1948 Bermuda–Newfoundland hurricane

Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1948 Hurricane Six (Dog) Bermuda–Newfoundland hurricane, Hurricane Six (Dog) weather map, September 13, 1948.jpg Surface Weather map of the hurricane at peak intensity just south of Bermuda on September 13 September 4, 1948 September 15, 1948 September 16, 1948 115 940 ≥ 1948 8 total 400000 Bermuda, Newfoundland 1948 Atlantic hurricane season The 1948 Bermuda–Newfoundland hurricane (Air Weather Service designation: Dog)Report on the 1948-49 Post-Analysis Program of the Air Force Hurricane Office United States Air Weather Service Washington, D.C. 1949 Air Weather Service Technical Report was an intense and long-lived Cape Verde tropical cyclone that caused significant damage in Bermuda and areas of Newfoundland in September 1948. The storm was the eighth named storm and third hurricane of the annual hurricane season. Originating as a tropical wave off the coast of Africa on September 4, the cyclone tracked a general westward path for much of its initial stages as it gradually intensified, reaching tropical storm intensity shortly after development and then hurricane intensity a day later. After reaching a longitude roughly equal to that of the Lesser Antilles, the hurricane began to curve northward on a parabolic track, bringing it near Bermuda at peak intensity as a Category 4 hurricane on September 13. Afterwards, the hurricane began to accelerate northeastwards and weaken. The waning tropical cyclone grazed Cape Race before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone on September 15; these remnants persisted for an additional day. Despite never making landfall, the tropical cyclone disrupted numerous shipping lanes and inflicted damage on Bermuda and Newfoundland. In the former, the hurricane brought winds in excess of 100 mph km/h on, downing power lines and felled trees. Property damage also resulted from the strong winds. Overall damage on the island totaled $400,000.All damage totals are in 1948 United States dollars. "nb" After passing west of Bermuda, the tropical cyclone tracked across numerous shipping lanes. Two ships, the Leicester and Gaspar, encountered the hurricane and became stricken in open waters. Though most people were rescued from both ships, six people perished on the former while one died on the latter. Beginning on September 15, the hurricane tracked east of Newfoundland, producing heavy rainfall on land. The precipitation flooded roads and caused streams to overflow, inundating additional areas. On the island, two people were killed. Overall, the hurricane caused eight fatalities. Meteorological history AL06 1948 path.png new On September 3, the tropical wave from which the resulting hurricane would develop from was detected just off the coast of western Africa near Dakar. This marked the second consecutive year in which a tropical cyclone could be traced back as far east as Africa.United States Weather Bureau North Atlantic Hurricanes And Tropical Disturbances Of 1948 Monthly Weather Review December 1948 76 12 278, 280 10.1175/1520-0493(1948)076<0277:NAHATD>2.0.CO;2 http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/076/mwr-076-12-0277.pdf 17 August 2013 Sumner, H.C. American Meteorological Society Washington, D.C. 1948MWRv...76..277S free In HURDAT – the official database for tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic dating back to 1851 Atlantic hurricane seasonNOAA Revisits Historic Hurricanes http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/ United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory 17 August 2013 Hurricane Research Division – the area of disturbed weather is estimated to have organized into a tropical storm by 0600 UTC the following day. Over the course of the succeeding week, the tropical cyclone moved in a general westward direction as it gradually intensified, reaching hurricane intensity by 0000 UTC on September 5 and then attaining the equivalent of a modern-day Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale at 0600 UTC on September 8. Up until this time, its existence and trek across the central Atlantic was only inferred, however, aircraft reconnaissance detected and as such confirmed the existence of the tropical cyclone the following day while the hurricane was situated approximately 900 mi km on east of Antigua.Storm Located https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ynssAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KcsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2966,835126&dq=hurricane&hl=en 17 August 2013 The Spartanburg Herald September 10, 1948 Associated Press Spartanburg, South Carolina 1 Operationally, however, the reconnaissance flight significantly underestimated the winds of the tropical cyclone, with estimates of tropical storm-force winds at the storm's center.Tropic Storm Reported East Of Puerto Rico https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dBE9AAAAIBAJ&sjid=Yy4MAAAAIBAJ&pg=2895,1695547&dq=hurricane&hl=en 17 August 2013 The News and Courier September 10, 1948 United Press International Charleston, South Carolina 1 146 255June 2022 InternetArchiveBot yes Thereafter, the hurricane began curving northward as it continued to intensify, reaching the equivalent of a modern-day Category 3 hurricane – a major hurricaneA major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.Goldenburg, Stan A3) What is a super-typhoon? What is a major hurricane? What is an intense hurricane? FAQ Frequently Asked Questions http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/weather_sub/faq.html http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/A3.html June 1, 2012 United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory 17 August 2013 4.5 "nb" – by September 11. Two days later, the storm strengthened further into a Category 4 hurricane. As no reasonably quantifiable strengthening occurred afterwards, this also marked the storm's official peak intensity as maximum sustained winds were analyzed at 135 mph km/h on 5. However, aircraft reconnaissance estimated wind speeds of at least 140 mph km/h on 5 at roughly the same time frame. The storm's northward recurvature caused it to track just west