1884–85 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 June 2016 1884–1885 United States Senate elections United States 1877 legislative no 1882–83 United States Senate elections 1882 & 1883 1886–87 United States Senate elections 1886 & 1887 Class 3 1878–79 United States Senate elections 1878 & 1879 1890–91 United States Senate elections 1890 & 1891 27 of the 76 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections) 39 Dates vary by state Seats up x180px Republican Party (US) John Sherman as Republican Conference Chair John-Sherman-2.jpg March 4, 1883 Ohio 38 10 37 1 11 Democratic Party (US) George H. Pendleton as Democratic Caucus Chair(Lost re-election) GeorgeHPendleton.png March 4, 1881 Ohio 36 12 34 2 14 Readjuster Party William Mahone as leader of the Readjuster Party Mahone,_Hon._Senator_of_Virginia,_Brig._Gen._in_Civil_War_Crop.jpg March 4, 1881 Virginia 2 0 2 0 Majority Party RepublicanThe Readjusters caucused with the Republicans. Republican 390px Results of the elections:#CA0120 Republican gain #F48882 Republican hold#92C5DE Democratic hold #000000 Legislature failed to elect The 1884–85 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with the presidential election of 1884. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1884 and 1885, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3. With three state legislatures failing to elect their senators in time, both Republicans and Democrats lost seats. Republicans, nevertheless, retained majority control and the Readjusters joined their caucus. By the beginning of the first session, in December 1885, Republicans had won all three vacant seats, increasing their majority. Results summary Senate party division, 49th Congress (1885–1887) Majority party: Republican (42) Minority party: Democratic (34) Other parties: (0) Total seats: 76 Change in Senate composition Before the elections D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D28Ran D27Ran D26Ran D25Ran D24Ran D23Ran D22 D21 D20 D19 D29Ran D30Ran D31Ran D32Ran D33Unknown D34Retired D35Retired D36Retired RA1 RA2 Majority, with Readjusters in caucus → R38Retired R29Ran R30Ran R31Ran R32Ran R33Ran R34Ran R35Unknown R36Unknown R37Retired R28Ran R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 After the elections D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D28Re-elected D27Re-elected D26Re-elected D25Re-elected D24Re-elected D23Re-elected D22 D21 D20 D19 D29Re-elected D30Hold D31Hold D32Hold D33Hold D34Hold V1D Loss V2R Loss V3R Loss RA1 Majority due to three vacancies ↓ RA2 R29Re-elected R30Re-elected R31Re-elected R32Re-elected R33Re-elected R34Hold R35Hold R36Hold R37Gain R28Re-elected R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 Beginning of the first session, December 7, 1885 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D29 D30 D31 D32 D33 D34 RA1 RA2 R40Gain R39Gain Majority → R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 R35 R36 R37 R38Gain R28 R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 Key: D# Democratic RA# Readjuster R# Republican V# Vacant Race summaries Special elections during the 48th Congress In this election, the winner was seated in 1885 before March 4. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Rhode Island(Class 2) William P. Sheffield Republican 1884 (appointed) Interim appointee retired when successor elected.New senator elected January 20, 1885.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Jonathan Chace (Republican)February 2020 Races leading to the 49th Congress In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1885; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Alabama James L. Pugh Democratic 1880 (special) Incumbent re-elected in August 1884. Democratic Party (US) James L. Pugh (Democratic)February 2020 Arkansas James D. Walker Democratic 1878 Incumbent retired.New senator elected in 1885.Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) James K. Jones (Democratic)February 2020 California James T. Farley Democratic 1878 Incumbent retired.New senator elected in 1885.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Leland Stanford (Republican)February 2020 Colorado Nathaniel P. Hill Republican 1879 Incumbent lost renomination.New senator elected in 1885.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Henry M. Teller (Republican)February 2020 Connecticut Orville H. Platt Republican 1879 Incumbent re-elected in 1885. Republican Party (US) Orville H. Platt (Republican)February 2020 Florida Wilkinson Call Democratic 1879 Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1885.https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1885/01/21/106170742.html?zoom=15 SELECTING NEW SENATORS. The New York Times January 20, 1885 1 Democratic Party (US) Wilkinson Call (Democratic)February 2020 Georgia Joseph E. Brown Democratic 1880 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1885. Democratic Party (US) Joseph E. Brown (Democratic)February 2020 Illinois John A. Logan Republican 1879 Incumbent retired or lost re-election.Legislature failed to elect.Republican loss.Incumbent was later elected to continue the vacant term; see below. None. Indiana Daniel W. Voorhees Democratic 1877 (appointed)1879 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1885. Democratic Party (US) Daniel W. Voorhees (Democratic)February 2020 Iowa William B. Allison Republican 18721878 Incumbent re-elected January 23, 1884.Clark 1913 209 Republican Party (US) William B. Allison (Republican) 90 Democratic Party (US)Benton J. Hall (Democratic) 48 Greenback PartyDavid M. Clark (Greenback) 10 UnknownLa Vega G. Kinne (Unknown) 1Clark 1913 209 Kansas John J. Ingalls Republican 18731879 Incumbent re-elected in 1885. Republican Party (US) John J. Ingalls (Republican)February 2020 Kentucky John Stuart Williams Democratic 1878 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected February 6, 1884.Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) J. C. S. Blackburn (Democratic) 100 Republican Party (US) John Bennett (Republican) 9 Louisiana Benjamin F. Jonas Democratic 1879 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1884 or 1885.Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) James B. Eustis (Democratic)February 2020 Maryland James Black Groome Democratic 1878–79 Incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected in 1884.Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) Ephraim K. Wilson II (Democratic)February 2020 Missouri George G. Vest Democratic 1879 Incumbent re-elected in 1885. Democratic Party (US) George G. Vest (Democratic)February 2020 Nevada John P. Jones Republican 18731879 Incumbent re-elected in 1885. Republican Party (US) John P. Jones (Republican)February 2020 New Hampshire Henry W. Blair Republican 1879 Legislature failed to elect.Republican loss.Incumbent was later appointed, then elected, to continue the vacant term; see below. February 2020 New York Elbridge G. Lapham Republican 1881 (special) Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 20, 1885.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) William M. Evarts (Republican) 92 Democratic Party (US)Edward Cooper (Democratic) 65 North Carolina Zebulon Vance Democratic 1879 Incumbent re-elected in 1884. Democratic Party (US) Zebulon Vance (Democratic) Ohio George H. Pendleton Democratic 1878–79 Incumbent lost renomination.New senator elected January 15, 1884.Burke 1938 28Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) Henry B. Payne (Democratic)February 2020 Oregon James H. Slater Democratic 1878–79 Incumbent retired.Legislature failed to elect.Democratic loss. February 2020 Pennsylvania J. Donald Cameron Republican 1877 (special)1879 Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1885. Republican Party (US) J. Donald Cameron (Republican) 64.94% Democratic Party (US)William A. Wallace (Democratic) 27.49% Others; see below South Carolina Wade Hampton III Democratic 1878 Incumbent re-elected in 1884. Democratic Party (US) Wade Hampton III (Democratic)February 2020 Vermont Justin S. Morrill Republican 186618721878 Incumbent re-elected in 1884. Republican Party (US) Justin S. Morrill (Republican)February 2020 Wisconsin Angus Cameron Republican 1881 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 27, 1885.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) John C. Spooner (Republican) 61.29% Democratic Party (US) Edward S. Bragg (Democratic) 38.71% Elections during the 49th Congress In these elections, the winners were elected in 1885 after March 4, sorted by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Delaware(Class 1) Thomas F. Bayard Democratic 186918751881 Incumbent resigned March 6, 1885, to become U.S. Secretary of State.New senator elected March 18, 1885.Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) George Gray (Democratic)February 2020 Arkansas(Class 2) Augustus Garland Democratic 18761883 Incumbent resigned March 6, 1885, to become U.S. Attorney General.New senator elected March 20, 1885.Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) James H. Berry (Democratic)February 2020 Illinois(Class 3) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.New senator elected May 19, 1885.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) John A. Logan (Republican) 50.49% Democratic Party (US)Lambert Tree (Democratic) 47.06% Democratic Party (US)John C. Black (Democratic) 0.98% Democratic Party (US)John R. Hoxie (Democratic) 0.49% Democratic Party (US)William Ralls Morrison (Democratic) 0.49% Democratic Party (US)Charles J. Schofield (Democratic) 0.49% New Hampshire(Class 3) Henry W. Blair Republican 18791885 (appointed) Interim appointee elected June 17, 1885. Republican Party (US) Henry W. Blair (Republican)February 2020 Oregon(Class 3) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.New senator elected November 18, 1885.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) John H. Mitchell (Republican)February 2020 Complete list of races Maryland List of United States senators from Maryland November 2022 1884 United States Senate election in Maryland - B0CEFF -% Democratic Party (United States) Ephraim King Wilson II WILSON, Ephraim King, (1821 - 1891).jpg % 1890 1890 United States Senate election in Maryland 1878 1878 United States Senate election in Maryland 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Legislative January 1884 presidential Ephraim King Wilson II was elected by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 3 seat.https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122954 Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 00, 1884 2022-11-05 www.ourcampaigns.com New York United States Senate election in New York, 1885 The New York election was held January 20, 1885, by the New York State Legislature. Republican Elbridge G. Lapham had been elected to this seat in a special election in 1881 to succeed Roscoe Conkling who had resigned. Lapham's term would expire on March 3, 1885. At the State election in November 1883, 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1884–1885) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1884, 73 Republicans and 55 Democrats were elected for the session of 1885 to the Assembly. The 108th New York State Legislature met from January 6 to May 22, 1885, at Albany, New York. The caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 19, President pro tempore of the State Senate Dennis McCarthy presided. 