1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election

Elections April 2018 April 2018 1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election Jammu and Kashmir (state) parliamentary 1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election 1972 9 July 1977 1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election 1983 all 76 seats in Legislative Assembly 39 67.2% Sheikh Abdullah 1988 stamp of India.jpg Sheikh Abdullah Jammu & Kashmir National Conference - 47 47 Cow_and_Calf_INC.svg 120 100 120 10 0 INC (R) 58 11 46 JP Janata Party - 13 13 Jamaat-e-Islami 1 4 Chief Minister Sheikh Abdullah Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Sheikh Abdullah Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Elections for the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir were held over June 1977,1977 J&K elections which are generally regarded as the first 'free and fair' elections in the state.Guha, India after Gandhi 2008 Section 23.III Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, newly revived from the former Plebiscite Front, won an overwhelming majority and re-elected Sheikh Abdullah as the Chief Minister.Statistical report J&K 1977 The Janata Party won 13 seats and emerged as the second largest party. Background After reaching the 1974 Indira-Sheikh accord, Sheikh Abdullah was elected as the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir by the ruling Indian National Congress party in the state legislature (which had in fact been the original National Conference founded by Abdullah in 1930s but merged into Congress before the 1967 elections). Abdullah remained in power during the National Emergency imposed by Indira Gandhi in 1975. After the Emergency was lifted, the Janata Party came to power in the Centre in the 1977 general election.Guha, India after Gandhi 2008 Chapter 23 Elections were called for the state Legislative Assembly in June 1977. Sheikh Abdullah now revived the National Conference from the erstwhile Plebiscite Front. The National Conference and Congress met head-on as equals, the first time such an electoral contest occurred since the State's Accession in 1947. The Prime Minister Morarji Desai (of the Janata Party) took steps to strengthen security in the state and declared that any rigging would be severely punished. This had a 'salutary effect' in the political atmosphere in the state witnessing its first 'free and fair' election.Widmalm, The Rise and Fall of Democracy in Jammu and Kashmir 1997 1006–1007; Widmalm, Kashmir in Comparative Perspective 2002 57–58 The revival of the National Conference was greeted with great enthusiasm in the Kashmir Valley. In the words of Kashmiri, "the entire valley was red with N. C. flags. Every house and every market stood decorated with bunting."Guha, India after Gandhi 2008 Section 23.III Results The National Conference won the majority in the Assembly with 47 of the 76 seats.Widmalm, The Rise and Fall of Democracy in Jammu and Kashmir 1997 1007 Whereas it won 40 of the 42 seats in the Kashmir Valley, it was able to win only 7 seats out of 32 in the Jammu province.Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003 89-90 The Indian National Congress (former National Conference, which had been in power since the State's accession) was reduced to third place, winning 11 seats in Jammu and none in the Valley.Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003 89-90 The Janata Party (which had incorporated the former Jammu Praja Parishad) won 13 seats, its best performance so far. In addition to 11 seats in Jammu, it won 2 seats in the Valley for the first time.Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003 89-90 Also significant is the fact that Jamaat-e-Islami won only one seat, down from 5 seats in the previous Assembly.Widmalm, The Rise and Fall of Democracy in Jammu and Kashmir 1997 1007 File:India Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly 1977.svg Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 807166 47 0 Janata Party 414259 13 New Indian National Congress (R) 294911 11 47 Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir 62654 1 4 Others 1903 0 0 Independents 165477 4 1 1 57734 2684992 ECIhttps://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3791-jammu-kashmir-1977/ Jammu & Kashmir 1977 Election Commission of India 22 June 2022 Results by constituency + Winner, runner-up, voter turnout, and victory margin in every constituencyElection Commission of India Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf 17 January 2012 15 February 2024 pdfAssembly ConstituencyTurnout WinnerRunner UpMargin #k Names% Candidate Party Votes% Candidate Party Votes%1Karnah67.94%Ghulam Qadir MirJammu & Kashmir National Conference12,35746.31%Mohammed Yunis KhanIndian National Congress7,64128.64%4,7162Handwara83.41%Abdul Ghani LoneJanata Party17,02151.78%Sharif Ud DinJammu & Kashmir National Conference14,70244.73%2,3193Langate74.63%Mohammad Sultan GanaiJammu & Kashmir National Conference11,97650.04%Abdul Gani MirIndependent politician3,65715.28%8,3194Kupwara62.7%Assad Ullah ShahJammu & Kashmir National Conference13,78056.41%Ghulam NabiJanata Party4,83419.79%8,9465Bandipora68.45%Mohammad Khalil NaikJammu & Kashmir National Conference18,03270.94%Mohammed Anwar KhanIndian National Congress2,2999.04%15,7336Sonawari84.98%Abdul Aziz ParrayJammu & Kashmir National Conference21,07467.99%Mohammad Akbar LoneJanata Party9,92332.01%11,1517Pattan87.37%Abdul Rashid ShaheenJammu & Kashmir National Conference15,73853.99%Iftikhar Hussain AnsariJanata Party12,73443.69%3,0048Gulmarg40.85%Mohmad Akbar LoneJammu & Kashmir National Conference15,70078.59%Mirza Ghulam Ahmad BegJanata Party2,33411.68%13,3669Sangrama73.88%Ghulam RasoolJammu & Kashmir National Conference13,60970.69%Sharif Ud DinJanata Party2,10610.94%11,50310Sopore85.9%Syed Ali Shah GeelaniJamaat-e-Islami16,71749.14%Hakeem HabibullahJammu & Kashmir National Conference16,68449.04%3311Rafiabad72.21%Mohammad Dilawar MirJammu & Kashmir National Conference14,69668.52%Ghulam Rasool KarIndian National Congress3,51716.4%11,17912Baramulla66.78%Ghulam Ud-Din ShahJammu & Kashmir National Conference11,50955.64%Ghulam Meha SafiJamaat-e-Islami4,47221.62%7,03713Uri68.17%Mohammad ShafiJammu & Kashmir National Conference11,92165.56%Mohammed Mazaffar KhanIndian National Congress3,30918.2%8,61214Kangan76.12%Mian Bashir AhmedJammu & Kashmir National Conference20,80887.07%Mohammed AfziJanata Party3,09012.93%17,71815Ganderbal87.27%Sheikh AbdullahJammu & Kashmir National Conference26,16288.17%Ali Mohamd TariaIndependent politician3,50911.83%22,65316Hazratbal82.59%Hissa Ud DinJammu & Kashmir National Conference23,03280.74%Mohammed IliyasJanata Party5,08117.81%17,95117Amira Kadal74.54%Ghulam Mohi-Ud-Din ShohJammu & Kashmir National Conference14,51557.74%Ghulam Mohi-Ud-Din WaniJanata Party10,34041.13%4,17518Habba Kadal70.62%Ghulam Mohammed ButtJammu & Kashmir National Conference16,35647.53%Jag MohiniJanata Party14,08440.92%2,27219Zaina Kadal85.39%Molvi Mohammed Yasin HamdaniJammu & Kashmir National Conference23,41461.79%Sheikh Ali MohammadJanata Party14,47638.21%8,93820Eidgah80.77%Abdul Rashid KabuliJanata Party18,25552.83%Ghulam Rasool RashiJammu & Kashmir National Conference16,29847.17%1,95721Zadibal81.71%Ghulam Ahmad ShunthooJammu & Kashmir National