyear | 262 |- ! 17 | Gr.4GT | 62 | FRA "Ségolen"(private entrant) | FRA "Ségolen" (André Gahinet)FRA Christian BussiFRA Jean-Claude Briavoine | Porsche 934 | Porsche 3.0L F6 turbo | Michelin | 259 |- ! N/C* | Gr.6S 2.0 | 23 | CHE P. Sauber AG /CHE Francy Racing | CHE Marc SurerCHE Eugen StrählCHE Harry Blumer | Sauber C5 | BMW-Mader 2.0L S4 | Pirelli | 257 |- ! N/C* | Gr.6S 2.0 | 20 | CHE Cheetah Racing Cars | CHE Sandro PlastinaCHE Mario LuiniFRA Jean-Daniel Grandjean | Cheetah G-601 | Cosworth BDG 2.0L S4 | Goodyear | 250 |- ! N/C* | Gr.4GT | 64 | FRA G. Bourdillat(private entrant) | FRA Georges BourdillatFRA Alain-Michel BernhardFRA Jean-Luc Favresse | Porsche 911 Carrera RSR | Porsche 3.0L F6 | Michelin | 241 |- ! N/C* | Gr.6S 2.0 | 25 | FRA Team Pronuptia | FRA Bruno SottyFRA Gérard CuynetFRA Jean-Claude Dufrey | Lola T294/296 | Cosworth FVC 1.9L S4 | Goodyear | 238 |- ! N/C* | Gr.6S 2.0 | 24 | FRA Team Pronuptia | FRA Michel ElkoubiFRA Pierre YverFRA Philippe Streiff | Lola T296 | Cosworth FVC 1.9L S4 | Goodyear | 232 |- ! N/C* | Gr.6S 2.0 | 28 | FRA D. Lacaud (private entrant) | FRA Dominique LacaudFRA Michel LatesteFRA Jean-François Auboiron | Lola T297 | BMW 2.0L S4 | Goodyear | 217 |- ! N/C* | Gr.5SP | 45 | FRG Porsche Kremer Racing | FRG “John Winter” (Louis Krages)FRG Dieter SchornsteinFRA Philippe Gurdjian | Porsche 935-77 | Porsche 3.0L F6 turbo | Goodyear | 182 |} Note *: Not classified because did not cover sufficient distance (70% of their winner) at the 12, 18 or 24-hour intervals.Spurring 2011, p.8 Did not finish Pos Class No Team Drivers Chassis Engine Tyre Laps Reason DNF Gr.6S 3.0 1 FRA Renault Sport FRA Jean-Pierre JabouilleFRA Patrick Depailler Renault Alpine A443 Renault 2.1L V6 turbo Michelin 279 Gearbox(20hr) DNF Gr.6S 3.0 5 FRG Martini Racing Porsche System BEL Jacky IckxFRA Henri PescaroloFRG Jochen Mass Porsche 936-78 Porsche 935/73 2.1LF6 twin-turbo Dunlop 255 Gearbox(20hr) DNF IMSA GTX 88 FRA Pozzi Thompson JMS Racing FRA Jean-Claude AndruetITA Spartaco Dini Ferrari 512 BB Ferrari 4.9L F12 Michelin 251 Engine(22hr) DNF IMSA GTX 87 USA Luigi Chinetti Sr. FRA Jacques GuérinFRA Jean-Pierre DelaunayUSA Gregg Young Ferrari 512 BB Ferrari 4.9L F12 Goodyear 232 Engine(19hr) DNF IMSA GTX 89 FRA Pozzi Thompson JMS Racing FRA Claude Ballot-LénaFRA Jean-Louis Lafosse Ferrari 512 BB Ferrari 4.9L F12 Michelin 218 Accident(18hr) DNF Gr.6S 3.0 19 GBR IBEC Racing Developments GBR Guy EdwardsGBR Ian Grob GBR Ian Bracey Ibec-Hesketh 308LM Cosworth DFV 3.0L V8 Goodyear 195 Engine(20hr) DNF Gr.6S 2.0 30 FRA Société Racing Organisation Course / La Pierre du Nord FRA Jacques HenryFRA Albert DufrèneMAR Max Cohen-Olivar Chevron B36 Simca-ROC 2.0L S4 Goodyear 195 Gearbox(19hr) DNF GTP 78 FRA WM AEREMTeam Esso Aseptogyl FRA Xavier MathiotFRA Marc SourdFRA Christian Debias WM P78 Peugeot PRV 2.7L V6 turbo Michelin 186 Accident(18hr) DNF Gr.6S 2.0 27 GBR Mogil Motors Ltd / Kores Racing GBR Tony CharnellGBR Robin SmithFRA Fréderic AlliotGBR Richard Jones Chevron B31 Cosworth BDG 2.0L S4 Goodyear 181 Accident(16hr) DNF GTP 76 FRA WM AEREMTeam Esso Aseptogyl FRA Christine DacremontFRA Marianne Hoepfner WM P76 Peugeot PRV 2.9L V6 Michelin 171 Accident(19hr) DNF Gr.4GT 68 FRA H. Poulain(private entrant) FRA