1989 Chadian constitutional referendum

none A constitutional referendum was held in Chad on 10 December 1989. The new constitution made the country a one-party state with the National Union for Independence and Revolution as the sole legal party, as well as confirming Hissène Habré, who had come to power in a 1982 coup, as president. It also provided for a presidential republic with a unicameral National Assembly. It was passed by 99.9% of voters, with a turnout of 93%.Nohlen Dieter Krennerich Michael Thibaut Bernhard Elections in Africa: a data handbook 1999 Oxford University Press 0-19-829645-2225-231Chad: Authoritarian regimes, elections and coups (1962-1996) http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/chaoneparty.htm Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of Democracy in Africa https://web.archive.org/web/20100902225435/http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/chaoneparty.htm 2 September 2010 en deadElections in Chad http://africanelections.tripod.com/td.html African Elections Database https://web.archive.org/web/20060613064944/http://africanelections.tripod.com/td.html 13 June 2006 dead Background Chad had endured a mostly unstable government since its independence in 1960 into the 1980s, including prolonged periods of civil war. In 1982, Hissène Habré gained control of the government and instituted a somewhat stable but authoritarian dictatorship, backed by the United States and France. Beginning in 1988, Habré began to allow slivers of democracy into the government, with regional congresses and a constitutional committee being held.Brody Reed Enabling a Dictator: The United States and Chad’s Hissène Habré 1982-1990 https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/06/28/enabling-dictator/united-states-and-chads-hissene-habre-1982-1990 Human Rights Watch 26 April 2026 en 28 June 2016May R. Massey S. The Chadian Party System: Rhetoric and Reality Democratization September 2002 9 3 72–91 10.1080/714000269 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714000269 26 April 202674-76 The constitution created a single-party state under Habré's National Union for Independence and Revolution party. The proposed constitution created the National Assembly, though it gave the Assembly no meaningful authority. Elections were held in 1990 to fill the new Assembly.Polity5 Regime Narratives: Chad 2018 Center for Systemic Peace https://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/P5Chad2018.pdf 27 April 2026 The referendum also counted as a presidential election, and Habré was elected to a seven-year term.Joffe George Turmoil in Chad Current History 1990 89 546 157–177 https://www.jstor.org/stable/45316363 45316363 27 April 2026 0011-3530157 The constitution of 1989 would be short-lived, however. In December 1990, six months after the election, the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS) under Idriss Déby would successfully overthrow Habré's government. The MPS suspended the constitution and Assembly upon gaining power, promising an eventual multiparty democracy. After a slow democratization process, a new constitution was finally approved by a referendum in 1996.223-22475-79 Results 2687352 1485 2997 2894825 231 Official results gave a total number of valid votes as 2,690,285, 1,448 more than the total of for and against votes.231 References Chad Constitutional referendum Category:Referendums in Chad Category:Constitutional referendums Chad