of Bermuda late on September 13. Afterwards, a weakening trend began as the hurricane tracked northeastward into more northerly latitudes. By September 15, the storm had been downgraded to minimal hurricane intensity. After passing south of Cape Race later that day, the hurricane transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, and continued to track northward until it was last noted by 1800 UTC the next day near Greenland. During the storm's twelve-day trek, the hurricane tracked approximately 3,500 mi km on, roughly equidistant to the distance between New York City and London. Preparations and impact Central Atlantic and Bermuda As the hurricane traversed the Central Atlantic, the United States Weather Bureau indicated that the storm would not be a threat to continental land masses due to its isolated position.Until the inception of the present-day National Hurricane Center in 1966, the United States Weather Bureau and later Miami Hurricane Warning Office handled tropical cyclone operations in the northern Atlantic basin.History of National Weather Service Miami, Florida http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mfl/?n=floridahistorypage United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service 28 July 2013 Miami, Florida Weather Forecast Office Pfost, Russell Miami, Florida May 30, 2010 "nb"Small Tropical Storm Blows In West Indies https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7hBQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=j1UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3261,4847955&dq=hurricane&hl=en 18 August 2013 The Evening Independent September 11, 1948 Associated Press St. Petersburg, Florida 1 41 268 However, ships in the storm's vicinity and to the northwest of the hurricane were advised caution. Other shipping lanes in the forecast path of the hurricane were also warned.Atlantic Storm Is Now Hurricane; 115-Mile Winds https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nNctAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pmQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2928,5015871&dq=hurricane&hl=en 18 August 2013 Sarasota Herald-Tribune September 12, 1948 Associated Press Sarasota, Florida 1 23 295 After recurving in the direction of Bermuda, the British overseas colony was advised to begin prompt precautionary measures against storm surge and strong winds, which were expected from the hurricane. Aircraft from the United States Air Force and Navy stationed in Bermuda were sent to airfields in the United States to avoid the hurricane, while a Navy task force of twelve ships including the escort carrier USS Mindoro (CVE-120) were dispatched from the island.Vacation Island Of Bermuda Lashed By Severe Hurricane https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VOQ-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=zEwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5987,5503106&dq=hurricane&hl=en 18 August 2013 The Tuscaloosa News September 13, 1948 United Press Tuscaloosa, Alabama 1 130 257 The U.S. naval operating base moved boats from exposed areas into safer parts of the base. Similar precautionary measures were undertaken by the British naval operating base.Atlantic Hurricane Lashes Bermuda https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=s_FXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vfUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6626,4886569&dq=hurricane&hl=en 18 August 2013 Spokane Daily Chronicle September 13, 1948 Associated Press Spokane, Washington 1 62 307 On Bermuda, the hurricane brought sustained winds estimated between 93 – 103 mph km/h on, with higher gusts. A minimum pressure of 958 mbar (hPa; 28.30 inHg) was recorded, though a lower pressure may have occurred on the island as the barometer had been falling at the time.Bermuda Area Lashed By Raging Hurricane https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=s_FXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vfUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3992,4600963&dq=hurricane&hl=en 18 August 2013 Spokane Daily Chronicle September 13, 1948 Associated Press Spokane, Washington 1 62 307 The strong winds downed power lines and felled trees, littering insular streets with debris. As a result, power outages occurred and loss of telecommunications was reported. Radio stations based on the island went silent due to the power loss.High Winds Hit Bermuda https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zzAaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-iQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5612,1989440&dq=hurricane&hl=en 18 August 2013 The Milwaukee Journal September 13, 1948 Associated Press Milwaukee, Wisconsin 1 69July 2026 InternetArchiveBot An emergency backup power generator at King Edward Memorial Hospital was used to restore electrical power to the facility. However, oil lamps were still used in place of any form of electrical lighting. Several slate roofs were torn from their buildings from the strong winds.Bermuda Clearing Debris; Hurricane to Miss U.S. Coast https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tPFXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vfUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7325,5238596&dq=hurricane&hl=en 18 August 2013 Spokane Daily Chronicle September 14, 1948 Associated Press Spokane, Washington 1 62 308 Heavy rainfall associated with the hurricane flooded long stretches of roadway.Bermuda Hit By Hurricane https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ifouAAAAIBAJ&sjid=HNwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2945,2973523&dq=hurricane&hl=en 18 August 2013 The Evening Citizen September 13, 1948 The Canadian Press Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 1 106 64 Some roads were blocked and rendered impassable by the rainfall. At the local harbor, six vessels were inundated by the strong offshore wave action.Hurricane Roars Past Bermuda https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=slobAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Kk0EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6543,4713324&dq=hurricane&hl=en 18 August 2013 The Pittsburgh Press September 14, 1948 