Hervé PoulainFRG Edgar DörenFRG Gerhard HolupLUX Roman Feitler Porsche 934 Porsche 3.0L F6 turbo Goodyear 167 Gearbox(17hr) DNF Gr.6S 3.0 3 FRA Renault Sport GBR Derek BellFRA Jean-Pierre Jarier Renault Alpine A442A Renault 2.0L V6 twin-turbo Michelin 162 Gearbox(12hr) DNF IMSA GTX 91 USA Dick Barbour Racing USA Bob GarretsonUSA Steve EarleUSA Bob Akin Porsche 935-77 Porsche 3.0L F6 turbo Goodyear 159 Accident(15hr) DNF Gr.6S 2.0 29 FRA Société Racing Organisation Course / Modylook FRA Michel DuboisFRA Daniel GacheFRA Julien Sanchez Chevron B36 Simca-ROC 2.0L S4 Goodyear 142 Chassis(15hr) DNF Gr.5SP 48 CHE Mecarillos-Cégécol Racing Team CHE Herbert MüllerCHE Claude HaldiCHE "Nico" (Nick McGranger) Porsche 935 Porsche 3.0L F6 turbo Goodyear 140 Accident(14hr) DNF Gr.6S 2.0 26 CHE GVEA CHE Georges MorandFRA Eric VaugnatCHE Christian Blanc Lola T296 Cosworth BDG 2.0L S4 Goodyear 130 Accident(13hr) DNF Gr.6S 2.0 21 FRA J.-M. Lemerle(private entrant) FRA Jean-Marie LemerleFRA Alain LeviéFRA Pierre-François Rousselot Lola T294 Simca-ROC 2.0L S4 Goodyear 126 Engine(13hr) DNF Gr.4GT 65 FRA J. Laplacette(private entrant) FRA Joël LaplacetteFRA Yves CourageCHE Antoine SalaminCHE Gérard Vial Porsche 911 Turbo (930) Porsche 3.3L F6 turbo Michelin 116 Engine(12hr) DNF Gr.6S 2.0 34 GBR BMW (GB) RacingGBR Toleman Delivery AUT Dieter QuesterGBR Tom WalkinshawZAF 1928 Rad Dougall Osella PA6 BMW M12 2.0L S4 Pirelli 113 Accident(10hr) DSQ Gr.6S 3.0 12 GBR Simon Phillips Racing(private entrant) GBR Simon PhillipsGBR Nick FaureUSA John BeasleyGBR Martin Raymond De Cadenet-Lola T380 Cosworth DFV 3.0L V8 Goodyear 99 Insufficientdistance(13hr) DNF Gr.6S 2.0 32 GBR Dorset Racing Associates GBR Ian HarrowerGBR Juliette SlaughterGBR Brian Joscelyne Lola T294 Cosworth FVC 2.0L S4 Goodyear 61 Accident(13hr) DNF Gr.4GT 61 FRA Auto Daniel Urcun(private entrant) FRA Guy ChasseuilFRA Jean-Claude Lefévre Porsche 934 Porsche 3.0L F6 turbo Dunlop 61 Gearbox(7hr) DNF GTP 77 FRA WM AEREMTeam Esso Aseptogyl FRA Jean-Daniel RauletFRA Max Mamers WM P77 Peugeot PRV 2.7L V6 turbo Michelin 44 Fuel pump(7hr) DNF Gr.5SP 1 1 94 USA Whittington Bros. Racing USA Don WhittingtonUSA Bill WhittingtonAUT Franz Konrad Porsche 935-77 Porsche 3.0L F6 turbo Goodyear 41 Accident(9hr) DNF IMSA GTX 85 BEL "Beurlys"(private entrant) BEL "Beurlys" (Jean Blaton)BEL Teddy PiletteFRA Raymond Touroul Ferrari 512 BB Ferrari 4.9L F12 Michelin 39 Gearbox(5hr) DNF Gr.4GT 69 FRA Frères Ravenel VSD(private entrant) BEL Willy BraillardFRA Jean-Louis RavenelFRA Jean "Jacky" Ravenel Porsche 934 Porsche 3.0L F6 turbo Dunlop 35 Engine(8hr) DNF Gr.5SP 46 FRG Porsche Kremer Racing GBR Martin RaymondBEL "Steve" (Jean-Pierre Wielemans)GBR Mike Franey Porsche 935-77 Porsche 3.0L F6 turbo Goodyear 34 Engine(4hr) DNF Gr.6S 3.0 11 USA Grand Touring Cars USA Sam PoseyFRA Michel Leclère Mirage M9 Renault 2.0L V6 turbo Goodyear 33 Engine(7hr) DNF IMSA GTX 84 USA Brad Frisselle RacingBEL Wynn's Belgium USA Brad FrisselleUSA Bob KirbyUSA John Hotchkis Chevrolet Monza Chevrolet 5.7L V8 Goodyear 30 Engine(5hr) DSQ Gr.6S 2.0 33 GBR Cloud EngineeringGBR Dorset Racing Associates GBR Bob EvansGBR Richard Down Lola T294 Cosworth FVC 2.0L S4 Goodyear 23 Insufficientdistance(4hr) DNF Gr.5SP 