19 State senators and 73 assemblymen attended. The Evarts faction required the nomination to be made by viva voce vote, which was opposed by the Morton faction, but was carried by a vote of 64 to 28. The caucus nominated Ex-U.S. Secretary of State William M. Evarts on the first ballot. +1885 Republican caucus nominee Candidate First ballot William M. Evarts 61 Levi P. Morton 28 Chauncey M. Depew 3 The Democratic caucus nominated Ex-Mayor of New York Edward Cooper. William M. Evarts was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected. +1885 United States Senator election result House Republican Democratic State Senate (32 members) William M. Evarts 19 Edward Cooper 13 State Assembly (128 members) William M. Evarts 73 Edward Cooper 52 Note: The votes were cast on January 20, but both Houses met in a Joint session of the United States Congress on January 21 to compare nominations, and declare the result. Ohio United States Senate election in Ohio, 1884 In 1884, the Democrats held a majority in the Ohio legislature. In a caucus meeting to determine the party's choice for United States Senator, many Democratic legislators looked to replace the incumbent Senator, Democrat George H. Pendleton, because they disagreed with his advocacy of civil service reform and low tariffs.Burke 1938 22 Some of Pendleton's opponents, led by Oliver Payne, promoted Henry B. Payne for the Senate seat, recalling his opposition to both of those positions during his time in the House.Burke 1938 23 After a secret ballot by the Democratic caucus, Henry B. Payne received 46 out of 80 votes.Walker 1886 3 Because Oliver was a trustee and treasurer of the Standard Oil company, many of the Pendleton supporters immediately alleged that $100,000 from the oil trust had been used to bribe Democratic legislators, and claimed that an open ballot would not have favored Payne.Burke 1938 23–27Weisenburger 1934 326 When the full legislature met, Henry B. Payne was elected with 78 votes out of 120.Walker 1886 3 The Democratic legislature initially refused to investigate their members' alleged corruption, but when Republicans regained the majority in the next session, the legislature looked into the allegations and forwarded the results to the federal Senate.Walker 1886 4 The evidence gathered was voluminous, but the Senate declined to expel Payne, who proclaimed his innocence.Weisenburger 1934 326 While there was never enough evidence for definitive proof of bribery, biographer Dewayne Burke wrote that the "circumstantial evidence seems to convict Payne" of the charge.Burke 1938 30 Pennsylvania United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1885 The Pennsylvania election was held January 20, 1885. The Pennsylvania General Assembly convened January 20, 1885. Incumbent Republican J. Donald Cameron, who was elected in an 1877 special election and re-elected in 1879, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term.U.S. Senate Election - 20 January 1885 http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1885.pdf Wilkes University December 22, 2013 The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows: State legislature results Republican Party (United States) J. Donald Cameron (Inc.) 163 64.94 Democratic Party (United States) William A. Wallace 69 27.49 Republican Party (United States) A. W. Acheson 1 0.40 Republican Party (United States) Charles N. Brumm 1 0.40 Republican Party (United States) George Shiras Jr. 1 0.40 N/A Not voting 14 5.58 |- |-bgcolor="#EEEEEE" | colspan="3" align="right" | Totals | align="right" | 251 | align="right" | 100.00% |} See also 1884 United States elections 1884 United States presidential election 1884 United States House of Representatives elections 48th United States Congress 49th United States Congress Notes References Further reading Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov Burke Dewayne 1938 Henry B. Payne: His Congressional Career M.A. thesis Ohio State University https://etd.ohiolink.edu/rws_etd/document/get/osu1187639438/inline February 20, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160826191505/https://etd.ohiolink.edu/rws_etd/document/get/osu1187639438/inline August 26, 2016 dead The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992 volume 4 Bicentennial Robert C. Byrd Robert Byrd Wendy Wolff United States Senate Historical Office Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office October 1, 1993 9780160632563 https://books.google.com/books?id=PeHByMYxVm8C Clark Dan Elbert History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 1913 https://books.google.com/books?id=jXJDAAAAIAAJ Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project Wilkes University January 31, 2007 Harold Cox Walker Albert H. 1886 The Payne Bribery Case and the United States Senate Clark & Smith Hartford, Connecticut 17693469 https://archive.org/details/paynebriberycas00walkgoog Weisenburger Francis Phelps Henry B. Payne Dictionary of American Biography XIV 325–326 C. Scribner's Sons New York, New York https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofamer14amer#page/324/mode/2up 1934 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1885/01/20/106295539.pdf MR. EVARTS TO BE SENATOR The New York Times January 20, 1885 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1885/01/22/106295767.pdf EVARTS ELECTED SENATOR The New York Times January 22, 1885