1992 Philippine presidential election

12th election of Philippine president 1992 Philippine presidential election Philippines 1936 presidential no 1986 Philippine presidential election 1986 1998 Philippine presidential election 1998 75.5% (3.3pp) May 11, 1992 Fidel Valdez Ramos Official Photo as President of the Philippines (1995).jpg 240 150 185 0 25 center Fidel V. Ramos Lakas-NUCD Lito Osmeña 5,342,521 23.58% Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago.jpg 278 150 185 0 80 center Miriam Defensor Santiago People's Reform Party Ramon Magsaysay Jr. 4,468,173 19.72% 200 150 190 0 20 center Danding Cojuangco Nationalist People's Coalition Joseph Estrada 4,116,376 18.17% Speaker Ramon Mitra.jpg 195 150 185 15 20 center Ramon Mitra Jr. Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino Marcelo Fernan 3,316,661 14.64% Imelda Marcos (1984).jpg 178 150 185 0 23 center Imelda Marcos Kilusang Bagong Lipunan Vicente Magsaysay 2,338,294 10.32% The Honorable Jovito Salonga (Senator of the Philippines).jpg 200 180 185 0 0 center Jovito Salonga Liberal Party (Philippines) Aquilino Pimentel Jr. 2,302,123 10.16% Philippine presidential election results, 1992.svg 300px Election results per province/city. President Corazon Aquino Fidel V. Ramos Independent (politician) Lakas-NUCD yes 1992 Philippine vice presidential election Philippines 1936 presidential no 1986 Philippine presidential election 1986 May 11, 1992 1998 Philippine presidential election 1998 120x120px Joseph Estrada Nationalist People's Coalition 6,739,738 33.01% 120x120px Marcelo Fernan Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino 4,438,494 21.74% 120x120px Lito Osmeña Lakas-NUCD 3,362,467 16.47% 120x120px Ramon Magsaysay Jr. People's Reform Party 2,900,556 14.20% 120x120px Aquilino Pimentel Jr. Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan 2,023,289 9.91% 120x120px Vicente Magsaysay Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 699,895 3.43% Philippine vice presidential election results, 1992.svg 300px Election results per province/city Vice President Salvador Laurel Nacionalista Party Joseph Estrada Nationalist People's Coalition Presidential and vice presidential elections were held in the Philippines on May 11, 1992.https://www.philstar.com/business/2016/05/01/1578794/phl-presidential-elections-and-stock-market Phl presidential elections and the stock market The Philippine Star November 8, 2018 This was the first general election held under the 1987 Constitution and after the EDSA People Power Revolution. An estimated 80,000 candidates ran for 17,000 posts from the presidency down to municipal councilors. The new constitution limited the president to a single six-year term with no possibility of reelection, even if nonsuccessive.https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-vii/ The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippine – Article VII Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines November 8, 2018 en-US Although some of President Corazon Aquino's advisers suggested that she could run for a second term,https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1370&dat=19880725&id=B2cVAAAAIBAJ&pg=5345,1888165 Realignment of forces Manila Standard Emil P. Jurado 25 July 1988 Google News Archive November 8, 2018 as she was sworn in before the 1987 Constitution took effect, Aquino did not run again.https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/26/world/aquino-endorses-ex-army-chief-in-vote.html Aquino Endorses Ex-Army Chief in Vote Shenon Philip November 8, 2018 en In the presidential election, retired general Fidel Ramos of Lakas–NUCD narrowly defeated populist candidate Miriam Defensor Santiago of the People's Reform Party.https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/23/world/ramos-is-declared-new-president-6-weeks-after-philippine-election.html Ramos Is Declared New President 6 Weeks After Philippine Election November 8, 2018 en Ramos also got the lowest plurality in the Philippine electoral history, and beat the previous election for the closest margin of victory, percentage-wise (this record would later be beaten by the 2004 election).https://archive.org/details/southeastasianaf00lorr registration 227 closest margin win 2004 election philippines. Southeast Asian Affairs 2006 Singh Daljit Salazar Lorraine Carlos 2006 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 9789812303738 en Santiago led the canvassing of votes for the first five days but then was overtaken by Ramos in a few days. Santiago cried fraud and filed an electoral protest citing power outages as evidence.https://www.abs-cbn.com/nation/05/05/10/miriam-i-was-cheated-didn%25E2%2580%2599t-call-people-power Miriam: I was cheated, but didn't call for people power Kristine F. Servando ABS-CBN News November 8, 2018 en-US Various media personnel became witnesses to the fraud made in the election, where the phrase, 'Miriam won in the election, but lost in the counting' became popular.https://books.google.com/books?id=9BVeDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA124 Power Broking In The Shade: Party Finances And Money Politics In Southeast Asia Wolfgang Sachsenroeder 2018-05-30 World Scientific 9789813230750 en However, her protest was eventually dismissed by the Supreme Court of the Philippines. The 1992 election was the second time both president and vice president came from different parties.https://www.rappler.com/philippines/elections/126795-single-ticket-president-vice-president/ Single ticket: How about voting for president and VP together? Rappler November 8, 2018 en Movie actor and Senator Joseph Estrada, running with presidential candidate Eduardo Cojuanco, won a six-year term as vice-president.https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2016/05/20/1584996/erap-presidency-redux Erap presidency redux The Philippine Star November 8, 2018 Under the transitory provisions of the Constitution, 24 senators were elected in this election. The first 12 senators who garnered the highest votes would have six-year terms while the next 12 senators would have three-year terms.https://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/terms.asp Term of Office of Senators senate.gov.ph November 8, 2018 Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP) received a large share in the Senate race.https://books.google.com/books?id=D6mFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA737 Political Handbook of the World 1998 Banks Arthur S. Day Alan J. Muller Thomas C. February 1, 2016 Springer 9781349149513 en Television personality and Quezon City vice mayor Vicente Sotto III (also known as Tito Sotto) received the highest number of votes.http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/former_senators/vicente_sotto_iii.htm Senators Profile - Vicente C. Sotto III www.senate.gov.ph November 8, 2018 Candidates Presidential candidatePrevious position PartyVice presidential candidatePrevious position PartyDanding CojuangcoFormer Member of the House of Representatives from Tarlac's 1st congressional district (1969–1972)Nationalist People's CoalitionJoseph EstradaSenator (1987–1992)Nationalist People's CoalitionMiriam Defensor SantiagoFormer Secretary of Agrarian Reform (1989–1990)People's Reform PartyRamon Magsaysay Jr.Former Member of the House of Representatives from Zambales's at-large congressional district (1965–1969)People's Reform PartySalvador LaurelVice PresidentNacionalista PartyEva Estrada KalawFormer Mambabatas Pambansa from Manila (1984–1986)Nacionalista PartyImelda MarcosFormer First Lady (1965–1986)Kilusang Bagong LipunanVicente MagsaysayFormer Governor of Zambales (1978–1986)Kilusang Bagong LipunanRamon Mitra Jr.Speaker of the House of RepresentativesLaban ng Demokratikong PilipinoMarcelo FernanFormer Chief Justice (1988–1991)Laban ng Demokratikong PilipinoFidel V. RamosFormer Secretary of National Defense (1988–1991)Lakas–NUCDLito OsmeñaGovernor of Cebu (1988–1992)Lakas–NUCDJovito SalongaFormer Senate President (1987–1992)Liberal PartyNene PimentelSenator (1987–1992)PDP–Laban Debates A debate was held between presidential candidates Salvador Laurel and Ramon Mitra Jr. on the ABS-CBN television program Magandang Gabi... Bayan on March 7, 1992.Maragay Fel V. Laurel, Mitra trade barbs in TV debate https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CKJOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=PQsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6409%2C1436548 April 22, 2021 Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 9, 1992 5 It was considered an especially heated debate between the two candidates, with the Manila Standard noting the "barbs, insults, and witticisms" exchanged during the program.Give and take https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CKJOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=PQsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5176%2C1453329 April 22, 2021 Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 9, 1992 8 On March 15, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) began its series of six presidential and vice-presidential debates held over the next six Sundays,COMELEC Presidential/Vice Presidential Debates https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19920315&printsec=frontpage&hl=en April 22, 2021 Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 15, 1992 11 with the first debate held among presidential candidates Fidel V. Ramos, Miriam Defensor-Santiago, and Jovito Salonga, moderated by Dong Puno and broadcast live on GMA Network.Maragay Fel V. Enlightening, but ho hum https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19920316&printsec=frontpage&hl=en April 22, 2021 Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 16, 1992 3 Estrada, then a presidential candidate, was scheduled to participate in the debate but had to withdraw due to a prior commitment.Jurado Emil P. V. The temporary insanity of senatorial candidates https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19920316&printsec=frontpage&hl=en April 22, 2021 Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 16, 1992 10 The second COMELEC-sponsored presidential debate was held on March 22 among Laurel, Mitra, and Eduardo Cojuangco Jr., moderated by Puno and broadcast live on RPN.Maragay Fel V. Laurel loses points in the debate https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19920323&printsec=frontpage&hl=en April 22, 2021 Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 23, 1992 2 The debate was also broadcast live on radio through the government-owned Radyo ng Bayan, but was interrupted 45 minutes into the debate when the station switched instead to a broadcast of a Lakas-NUCD rally in Dumaguete led by President Aquino.An interrupted debate https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19920323&printsec=frontpage&hl=en April 22, 2021 Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 23, 1992 8 The first vice-presidential debate as set by COMELEC was held on March 29 among Marcelo Fernan, Ramon Magsaysay Jr., and Vicente Magsaysay,Mismatch https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EKJOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=PQsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5180%2C5023796 April 22, 2021 Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 30, 1992 8 moderated by Mario C. Garcia and broadcast live on the government-owned PTV.COMELEC Presidential/Vice Presidential Debates https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EKJOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=PQsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6137%2C4778821 April 22, 2021 Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 29, 1992 7 Results Congressional canvass for the Philippine presidential election, 1992 For President Popular vote #ddd 600px 410px Ramos Lakas-NUCD 23.58 Defensor Santiago People's Reform Party 19.72 Cojuangco Nationalist People's Coalition 18.17 Mitra Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino 14.64 Marcos Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 10.32 Salonga Liberal Party (Philippines) 10.16 Laurel Nacionalista Party 3.40 Breakdown Region Ramos Santiago Cojuangco Mitra Marcos Salonga Laurel Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %Ilocos Region Lakas-NUCD 526,653 Lakas-NUCD 36.84 74,084 5.18 376,465 26.33 67,009 4.69 355,550 24.87 22,960 1.61 7,006 0.49Cordillera Administrative Region 76,643 18.10 66,348 15.67 Nationalist People's Coalition 89,441 Nationalist People's Coalition 21.12 76,224 18.00 65,969 15.58 45,133 10.66 3,702 0.87Cagayan Valley 110,237 13.20 46,378 5.55 Nationalist People's Coalition 282,798 Nationalist People's Coalition 33.87 91,970 11.01 241,125 28.88 56,447 6.76 6,083 0.73Central Luzon 692,515 27.57 519,769 20.69 Nationalist People's Coalition 754,737 Nationalist People's Coalition 30.05 216,944 8.64 135,022 5.38 178,896 7.12 13,951 0.56National Capital Region 679,171 20.54 People's Reform Party 990,288 People's Reform Party 29.94 572,301 17.30 193,398 5.85 379,846 11.48 438,048 13.24 54,273 1.64Southern Tagalog 442,563 13.93 People's Reform Party 579,563 People's Reform Party 18.24 517,724 16.30 538,869 16.96 173,389 5.46 344,803 10.85 483,262 15.21Bicol Region 285,370 21.49 177,202 13.35 227,718 17.15 Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino 287,970 Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino 21.69 21,336 1.61 273,478 20.60 52,275 3.52Western Visayas 326,701 16.04 People's Reform Party 1,240,002 People's Reform Party 60.88 253,649 12.45 134,834 6.62 20,130 0.99 50,954 2.50 10,581 0.52Central Visayas Lakas-NUCD 618,520 Lakas-NUCD 35.25 168,240 9.59 244,732 13.95 545,245 31.07 54,063 3.08 88,068 5.02 35,841 2.04Eastern Visayas 254,258 22.91 49,021 4.42 87,285 7.86 192,090 17.31 Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 346,121 Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 31.18 173,478 15.63 7,735 0.70Western Mindanao Lakas-NUCD 225,268 Lakas-NUCD 30.18 114,861 15.39 145,368 19.48 150,098 20.11 31,125 4.17 65,781 8.81 13,799 1.85Northern Mindanao Lakas-NUCD 351,575 Lakas-NUCD 27.71 86,290 6.80 169,334 13.35 233,657 18.42 180,130 14.20 228,109 17.98 19,680 1.55Southern Mindanao Lakas-NUCD 363,059 Lakas-NUCD 23.51 192,283 12.45 223,966 14.50 272,978 17.68 231,106 14.97 233,169 15.10 27,512 1.78Central Mindanao 119,335 20.99 People's Reform Party 124,506 People's Reform Party 21.90 74,134 13.04 91,188 16.04 84,547 14.87 82,291 11.65 10,205 1.79ARMM 152,118 25.31 38,197 6.36 109,470 18.22 Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino 224,015 Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino 37.28 17,754 2.95 38,009 6.32 21,372 3.56Absentee voters1,81923.191,14114.55 Nationalist People's Coalition 3,201 Nationalist People's Coalition 40.811722.191,05113.401551.983043.88Total Lakas-NUCD 5,342,521 Lakas-NUCD 23.584,468,17319.724,116,37618.173,316,66114.642,338,29410.322,302,12410.16770,0463.40 For Vice President Popular vote #ddd 600px 410px Estrada Nationalist People's Coalition 33.00 Fernan Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino 21.74 Osmeña Lakas-NUCD 16.47 Magsaysay Jr. People's Reform Party 14.20 Pimentel Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan 9.91 Others gray 4.68 See also Commission on Elections Politics of the Philippines Philippine elections President of the Philippines 9th Congress of the Philippines 1992 Philippine general election References External links The Philippine Presidency Project Official website of the Commission on Elections Official website of the House of Representatives https://web.archive.org/web/20200604085514/http://www.congress.gov.ph/ 2020-06-04 Further reading Fontaine Roger W. The Philippines: After Aquino Asian Affairs: An American Review 1992 19 3 170–190 10.1080/00927678.1992.9936959 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00927678.1992.9936959 subscription Landé Carl Herman Post-Marcos Politics: A Geographical and Statistical Analysis of the 1992 Presidential Election 1996 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 9789813055209 https://books.google.com/books?id=Ce1Ljm98Uw4C Category:1992 elections in the Philippines 1992 Category:Fidel V. Ramos Category:Miriam Defensor Santiago Category:Imelda Marcos Category:Salvador Laurel Category:Joseph Estrada