47 FRG Weisberg Gelo Team GBR John FitzpatrickNLD Toine Hezemans Porsche 935-77 Porsche 3.0L F6 turbo Goodyear 19 Engine(4hr)Notes:''' 1 1—The No. 94 Whittington Brothers Porsche was entered and numbered in the IMSA-class but sources then show its results being in the Group 5 class Spurring 2011, p.272 Did not start Pos Class No Team Drivers Chassis Engine Tyre Reason DNQ Gr.6S 3.0 9 GBR A. de Cadenet(private entrant) GBR Bob EvansGBR John CooperGBR Pete Lovett De Cadenet-Lola LM77 Cosworth DFV 3.0L V8 Goodyear Did not qualify DNQ Gr.6S 3.0 14 FRG BP Racing(private entrant) FRG Jörg ObermoserFRA Guy Chasseuil FRA Hubert Striebig ToJ SC303 Cosworth DFV 3.0L V8 Dunlop Did not qualify DNQ Gr.6S 2.0 22 FRA L'Agence Locomotiv(private entrant) ITA Anna CambiaghiFRA Jean-Claude Guérie FRA Martine Rénier Lola T296/297 Simca-ROC 2.0L S4 Goodyear Did not qualify DNQ Gr.5SP 40 FRG AMG Motorenbau GmbH FRG Hans Heyer FRG Clemens Schickentanz Mercedes-Benz 450 SLC Mercedes-Benz 4.5L V8 Goodyear Did not qualify DNQ Gr.4GT 60 CHE Mecarillos Racing Team FRA Gérard BleynieFRA Roland EnnequinGBR Simon Delatour Porsche 934 Porsche 3.0L F6 turbo Michelin Did not qualify DSQ Gr.4GT 63 FRA C. Gouttepifre(private entrant) FRA Christian GouttepifreFRA René Boubet FRA Raymond Touroul Porsche 911 Carrera RS Porsche 3.0L F6 Michelin Illegal engine http://www.wsrp.cz/nonchamp1978.html#9 World Sports Cars World Sports Racing Prototypes.com 2021-07-28 DNQ Gr.4GT 73 FRA B. Decure(private entrant) FRA Marcel MignotFRA Guy de Saintpierre Alpine A310 Renault PRV 2.7L V6 Michelin Did not qualify DNQ IMSA GT 96 FRA Garage du Bac (private entrant) FRA Alain Cudini BEL Pierre DieudonnéFRA "Dépnic" (Jean-Claude Depince) BMW 3.5 CSL BMW M30 3.5L S6 Dunlop Did not qualify DNQ IMSA GT 98 FRA T. Perrier (private entrant) FRA Thierry Perrier FRA Joël MouetronFRA Jean Belliard Porsche 911 Carrera RS Porsche 3.0L F6 Dunlop Did not qualify DNA Gr.5SP 42 FRG Konrad Racing AUT Franz KonradFRG Volkert Merl Porsche 935-77 Porsche 3.0L F6 turbo Did not arrive DNA Gr.5SP 50 http://www.wsrp.cz/nonchamp1978.html#9 World Sports Cars World Sports Racing Prototypes.com 2021-07-28 GBR Morfe Racing with Polaroof GBR Richard JenveyGBR John Morrison Lotus Esprit S1 Lotus 907 2.0L S4 Did not arrive DNA GTP 70 GBR R. Hamilton(private entrant) GBR Robin HamiltonGBR David Preece Aston Martin DBS Aston Martin 5.3L V8 turbo Did not arrive DNA IMSA GT 92 FRA Holly Cars LSA Porsche 934 Porsche 3.0L F6 turbo Did not arrive Class winners Class Winning car Winning drivers Group 6 S Sports 3-litre #2 Renault Alpine A442B Pironi / Jean-Pierre Jaussaud * Group 6 S Sports 2-litre #31 Chevron B36 Pignard / Roussiaud / Ferrier Group 5 SP Special Production #44 Porsche 935-77 Busby / Cord / Knoop * Group 4 GTS Special GT #66 Porsche 911 Carrera RSR Verney / Lapeyre / Servanin GTP Le Mans GT Prototype #72 Rondeau M378 Rondeau / Darniche / Haran IMSA GTXGT Experimental #90 Porsche 935-77 Barbour / Redman / Paul Snr. * Note: setting a new class distance record. Index of Energy Efficiency Pos Class No Team Drivers Chassis Score 1 Gr.6S 3.0 6 FRG Martini Racing Porsche System FRG Jürgen BarthFRA Bob WollekBEL Jacky Ickx Porsche 936-78 0.98 2 Gr.6S 3.0 7 FRG Martini Racing Porsche System