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1850–51 United States House of Representatives elections

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House elections for the 32nd U.S. Congress December 2023 Clean up and add the results to the Tables for each state January 2026 December 2020 1850–51 United States House of Representatives elections United States 1848 legislative no 1848–49 United States House of Representatives elections 1848 & 1849 1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections 1852 & 1853 31st United States Congress#House of Representatives_3 32nd United States Congress#House of Representatives_3 All 233 seats in the United States House of Representatives 117 August 5, 1850 – November 4, 1851 x180px LinnBoyd.jpg Linn Boyd Democratic Party (US) KY 1 T 113 seats 127Includes one Anti-Benton Democrat, one Benton Democrat, two Southern Rights Democrats, two Union Democrats, and one Secessionist Democrat 14 1,142,783 43.31% 0.85 Edward Stanly by Brady.jpg Edward Stanly Whig Party (US) NC 8 T 106 seats 85Includes two Union Whigs and one Secessionist Whig 21 1,105,286 41.89% 2.95 Union ffaadd Pre-creation 10 10 123,727 4.69% New Party Southern Rights Pre-creation 3 3 109,060 4.13% New Party Free Soil Party 8 seats 4 4 82,221 3.12% 5.54 Independent 3 seats 4Includes three Independent Democrats and one Independent Whig. 1 70,262 2.79% 1.03 32nd Congress Results.svg 350px Results:#0671B0 Democratic gain #c49213 Whig gain #cccc66 Free Soil gain#92C5DE Democratic hold #f3d586 Whig hold #e5d345 Free Soil hold#dd3497 Union gain #6ab023 Southern Rights gain #666666 Independent gain Speaker Howell Cobb Linn Boyd Democratic Party (US) Democratic Party (US) States held the 1850–51 United States House of Representatives elections between August 5, 1850, and November 4, 1851, during President Millard Fillmore's term. Each state set a date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 32nd United States Congress convened on December 1, 1851. Thirty-one states held elections, for 233 House seats. After previously winning a plurality, the Democrats won a majority over the rival Whigs. Incumbent Whig President Millard Fillmore, who had succeeded to the Presidency in July 1850 after the death of more charismatic General Zachary Taylor, lacked a strong political base. The Compromise of 1850, which admitted California alone as a free state in exchange for concessions to slave state interests, began integration of the Mexican Cession. It appeared in the short term that Congress had politically feasible options to contain sectionalism and to reduce tensions over expanding slavery in the Western United States. This optimism soon would prove unfounded. In the South, two short-lived minor parties formed, one supporting, and the other opposing, the Compromise of 1850. The supporting Union Party won 10 seats, while the opposing Southern Rights Party won three.Congress Profiles US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives https://history.house.gov/Congressional-Overview/Profiles/32nd/ 2026-07-14 history.house.gov en The Free Soil Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery into the Western territories, lost seats and was reduced to four Representatives. Election summaries + ↓ 130 7 10 86 Democratic Free Soil had 4 seats and Southern Rights had 3. Union had 10 seats. Whig State Type Date Totalseats Democratic Free SoilSouthern Rights Union Whig Seats Change Seats ChangeSeatsChange Seats Change Seats Change Iowa District August 5, 1850 2 2 0 0 0 0 Missouri District August 5, 1850 5 2Includes one Anti-Benton Democrat and one Benton Democrat 3 0 0 0 3 3 Vermont District September 3, 1850 4 1One Democrat was backed by Free Soil 0 0 0 3 Maine District September 9, 1850 7 5 0 0 0 2 Florida At-large October 7, 1850 1 0 0 0 0 1 Ohio District October 8, 1850 21 11"1ID" 1 1 0 0 9 1 Pennsylvania District October 8, 1850 24There was 1 Know-Nothing in the 31st Congress. 15One Democrat was backed by Free Soil 6 0 1 0 0 9One Whig was backed by Free Soil 4 South Carolina District October 14–15, 1850 7 7 0 0 0 0 Illinois District November 5, 1850(Election Day)In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors.Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721 Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well. 7 6 0 0 0 1 Michigan District 3 1 1 0 0 0 2Two Whigs were backed by Free Soil 1 New Jersey District 5 4 3 0 0 0 1 3 New York District 34 17 16 0 1 0 0 17 15 Wisconsin District 3 2"1ID" Includes one Independent Democrat. 