Conference23,40151.55%Salin Anwar DharJanata Party21,52247.41%1,87922Nagin78.58%Abdul Samad TeliJammu & Kashmir National Conference13,85661.51%Ghulam Mohmad BawanJanata Party8,39737.28%5,45923Beerwah72.91%Ahmad SaeedJammu & Kashmir National Conference14,91860.73%Syed Ali ShahJanata Party7,73731.5%7,18124Khan Sahib66.42%Hakeem Mohammad Yaseen ShahJammu & Kashmir National Conference15,64773.94%Ghulam Qadir WarJanata Party3,81418.02%11,83325Budgam84.54%Syed Ghulam Hussain GeelaniJammu & Kashmir National Conference14,32449.83%Aga Sayeed HassanJanata Party11,79941.05%2,52526Chadoora77.67%Abdul Samad MirJammu & Kashmir National Conference13,10364.86%Mir MustafaIndian National Congress4,69923.26%8,40427Charari Sharief71.84%Abdul Rahim RatherJammu & Kashmir National Conference14,76671.96%Abdul QayoomIndian National Congress4,76423.22%10,00228Pulwama73.27%Mohammad Ibrahim DarJammu & Kashmir National Conference18,71272.58%Abdul Kashid WaniJamaat-e-Islami2,5379.84%16,17529Pampore83.36%Mohiuddin MalikJammu & Kashmir National Conference22,87782.11%Peer Ghulam Hassan MasoodiJanata Party2,4098.65%20,46830Tral84.72%Mohammed Subhan BhatJammu & Kashmir National Conference13,31546.05%Ali Muhammad NaikIndependent politician11,85941.02%1,45631Wachi78.31%Ghulam Qadir WaniJammu & Kashmir National Conference16,69067.04%Bashir Ahmed MagreyIndian National Congress3,17212.74%13,51832Shopian73.06%Sheikh Mohammad MansoorJammu & Kashmir National Conference15,13359.34%Hakim Ghulam NabiJamaat-e-Islami4,76318.68%10,37033Noorabad71.74%Wali Mohammad ItooJammu & Kashmir National Conference12,40758.76%Abdul Aziz ZargarIndian National Congress5,58926.47%6,81834Devsar79.38%Ghulam Nabi KochakJammu & Kashmir National Conference14,92159.95%Manohar Nath KaulIndian National Congress4,62318.58%10,29835Kulgam74.92%Ghulam Nabi DarJammu & Kashmir National Conference8,83342.63%Abdul Razak MirJamaat-e-Islami6,40330.91%2,43036Hom Shali Bugh81.79%Abdul Salam DevaJammu & Kashmir National Conference12,95956.77%Ali Mohammed DarJamaat-e-Islami5,89725.83%7,06237Pahalgam77.13%Piyare Lal HandooJammu & Kashmir National Conference14,76468.78%Ghulam Rasool KochahJanata Party4,28319.95%10,48138Srigufwara–Bijbehara84.62%Abdul Gani ShahJammu & Kashmir National Conference16,05963.92%Mufti Mohammed SayeedIndian National Congress8,08132.16%7,97839Anantnag88.35%Mirza Mohammed Afzal BegJammu & Kashmir National Conference15,89363.13%Sheikh Abdul MajidJanata Party9,28336.87%6,61040Shangus–Anantnag East77.62%Mohammed Ashraf KhanJammu & Kashmir National Conference15,56870.21%Mohammed MaqboolIndian National Congress4,16218.77%11,40641Kokernag74.91%Malik Ghulam Ud DinJammu & Kashmir National Conference14,85465.52%Peer Hissam Ud DinIndian National Congress5,33923.55%9,51542Dooru74.25%Haji Abdul Gani KhanJammu & Kashmir National Conference10,81751.44%Sneer Aki BodaIndian National Congress5,47226.02%5,34543Leh64.79%Sonam NarbooIndian National Congress11,73661.17%Soham GyaltsanJanata Party7,45038.83%4,28644Kargil72.87%Munshi HabibullahJammu & Kashmir National Conference13,54954.42%Kachoo Mohammed Ali KhanIndian National Congress11,02144.27%2,52845Kishtwar51.1%Bashir Ahmed KichlooJammu & Kashmir National Conference3,91027.15%Ghulam Hussain ArmanJanata Party3,38523.51%52546Inderwal37.1%Sheikh Ghulam Mohammed Jammu & Kashmir National Conference5,29644.38%Abdul Ghani GoniJanata Party2,53021.2%2,76647Bhaderwah36.34%Narain DassJanata Party4,53540.96%Thakur DassJammu & Kashmir National Conference3,74533.82%79048Doda48.42%Ghulam Qadir WaniJanata Party5,34239.02%Attaullah SohrawardiJammu & Kashmir National Conference4,38432.02%95849Ramban45.72%Prem NathJammu & Kashmir National