United Press Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 2 65 83 Overall, property damage on the island was estimated at $400,000.Hurricane Rips Bermuda https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LmRQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JA4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=2311,4081358&dq=hurricane&hl=en 18 August 2013 Milwaukee Sentinel September 13, 1948 1 112 68 18 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151118233753/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LmRQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JA4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=2311,4081358&dq=hurricane&hl=en dead Mid-Atlantic and Newfoundland After sweeping past Bermuda, the Weather Bureau continued to advise caution to shipping lanes in the storm's proximity.Ships Warned Of Danger In Storm Path https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uXssAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KcsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3474,1372371&dq=bermuda&hl=en 18 August 2013 The Spartanburg Herald September 15, 1948 United Press Spartanburg, South Carolina 1 Two coastal railway steamers destined for a Newfoundland port were delayed as a result of the approaching storm. All flights headed for Torbay Airport were suspended until the storm's passage. Before affecting Newfoundland, however, the hurricane impacted numerous shipping lanes in the open Atlantic. The freighter Leicester, which had departed from London and was headed for New York City, was caught in the hurricane late on September 14 while situated roughly 400 mi km on southwest of Cape Race, Newfoundland.39 Rescued In Heavy Seas As Hurricane Wrecks Ship https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108715349/the-miami-news/ 31 August 2022 Miami Daily News September 16, 1948 Associated Press Miami, Florida 1 53 260 Newspapers.com As weather conditions deteriorated, the ship began to list, and as such the crew abandoned the ship late the following day. The American steamship Cecil N. Bean and the Argentinian steamship Tropero both assisted in rescue operations and rescued 39 crew members. However, six other remained unaccounted for and were presumed dead.Board of Trade wreck report for 'Leicester', 1949 http://www.plimsoll.org/images/14207_tcm4-55909.pdf Southampton City Council 19 August 2013 Carpmael, Kenneth Thompson, J.P. Spanner, E.F. Williamson, W.A. London, United Kingdom PDF August 10, 1949 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160413124108/http://www.plimsoll.org/images/14207_tcm4-55909.pdf Apr 13, 2016 The Portuguese fishing schooner Gaspar was also caught in the storm roughly 300 mi km on off of Newfoundland,39 Safe, 6 Lost In Ship Abandoned In Hurricane https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0jAaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-iQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5241,3598849&dq=hurricane&hl=en 19 August 2013 The Milwaukee Journal September 16, 1948 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 1 69 19 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151119114038/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0jAaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-iQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5241,3598849&dq=hurricane&hl=en dead and although initial reports presumed that it had already sunk, the United States Coast Guard indicated that the ship was in no need of assistance. However, the ship was still abandoned and 41 crewmen were rescued, though one person was lost. thumb|Surface weather map of the hurricane at its closest approach towards Newfoundland on September 15 Much of the effects from the hurricane on Newfoundland occurred on September 15 and continued until September 18. With winds equivalent to that of a Category 1 hurricane, the cyclone brushed east of the island, bringing extensive flooding. Offshore, a ship estimated winds in excess of 80 mph km/h on off of Grand Bank. Precipitation peaked at a record 4.5 in mm on at Fort Pepperrell. In St. John's, train traffic was effectively halted because of the hurricane. Silt kicked up by the strong winds covered railroad tracks in the southern portions of the city, while heavy rainfall flooded several city streets. Similar problems occurred in Avondale. The nearby Rennie River overflowed its banks, inundating adjacent land. The urban flooding damaged adjacent infrastructure. A three-year-old girl died on September 16 after a landslide triggered by the rain filled the first floor of her home. This was the only death associated with the hurricane on the island. In Holyrood, the local highway was washed out in areas. A small trestle with two concrete abutments were swept off into the adjacent bay. Another road leading to Cape Saint Francis suffered wash outs as deep as 4 ft m on. Small bridges were also damaged, and some were washed away. As with the Rennie River, the Waterford River also overflowed its banks due to excessive recharge, and as such inundated 13 homes. Another river near Kilbride overflowed, flooding adjacent plots of land and tearing apart pavement. In this manner, several roads were rendered impassable and were cut off to traffic.1948-6 http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=83A5856C-1 Hurricane Storm Impact Summaries (1940 –1949) Government of Canada 18 August 2013 Environment Canada November 17, 2009 See also Tropical cyclones List of Bermuda hurricanes Hurricane Carrie – Record-breaking and long-lasting tropical cyclone that caused the deadly sinking of the Pamir after threatening Bermuda Hurricane Igor – Affected Bermuda for a prolonged period of time before severely impacting Newfoundland Hurricane Ophelia (2011) – Threatened Bermuda before making landfall in eastern Newfoundland Notes nb References 2 Bermuda-Newfoundland hurricane Category:Hurricanes in Bermuda Category:Cape Verde hurricanes Bermuda–Newfoundland hurricane, 1948 Bermuda-Newfoundland hurricane Bermuda–Newfoundland hurricane, 1948 Bermuda-Newfoundland hurricane Bermuda-Newfoundland hurricane Category:Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes Bermuda-Newfoundland hurricane