1 1One Free Soil was backed by the Whigs 0 0 0 1 Massachusetts District November 11, 1850 10One seat, MA 4, had been vacant during the entire 31st Congress. 1 1 2 1 0 0 7 1 Delaware At-large November 12, 1850 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 Late elections (after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term) New Hampshire District March 11, 1851 4 2 0 1 0 0 2 1 Rhode Island District April 2, 1851 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 Connecticut District April 7, 1851 4 3 1 0 1 0 0 1 Alabama District August 4, 1851 7 4Includes two Southern Rights Democrats and two Union Democrats 1 0 0 1 1 2Includes two Union Whigs Arkansas At-large August 4, 1851 1 1 0 0 0 0 Indiana District August 4, 1851 10 8 0 1 0 0 2 1 Kentucky District August 4, 1851 10 5 1 0 0 0 5 1 Texas District August 4, 1851 2 2 0 0 0 0 North Carolina District August 7, 1851 9 3Includes one Seccionist Democrat 0 0 0 6Includes one Seccionist Whig Tennessee District August 7, 1851 11 7"1ID" 0 0 0 4 California At-large September 3, 1851 2There was 1 Independent in the 31st Congress. 2 1 0 0 0 0 Maryland District October 1, 1851 6 2 1 0 0 0 4"IW" 1 Georgia District October 6, 1851 8 0 4 0 2 2 6 6 0 4 Virginia District October 23, 1851 15 13 0 0 0 2 Mississippi District November 3–4, 1851 4 0 4 0 1 1 3 3 0 Louisiana District November 4, 1851 4 2 1 0 0 0 2 1 Total 233 130"3ID" Includes three Independent Democrats from Ohio, Tennessee, and Wisconsin.55.8% 17 41.7% 5 31.3% 3 104.3% 10 86"IW" Includes 1 Independent Whig.36.9% 22 Popular vote #ddd 600px 650px Democratic Democratic Party (US) 43.31 Whig Whig Party (US) 41.89 Union Unionist Party (US) 4.69 Southern Rights Southern Rights Party (US) 4.13 Free Soil Free Soil Party 3.12 Independent Independent 2.79 Others #DDDDDD 0.07House seats #ddd 600px 650px Democratic Democratic Party (US) 50.65 Whig Whig Party (US) 35.06 Union Unionist Party (US) 6.06 Southern Rights Southern Rights Party (US) 3.46 Free Soil Free Soil Party 3.03 Independent Independent 1.73One district in Massachusetts had been vacant in the 31st Congress. No new seats were added. The previous election had 1 Know-Nothing and 1 Independent. Special elections 31st Congress IA 1: 1850 NH 3: 1850 OH 6: 1851 LA 3: 1850 MA 1: 1850 32nd Congress January 2020 Alabama List of United States representatives from Alabama Elections were held August 4, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851. |- ! AL 1 X | William J. Alston | | Whig | 1849 | |Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | * Democratic Party (US) John Bragg (Democratic) 58.81%Our Campaigns - AL District 1 Race - Nov 12, 1850 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=331959 2024-11-12 www.ourcampaigns.com Whig Party (US)Charles Langdon (Whig) 41.19% |- ! AL 2 X |- ! AL 3 X |- ! AL 4 X |- ! AL 5 X |- ! AL 6 X |- ! AL 7 X |} Arkansas List of United States representatives from Arkansas The election was held August 4, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851. |- ! AR AL X | Robert W. Johnson | | Democratic | 1846 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Robert W. Johnson (Democratic) 57.4% Whig Party (US)John Preston (Whig) 42.6% Guide to U.S. Elections 6th II Washington, D.C. CQ Press 1016 2010 9781604265361 430736650 2009033938 |} California List of United States representatives from California California's members were elected late, at-large statewide, September 3, 1851. There were nevertheless seated with the rest of the House at the beginning of the first session. |- ! rowspan=2 | CA AL X2 seats | George W. Wright | | Independent | 1849 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | rowspan=2 nowrap | (Elected on a general ticket) Democratic Party (US) Edward C. Marshall (Democratic) 27.16% Democratic Party (US) Joseph W. McCorkle (Democratic) 26.77% Whig Party (US)Edward J. Kewen (Whig) 23.70% Whig Party (US)Benjamin J. Moore (Whig) 22.37%Our Campaigns - CA - At Large Race - Sep 03, 1851 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=115023 October 16, 2020 www.ourcampaigns.com |- | Edward Gilbert | | Democratic | 1849 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. |} Connecticut List of United States representatives from Connecticut