USA Hurley HaywoodUSA Peter GreggFRG Reinhold Joest Porsche 936-77 0.96 3 Gr.6S 3.0 8 GBR A. De Cadenet(private entrant) GBR Alain de CadenetGBR Chris Craft De Cadenet LM78 0.91 4 Gr.6S 3.0 2 FRA Renault Sport FRA Didier PironiFRA Jean-Pierre Jaussaud Renault Alpine A442B 0.91 5 Gr.6S 3.0 4 FRA Renault Sport /FRA Écurie Calberson FRA Guy FréquelinFRA Jean RagnottiFRA José DolhemFRA Jean-Pierre Jabouille Renault Alpine A442A 0.85 6 Gr.6S 2.0 31 FRA Société Racing Organisation Course La Pierre du Nord FRA Michel PignardFRA Lucien RoussiaudCHE Laurent Ferrier Chevron B36 0.81 7 GTP 72 FRA J. Rondeau(private entrant) FRA Jean RondeauFRA Bernard DarnicheFRA Jacky Haran Rondeau M378 0.77 8 GTP 71 CHE André Chevalley Racing(private entrant) CHE André ChevalleyCHE François Trisconi Inaltéra LM77 0.65 9 Gr.4GT 66 FRA A.-C. Verney (private entrant) / BP Racing FRA Anne-Charlotte VerneyFRA Xavier LapeyreFRA François Servanin Porsche 911 Carrera RSR 0.65 10 IMSA GTX 97 GBR Charles Ivey Racing AUS Larry PerkinsGBR Gordon SpiceUSA John Rulon-Miller Porsche 911 Carrera RS 0.61 Note: Only the top ten positions are included in this set of standings.Spurring 2011, p.9 Statistics Taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO Fastest lap in practice –J. Ickx, #6 Porsche 936-78– 3:27.6secs; 236.53 km/h on Fastest lap –J.-P. Jabouille, #1 Renault Alpine A443 – 3:34.2secs; 229.24 km/h on Winning distance – 5044.53 km on Winner's average speed – 210.21 km/h on Attendance – 150,000 http://www.wsrp.cz/nonchamp1978.html#9 World Sports Cars World Sports Racing Prototypes.com 2021-07-28 http://lemans-history.com/provas.php?ano=1978 Le Mans History Le Mans History.com 2021-07-28 Citations 30em References Clarke, R.M. - editor (1997) Le Mans 'The Porsche Years 1975–1982' Cobham, Surrey: Brooklands Books 1-85520-387-1 Clausager, Anders (1982) Le Mans London: Arthur Barker Ltd 0-213-16846-4 Armstrong, Doug – editor (1978) Automobile Year #26 1978/79 Edita SA 2-88001-067-5 Laban, Brian (2001) Le Mans 24 Hours London: Virgin Books 1-85227-971-0 Spurring, Quentin (2011) Le Mans 1970–79 Yeovil, Somerset: Haynes Publishing 978-1-84425-539-9 Wimpffen, János (2007) Spyders and Silhouettes Hong Kong: David Bull Publishing 1-893618-83-8 External links Racing Sports Cars – Le Mans 24 Hours 1978 entries, results, technical detail. Retrieved 28 Jul 2021 Le Mans History – Le Mans History, hour-by-hour (incl. pictures, quotes, YouTube links). Retrieved 28 Jul 2021 World Sports Racing Prototypes – results, reserve entries & chassis numbers. Retrieved 28 Jul 2021 Team Dan – results & reserve entries, explaining driver listings. Retrieved 28 Jul 2021 Unique Cars & Parts – results & reserve entries. Retrieved 28 Jul 2021 Formula 2 – Le Mans results & reserve entries. Retrieved 28 Jul 2021 Motorsport Memorial – details of the year’s fatal accidents. Retrieved 28 Jul 2021 YouTube – Colour footage of the race and historic race, in French (20mins). Retrieved 18 Aug 2021 YouTube – Colour footage of the build-up and racing, in French (20mins). Retrieved 18 Aug 2021 YouTube – A lap of Montlhery in the Renault Alpine A442B by Jean Ragnotti (2mins). Retrieved 18 Aug 2021 Category:24 Hours of Le Mans races Le Mans Category:1978 in French motorsport