Conference3,47228.64%Labhu RamIndependent politician3,03525.03%43750Banihal52.67%Molvi Abdul RashidJammu & Kashmir National Conference7,46051.83%Modh. Akthar NizamiIndian National Congress3,29022.86%4,17051Gulabgarh47.6%Haji Buland KhanJammu & Kashmir National Conference8,72358.15%Mohammed Ayub KhanIndian National Congress3,20321.35%5,52052Reasi54.7%Rishi Kumar KaushalJanata Party9,93152.84%Raghunath DasJammu & Kashmir National Conference2,69914.36%7,23253Udhampur53.2%Shiv Charan GuptaIndependent politician9,36344.14%Faqir ChandIndian National Congress8,76341.31%60054Chenani44.98%Bhim SinghIndian National Congress7,67452.43%Ishar DassJanata Party4,00527.36%3,66955Ramnagar38.08%Prithvi ChandJanata Party7,30053.19%Ram DassIndian National Congress4,07129.66%3,22956Samba62.22%Dhayan SinghIndependent politician6,34925.61%Harbans SinghIndian National Congress4,72819.07%1,62157Bari Brahmana59.58%Gurnbachan KumariJanata Party8,12439.21%Gouri ShankarIndian National Congress7,52136.3%60358Bishnah62.31%Parma NandIndian National Congress9,44143.17%Ram ChandJanata Party7,35733.64%2,08459Ranbir Singh Pora–Jammu South74.38%Janak Raj GuptaIndian National Congress12,60348.46%Rangil SinghJanata Party7,16627.55%5,43760Jammu Cantonment55.35%Parduman SinghIndian National Congress5,60028.6%Ved BhasinJanata Party5,42627.71%17461Jammu West53.73%Harbans Lal BhagotraJanata Party10,95654.76%Romesh ChanderIndian National Congress7,59937.98%3,35762Jammu East52.99%Ram Nath BhalgotraJanata Party13,17961.78%Amrit Kumar MalhotraIndian National Congress5,14124.1%8,03863Jandrah Gharota61.07%Dhan Raj BargotraJanata Party8,55038.08%Ranjit SinghIndian National Congress6,11227.22%2,43864Marh54.6%Tulsi RamJanata Party5,52732.96%Sushil KumarIndian National Congress4,55327.15%97465Akhnoor70.63%Dharam PalIndian National Congress8,63537.67%Govind Ram SharmaIndependent politician4,51719.7%4,11866Chhamb74.39%Ram NathIndependent politician9,35238.52%Dewan SinghIndian National Congress4,10616.91%5,24667Basohli45.32%Mangat Ram SharmaIndian National Congress4,82929.96%Uttam ChandIndependent politician3,88524.1%94468Billawar54.25%Dhian SinghJanata Party12,32857.57%Thakur Randhir SinghIndian National Congress6,25829.23%6,07069Kathua60.96%Dhain ChandJanata Party10,02244.9%Punjabu Ram Alias Punjab SinghIndian National Congress9,02340.43%99970Hiranagar69.54%Girdhari Lal DograIndian National Congress13,62350.39%Rattan LalJanata Party9,91236.66%3,71171Nowshera60.01%Beli RamIndian National Congress7,83230.89%Rattan SinghIndependent politician7,41629.25%41672Darhal46.9%Chowdhary Mohmmad HussainJammu & Kashmir National Conference11,43357.94%Abdul Rashid MirzaIndian National Congress4,71723.91%6,71673Rajouri59.62%Talib HussainIndian National Congress9,39039.98%Mohammed SharifJammu & Kashmir National Conference7,36531.36%2,02574Surankote68.84%Aslam Chowdhary MohammadIndian National Congress11,60852.37%Mohammed Syed BegJammu & Kashmir National Conference9,34642.16%2,26275Mendhar65.23%Rafiq Hissain KhanIndependent politician6,55630.96%Mohammed SadiqJammu & Kashmir National Conference6,47930.59%7776Haveli48.26%Ghulam AhmedJammu & Kashmir National Conference8,91551.31%Lal Hussain MustaqJanata Party4,61626.57%4,299 Government formation Sheikh Abdullah was sworn in as the Chief Minister of the State following the election. Mirza Afzal Beg was sworn in as the Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir . By the end of the 1970s, the seventy-year-old Sheikh Abdullah anointed his son Farooq Abdullah as his successor. Following Sheikh's death in 1982, Farooq Abdullah was appointed as the Chief Minister. The National Conference government completed a full five-year term.Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003 90 Before his death, Sheikh Abdullah initiated a controversial 'Grant of Permit for Resettlement' bill in the State's Legislative Assembly. As per the bill, any state subject of Jammu and Kashmir before 14 May 1954 or any of his descendants could apply for resettlement in the State provided they swore allegiance to both the Indian Constitution and the Constitution of the State. The bill was passed by the Legislative Assembly after Sheikh's death, but it aroused fears among the Hindus of Jammu that Pakistani sympathizers and agents could cross into the State and create tensions. The Central government forced Farooq Abdullah to refer the bill to the Supreme Court of India where it has been put into cold storage.Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003 129–130 Commentary All the elections held in Jammu and Kashmir before 1977 were plagued with corrupt electoral practices.Widmalm, Kashmir in Comparative Perspective 2002 57 The elections of 1977 represented a 'democratic breakthrough', according to scholar Steve Widmalm. Politician Bhim Singh stated, 'Morarji Desai openly declared that anyone who would attempt to pursue some form of rigging would be severely punished, and this was quite effective'. The Congress party in the Central Government has therefore been regarded as an obstacle to the State's democratic functioning. The party regarded Jammu and Kashmir to be a sensitive border state, which was not 'ready for democracy'. Building Indian nationalism was considered far more important. Activist Balraj Puri has disagreed with the sentiment. In his view, democratic functioning was indeed a prerequisite to integration and national unity. As a result of the democratization process, he has asserted that there were ten years of peace with 'no fundamentalism, no secessionism, and no communalism'. JKLF's Amanullah Khan has also endorsed the assessment. The observers he sent to the Kashmir Valley during the early 1980s reported that the situation was not conducive to inciting a rebellion.Widmalm, Kashmir in Comparative Perspective 2002 57–61 Journalist Tavleen Singh who covered the subsequent Assembly election in 1983 asked people wherever she went whether they regarded the plebiscite as an issue. 'Almost everywhere the answer was an emphatic no. People said that the past was dead and they were participating in this election as Indians,' she recounted.Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003 131 References 30em Bibliography Sumantra Bose Sumantra Bose Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace Harvard University Press 2003 0-674-01173-2 https://books.google.com/books?id=3ACMe9WBdNAC Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003 Ramachandra Guha Ramachandra Guha India after Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy Pan Macmillan 2008 978-0330396110 https://books.google.com/books?id=29lXtwoeA44C Guha, India after Gandhi 2008 Schofield Victoria Victoria Schofield Kashmir in Conflict I. B. Taurus & Co London and New York 2003 First published in 2000 1860648983 https://books.google.com/books?id=rkTetMfI6QkC Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003 Sten Widmalm The Rise and Fall of Democracy in Jammu and Kashmir Asian Survey 37 11 November 1997 1005–1030 2645738 Widmalm, The Rise and Fall of Democracy in Jammu and Kashmir 1997 10.2307/2645738 Widmalm Sten Kashmir in Comparative Perspective: Democracy and Violent Separatism in India https://books.google.com/books?id=eOnwrHsyXDQC 2002 Psychology Press 978-0-7007-1578-7 Widmalm, Kashmir in Comparative Perspective 2002 Jammu and Kashmir 1977 1977