Elections were held April 7, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851. State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results https://electionhistory.ct.gov/eng/ 2024-10-09 State of Connecticut Elections Database en |- ! CT 1 X | Loren P. Waldo | | 1849 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Whig gain. | nowrap | Whig Party Charles Chapman (Whig) 48.8% Democratic Party (US)Loren P. Waldo (Democratic) 48.5% Free Soil PartyTimothy Cowles (Free Soil) 2.6% |- ! CT 2 X | Walter Booth | | Free Soil | 1849 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Colin M. Ingersoll (Democratic) 49.6% Whig Party (US)James F. Babcock (Whig) 45.9% Free Soil PartyWalter Booth (Free Soil) 2.6% |- ! CT 3 X | Chauncey F. Cleveland | | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Chauncey F. Cleveland (Democratic) 50.9% Whig PartyJohn C. Ames (Whig) 49.3% Free Soil PartyEphraim Williams (Free Soil) 1.7% |- ! CT 4 X | Thomas B. Butler | | Whig | 1849 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Origen S. Seymour (Democratic) 49.3% Whig PartyThomas B. Butler (Whig) 48.4% Free Soil PartyLewis Beers Jr. (Free Soil) 2.3% |} Delaware List of United States representatives from Delaware The election was held November 12, 1850. |- ! DE AL X | John W. Houston | | Whig | 1844 | |Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) George R. Riddle (Democratic) 49.21%Our Campaigns - DE District At Large Race - Nov 12, 1850 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=275427 2024-02-04 www.ourcampaigns.com Whig Party (US)George B. Rodney (Whig) 48.24% Prohibition PartyFrancis D. Wait (Temperance) 2.54% |} Florida List of United States representatives from Florida The election was held October 7, 1850. |- ! FL AL X | Edward C. Cabell | | Whig | 1845 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Whig Party (US) Edward C. Cabell (Whig) 52.80% Democratic Party (US)John Beard (Democratic) 47.20%Our Campaigns - FL At Large Race - Oct 07, 1850 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=287201 2023-10-20 www.ourcampaigns.com |} Georgia List of United States representatives from Georgia Elections were held October 6, 1851. |- ! GA 1 X | Joseph W. Jackson | | Democratic | 1850 | |Incumbent re-elected.Southern Rights gain. | nowrap | Southern Rights Party (US) Joseph W. Jackson (Southern Rights) 51.67% Unionist Party (US)Charles H. Hopkins (Constitutional Union) 48.34%Our Campaigns - GA District 01 Race - Oct 06, 1851 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=409366 2023-10-19 www.ourcampaigns.com |- ! GA 2 X | Marshall Johnson Wellborn | | Democratic | 1848 | | Incumbent retired.Constitutional Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist Party (US) James Johnson (Constitutional Union) 53.72% Southern Rights Party (US)Henry L. Benning (Southern Rights) 46.28%Our Campaigns - GA District 02 Race - Oct 06, 1851 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=409368 2023-10-20 www.ourcampaigns.com |- ! GA 3 X | Allen F. Owen | | Whig | 1848 | | Incumbent retired.Southern Rights gain. | nowrap | Southern Rights Party (US) Jack Bailey (Southern Rights) 50.67% Unionist Party (US)Absalom H. Chappell (Constitutional Union) 49.33%Our Campaigns - GA District 03 Race - Oct 06, 1851 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=409370 2023-10-20 www.ourcampaigns.com |- ! GA 4 X | Hugh A. Haralson | | Democratic | 1842 | | Incumbent retired.Constitutional Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist Party (US) Charles Murphey (Constitutional Union) 58.05% Southern Rights Party (US)John P. Stell (Southern Rights) 41.95%Our Campaigns - GA District 04 Race - Oct 06, 1851 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=409371 2023-10-20 www.ourcampaigns.com |- ! GA 5 X | Thomas C. Hackett | | Democratic | 1848 | | Incumbent retired.Constitutional Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist Party (US) Elijah W. Chastain (Constitutional Union) 64.98% Southern Rights Party (US)William H. Stiles (Southern Rights) 35.02%Our Campaigns - GA District 05 Race - Oct 06, 1851 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=409373 2023-10-20 www.ourcampaigns.com |- ! GA 6 X | Howell Cobb | | Democratic | 1842 | | Incumbent retired.Constitutional Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist Party (US) Junius Hillyer (Constitutional Union) 71.11% Southern Rights Party (US)Thomas F. Jones (Southern Rights) 28.90%Our Campaigns - GA District 06 Race - Oct 06, 1851 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=409374 2023-10-20 www.ourcampaigns.com |- ! GA 7 X | Alexander H. Stephens | | Whig | 1843 | |Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist.Constitutional Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist Party (US) Alexander H. Stephens (Constitutional Union) 70.82% Southern Rights Party (US)David W. Lewis (Southern Rights) 29.18%Our Campaigns - GA District 07 Race - Oct 06, 1851 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=409376 2023-10-20 www.ourcampaigns.com |- ! GA 8 X | Robert Toombs | | Whig | 1844 | |Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist.Constitutional Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist Party (US) Robert Toombs (Constitutional Union) |} Illinois List of United States representatives from Illinois Elections were held November 5, 1850. |- ! IL 1 X | William H. Bissell | | Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) William H. Bissell (Democratic) |- !IL 2 X | John A. McClernand | | Democratic | 1842 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | * Democratic Party (US) Willis Allen (Democratic) 55.5% Whig Party (US)Thomas G. C. Davis (Whig) 45.5% |- !IL 3 X | Timothy R. Young | | Democratic | 1848 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Orlando B. Ficklin (Democratic) 56.3% Whig Party (US)E. G. Ryan (Whig) 43.5% |- !IL 4 X | John Wentworth | | Democratic | 1842 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Richard S. Molony (Democratic) 48.9% Whig Party (US)Churchill Coffing (Whig) 46.1% |- !IL 5 X | William Alexander Richardson | | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) William Alexander Richardson (Democratic) 53.0% Whig Party (US) Orville H. Browning (Whig) 47.1% |- !IL 6 X | Edward D. Baker | | Whig | 1848 | |Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Thompson Campbell (Democratic) 50.7% Whig Party (US) Martin P. Sweet (Whig) 48.7% |- !IL 7 X | Thomas L. Harris | | Democratic | 1848 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Whig gain. | nowrap | * Whig Party Richard Yates Sr. (Whig) 52.8% Democratic Party (US)Thomas L. Harris (Democratic) 47.1% |}Kalb Deborah Guide to U.S. Elections CQ Press 2016 7th 918–919 Indiana List of United States representatives from Indiana Elections were held August 4, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851. |- ! IN 1 X | Nathaniel Albertson | | Democratic | 1849 | | Incumbent Lost renomination.Democratic hold. | nowrap | * Democratic Party (US) James Lockhart (Democratic) 51.0% Whig Party (US)Lemuel Debruler (Whig) 49.0% |- !IN 2 X | Cyrus L. Dunham | | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | * Democratic Party (US) Cyrus L. Dunham (Democratic) 53.2% Whig Party (US)Roger Martin (Whig) 46.8% |- !IN 3 X | John L. Robinson | | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | * Democratic Party (US) John L. Robinson (Democratic) 50.2% Whig Party (US)Johnson Watts (Whig) 49.8% |- ! IN 4 X | George W. Julian | | Free Soil | 1849 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Whig gain. | nowrap | * Whig Party (US) Samuel W. Parker (Whig) 52.9% Free Soil PartyGeorge W. Julian (Free Soil) 47.1% |- ! IN 5 X | John L. Robinson | | Democratic | 1849 | | Incumbent Lost renomination.Democratic hold. | nowrap | * Democratic Party (US) Thomas A. Hendricks (Democratic) 62.1% Whig Party (US)William P. Rush (Whig) 38.0% |- ! IN 6 X | Willis A. Gorman | | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | * Democratic Party (US) Willis A. Gorman (Democratic) 66.9% Whig Party (US)Eli P. Farmer (Whig) 33.1% |- ! IN 7 X | Edward W. McGaughey | | Whig | 1849 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | * Democratic Party (US) John G. Davis (Democratic) 51.1% Whig Party (US)Edward W. McGaughey (Whig) 48.9% |- ! IN 8 X | Joseph E. McDonald | | Democratic | 1849 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | * Democratic Party (US) Daniel Mace (Democratic) 50.8% Whig Party (US)David Brier (Whig) 49.0% |- ! IN 9 X | Graham N. Fitch | | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | * Democratic Party (US) Graham N. Fitch (Democratic) 50.6% Whig Party (US)Schuyler Colfax (Whig) 49.4% |- ! IN 10 X | Andrew J. Harlan | | Democratic | 1849 | | Incumbent retired.Whig gain. | nowrap | * Whig Party (US) Samuel Brenton (Whig/Free Soil) 50.9% Democratic Party (US)James W. Borden (Democratic) 47.1% |} Iowa List of United States representatives from Iowa Elections were held August 5, 1850. |- ! IA 1 X | Daniel F. Miller | | Whig | 1850 | |Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Bernhart Henn (Democratic) 50.5% Whig Party (US)George G. Wright (Whig) 47.4% |- ! IA 2 X | Shepherd Leffler | | Democratic | 1846 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | * Democratic Party (US) Lincoln Clark (Democratic) 54.0% Whig Party (US)William H. Henderson (Whig) 44.4% |} Kentucky List of United States representatives from Kentucky Elections were held August 4, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851. |- ! KY 1 X | Linn Boyd | | Democratic | 1839 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Linn Boyd (Democratic) 57.5% Whig Party (US)H. M. McCarty (Whig) 29.9% Unknown Party (US) Hiram McElroy (Unknown) 12.7% |- ! KY 2 X | James Leeper Johnson | | Whig | 1849 | | Incumbent renominated but declined.Whig hold. | nowrap | * Whig Party (US) Benjamin E. Grey (Whig) 63.5% Unknown Party (US) Jeff Jennings (Unknown) 36.5% |- ! KY 3 X | Finis McLean | | Whig | 1849 | | Incumbent retired.Whig hold. | nowrap | * Whig Party (US) Presley Ewing (Whig) 52.1% Democratic Party (US) Beverly L. Clarke (Democratic) 47.9% |- ! KY 4 X | George Caldwell | | Democratic | 1849 | |Incumbent retired.Whig gain. | nowrap | * Whig Party (US) William Thomas Ward (Whig) |- ! KY 5 X | John Burton Thompson | | Whig | 1847 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) James W. Stone (Democratic) 51.6% Unknown Party (US) C. S. Hill (Unknown) 48.4% |- ! KY 6 X | Daniel Breck | | Whig | 1849 | | Incumbent retired.Whig hold. | nowrap | * Whig Party (US) Addison White (Whig) 56.6% Unknown Party (US) Theodore T. Garrard (Unknown) 40.0% |- ! KY 7 X | Humphrey Marshall | | Whig | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | * Whig Party (US) Humphrey Marshall (Whig) 50.5% Democratic Party (US) David Meriwether (Democratic) 49.5% |- ! KY 8 X | Charles S. Morehead | | Whig | 1847 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John C. Breckinridge (Democratic) 52.5% Whig Party (US) Leslie Combs (Whig) 47.6% |- ! KY 9 X | John C. Mason | | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John C. Mason (Democratic) 72.1% Whig Party (US) Samuel Montgomery (Whig) 27.2% |- ! KY 10 X | Richard H. Stanton | | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Richard H. Stanton (Democratic) 53.6% Whig Party (US) William C. Marshall (Whig) 46.4% |} Louisiana List of United States representatives from Louisiana Elections were held November 4, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851. |- ! LA 1 X |- ! LA 2 X |- ! LA 3 X |- ! LA 4 X |} Maine List of United States representatives from Maine Elections were held September 9, 1850. |- ! ME 1 X |- ! ME 2 X |- ! ME 3 X |- ! ME 4 X |- ! ME 5 X |- ! ME 6 X |- ! ME 7 X |} Maryland List of United States representatives from Maryland Elections were held October 1, 1851 elections were after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the new term, but still before the Congress convened in December 1851. |- ! MD 1 X |- ! MD 2 X |- ! MD 3 X |- ! MD 4 X |- ! MD 5 X |- ! MD 6 X |} Massachusetts List of United States representatives from Massachusetts Elections were held November 11, 1850, but at least one district's elections went to multiple ballots into 1851. |- ! MA 1 X |- ! MA 2 X |- ! MA 3 X |- ! MA 4 X | colspan=3 | Vacant due to failure to elect. | | Whig gain. | nowrap | First ballot (November 11, 1850) Whig Party (US)Benjamin Thompson (Whig) 39.60% Free Soil PartyJohn G. Palfrey (Free Soil) 34.25% Democratic Party (US)Richard Frothingham (Democratic) 26.16%Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 1st Trial Race - Nov 11, 1850 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=730060 www.ourcampaigns.com Second ballot (January 20, 1851) Whig Party (US)Benjamin Thompson (Whig) 42.76% Free Soil PartyJohn G. Palfrey (Free Soil) 33.86% Democratic Party (US)Richard Frothingham (Democratic) 23.39%Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 2nd Trial Race - Jan 20, 1851 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=730061 www.ourcampaigns.com Third ballot (April 7, 1851) Whig Party (US)Benjamin Thompson (Whig) 42.12% Free Soil PartyJohn G. Palfrey (Free Soil) 40.18% Democratic Party (US)Richard Frothingham (Democratic) 17.70%Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 3rd Trial Race - Apr 07, 1851 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=730062 www.ourcampaigns.com Fourth ballot (May 26, 1851) Whig Party (US) Benjamin Thompson (Whig) 47.65% Free Soil PartyJohn G. Palfrey (Free Soil) 47.00% Democratic Party (US)Richard Frothingham (Democratic) 5.36%Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 4th Trial Race - May 26, 1851 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=730063 www.ourcampaigns.com |- ! MA 5 X |- ! MA 6 X |- ! MA 7 X | Julius Rockwell | | Whig | 1844 (late) | | Incumbent lost re-election.Whig hold. | nowrap | First ballot (November 11, 1850) Democratic Party (US)Henry W. Bishop (Democratic) 45.75% Whig Party (US)John Z. Goodrich (Whig) 45.30% Free Soil PartyJoel Hayden (Free Soil) 6.72% Whig Party (US)Julius Rockwell (Whig) 2.23%Our Campaigns - MA District 7 - 1st Trial Race - Nov 11, 1850 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=727352 www.ourcampaigns.com Second ballot (January 20, 1851) Whig Party (US)John Z. Goodrich (Whig) 48.32% Democratic Party (US)Henry W. Bishop (Democratic) 42.61% Free Soil PartyJoel Hayden (Free Soil) 7.73% Whig Party (US)Julius Rockwell (Whig) 1.34%Our Campaigns - MA District 7 - 2nd Trial Race - Jan 20, 1851 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=727353 www.ourcampaigns.com Third ballot (April 7, 1851) Whig Party (US)John Z. Goodrich (Whig) 48.24% Democratic Party (US)Henry W. Bishop (Democratic) 43.02% Free Soil PartyJoel Hayden (Free Soil) 7.96%Our Campaigns - MA District 7 - 3rd Trial Race - Apr 07, 1851 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=727354 www.ourcampaigns.com Fourth ballot (May 26, 1851) Whig Party (US) John Z. Goodrich (Whig) 52.80% Democratic Party (US)Henry W. Bishop (Democratic) 46.32%Our Campaigns - MA District 7 - 4th Trial Race - May 26, 1851 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=727351 www.ourcampaigns.com |- ! MA 8 X |- ! MA 9 X |- ! MA 10 X |} Michigan List of United States representatives from Michigan Elections were held November 5, 1850. |- ! MI 1 X | Alexander W. Buel | | 1848 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Whig gain. | nowrap | Whig Party (US) Ebenezer J. Penniman (Whig) 54.7% Democratic Party (US)Alexander W. Buel (Democratic) 45.3%MI - District 01 Race - Nov 05, 1850 Our Campaigns January 11, 2010 June 27, 2022 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=615244 |- ! MI 2 X | William Sprague | | Whig | 1848 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Charles E. Stuart (Democratic) 50.8% Whig Party (US)Joseph R. Williams (Whig) 49.0%MI - District 02 Race - Nov 05, 1850 Our Campaigns January 11, 2010 June 27, 2022 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=615268 |- ! MI 3 X | Kinsley S. Bingham | | 1846 | | Incumbent retired.Whig gain. | nowrap | Whig Party (US) James L. Conger (Whig) 50.6% Democratic Party (US)Charles C. Hascall (Democratic) 49.4%MI - District 03 Race - Nov 05, 1850 Our Campaigns January 11, 2010 June 27, 2022 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=615288 |} Minnesota Territory See Non-voting delegates, below. Mississippi List of United States representatives from Mississippi Elections were held November 3–4, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851. |- ! MS 1 X | Jacob Thompson | | Democratic | 1839 | | Incumbent lost re-election as a Southern Rights candidate.Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist Party (US) Benjamin D. Nabers (Union) 57.80% Southern Rights Party (US)Jacob Thompson (Southern Rights) 42.20%MS - District 01 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=483071 Our Campaigns 9 March 2021 |- ! MS 2 X | Winfield S. Featherston | | Democratic | 1847 | | Incumbent lost re-election as a Southern Rights candidate.Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist Party (US) John A. Wilcox (Union) 52.77% Southern Rights Party (US)Winfield S. Featherston (Southern Rights) 47.24%MS - District 02 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=483140 Our Campaigns 9 March 2021 |- ! MS 3 X | William McWillie | | Democratic | 1849 | | Incumbent lost re-election as a Southern Rights candidate.Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist Party (US) John D. Freeman (Union) 50.81% Southern Rights Party (US)William McWillie (Southern Rights) 49.19%MS - District 03 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=483176 Our Campaigns 9 March 2021 |- ! MS 4 X | Albert G. Brown | | Democratic | 1847 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Southern Rights candidate.Southern Rights gain. | nowrap | Southern Rights Party (US) Albert G. Brown (Southern Rights) 57.35% Unionist Party (US)A. B. Dawson (Union) 42.66%MS - District 04 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=483210 Our Campaigns 9 March 2021 |} Missouri List of United States representatives from Missouri Elections were held August 5, 1850. |- ! MO 1 X |- ! MO 2 X |- ! MO 3 X |- ! MO 4 X |- ! MO 5 X |} New Hampshire List of United States representatives from New Hampshire Elections were held March 11, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851. |- ! NH 1 X | Amos Tuck | | Free Soil | 1847 | | Incumbent won re-election as a Whig.Whig gain. | nowrap |* Whig Party Amos Tuck (Whig) 51.23% Democratic Party (US)George W. Kittredge (Democratic) 48.77% |- !NH 2 X | Charles H. Peaslee | | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |* Democratic Party (US) Charles H. Peaslee (Democratic) 55.01% Whig Party Anthony Colby (Whig) 29.18% Free Soil Party Asa Fowler (Free Soil) 15.81% |- !NH 3 X | George W. Morrison | | Democratic | 1850 (special) | | Incumbent lost re-election.Whig gain. | nowrap |* Whig Party Jared Perkins (Whig) 52.84% Democratic Party (US) George W. Morrison (Democratic) 47.16% |- !NH 4 X |Harry Hibbard | | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |* Democratic Party (US) Harry Hibbard (Democratic) 59.66% Whig PartyJonathan Kitteridge (Whig) 27.32% Free Soil Party John H. White (Free Soil) 13.02% |} New Jersey List of United States representatives from New Jersey Elections were held November 5, 1850. |- ! NJ 1 X |- ! NJ 2 X |- ! NJ 3 X |- ! NJ 4 X |- ! NJ 5 X |} New Mexico Territory See Non-voting delegates, below. New York List of United States representatives from New York Elections were held November 5, 1850. |- ! NY 1 X |- ! NY 2 X |- ! NY 3 X |- ! NY 4 X |- ! NY 5 X |- ! NY 6 X |- ! NY 7 X |- ! NY 8 X |- ! NY 9 X |- ! NY 10 X |- ! NY 11 X |- ! NY 12 X |- ! NY 13 X |- ! NY 14 X |- ! NY 15 X |- ! NY 16 X |- ! NY 17 X |- ! NY 18 X |- ! NY 19 X |- ! NY 20 X |- ! NY 21 X |- ! NY 22 X |- ! NY 23 X |- ! NY 24 X |- ! NY 25 X |- ! NY 26 X |- ! NY 27 X |- ! NY 28 X |- ! NY 29 X |- ! NY 30 X |- ! NY 31 X |- ! NY 32 X |- ! NY 33 X |- ! NY 34 X |} North Carolina List of United States representatives from North Carolina Elections were held August 7, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851. |- ! NC 1 X |- ! NC 2 X |- ! NC 3 X |- ! NC 4 X |- ! NC 5 X |- ! NC 6 X |- ! NC 7 X |- ! NC 8 X |- ! NC 9 X |} Ohio List of United States representatives from Ohio Elections were held October 8, 1850. |- ! OH 1 X |- ! OH 2 X |- ! OH 3 X |- ! OH 4 X |- ! OH 5 X |- ! OH 6 X |- ! OH 7 X |- ! OH 8 X |- ! OH 9 X |- ! OH 10 X |- ! OH 11 X |- ! OH 12 X |- ! OH 13 X |- ! OH 14 X |- ! OH 15 X |- ! OH 16 X |- ! OH 17 X |- ! OH 18 X |- ! OH 19 X |- ! OH 20 X |- ! OH 21 X |} Oregon Territory See Non-voting delegates, below. Pennsylvania List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania Elections were held October 8, 1850. |- ! PA 1 X |- ! PA 2 X |- ! PA 3 X |- ! PA 4 X |- ! PA 5 X |- ! PA 6 X |- ! PA 7 X |- ! PA 8 X |- ! PA 9 X |- ! PA 10 X |- ! PA 11 X |- ! PA 12 X |- ! PA 13 X |- ! PA 14 X |- ! PA 15 X |- ! PA 16 X |- ! PA 17 X |- ! PA 18 X |- ! PA 19 X |- ! PA 20 X |- ! PA 21 X |- ! PA 22 X |- ! PA 23 X |- ! PA 24 X |} Rhode Island List of United States representatives from Rhode Island Elections were held April 2, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851. |- ! RI 1 X |- ! RI 2 X |} South Carolina List of United States representatives from South Carolina Elections were held October 14–15, 1850. |- ! SC 1 X |- ! SC 2 X |- ! SC 3 X |- ! SC 4 X |- ! SC 5 X |- ! SC 6 X |- ! SC 7 X |} Tennessee List of United States representatives from Tennessee Elections were held August 7, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851. |- ! TN 1 X | Andrew Johnson | | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Andrew Johnson (Democratic) 57.52% Democratic Party (US)Landon Carter Haynes (Democratic) 42.48%TN - District 01 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626823 Our Campaigns 16 February 2021 |- ! TN 2 X | Albert G. Watkins | | Whig | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Albert G. Watkins (Whig) 78.65% Democratic Party (US)[FNU] Hurley (Democratic) 17.57% Whig Party (US)J. D. Dickinson (Whig) 3.78%TN - District 02 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626825 Our Campaigns 16 February 2021 |- ! TN 3 X | Josiah M. Anderson | | Whig | 1849 | |Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) William M. Churchwell (Democratic) 50.06% Whig Party (US)Josiah M. Anderson (Whig) 49.94%TN - District 03 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626826 Our Campaigns 16 February 2021 |- ! TN 4 X | John H. Savage | | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John H. Savage (Democratic) 57.20% Whig Party (US)Jefferson D. Goodpasture (Whig) 42.80%TN - District 04 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626827 Our Campaigns 16 February 2021 |- ! TN 5 X | George W. Jones | | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) George W. Jones (Democratic) 100%TN - District 05 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626829 Our Campaigns 16 February 2021 |- ! TN 6 X | James H. Thomas | | Democratic | 1847 | |Incumbent lost re-election.Independent Democratic gain. | nowrap | Independent Democratic Party (US) William H. Polk (Independent Democratic) 56.13% Democratic Party (US)James H. Thomas (Democratic) 43.87%TN - District 06 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626830 Our Campaigns 16 February 2021 |- ! TN 7 X | Meredith P. Gentry | | Whig | 1845 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Whig Party (US) Meredith P. Gentry (Whig) 100%TN - District 07 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626831 Our Campaigns 16 February 2021 |- ! TN 8 X | Andrew Ewing | | Democratic | 1849 | |Incumbent retired.Whig gain. | nowrap | Whig Party (US) William Cullom (Whig) 55.63% Democratic Party (US)J. J. Southall (Democratic) 44.37%TN - District 08 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626833 Our Campaigns 16 February 2021 |- ! TN 9 X | Isham G. Harris | | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Isham G. Harris (Democratic) 59.47% Whig Party (US)I. G. Hornberger (Whig) 40.53%TN - District 09 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626841 Our Campaigns 16 February 2021 |- ! TN 10 X | Frederick P. Stanton | | Democratic | 1845 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Frederick P. Stanton (Democratic) 51.81% Whig Party (US)Walter S. Coleman (Whig) 48.19%TN - District 10 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626842 Our Campaigns 16 February 2021 |- ! TN 11 X | Christopher H. Williams | | Whig | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Whig Party (US) Christopher H. Williams (Whig) 100%TN - District 11 https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=624539 Our Campaigns 16 February 2021 |} Texas List of United States representatives from Texas Elections were held August 4, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851. |- ! TX 1 X |- ! TX 2 X |} Utah Territory See Non-voting delegates, below. Vermont List of United States representatives from Vermont Elections were held September 3, 1850. VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics https://electionarchive.vermont.gov/ 2024-08-29 VT Elections Database en-US |- ! VT 1 X | William Henry | | Whig | 1846 | | Incumbent retired.Whig hold. | nowrap | First ballot Whig PartyA. P. Lyman (Whig) 31.4% Whig Party (US)Ahiman Louis Miner (Whig) 30.5% Free Soil Party (US)Daniel Roberts Jr. (Free Soil) 27.2% Democratic Party (US)Merritt Clark (Democratic) 10.3% Second ballot Whig Party Ahiman Louis Miner (Whig) 39.2% Whig Party (US)A. P. Lyman (Whig) 37.2% Free Soil Party (US)Daniel Roberts Jr. (Free Soil) 23.6% |- ! VT 2 X | William Hebard | | Whig | 1848 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Whig Party William Hebard (Whig) 55.2% Free Soil Party (US)Jefferson P. Kidder (Free Soil) 42.8% UnknownJ. F. Redfield (Unknown) 0.8% UnknownDaniel Cobb (Unknown) 0.2% |- ! VT 3 X | James Meacham | | Whig | 1849 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Whig Party James Meacham (Whig) 55.4% Free Soil PartyHerman R. Beardsley (Free Soil) 30.1% Democratic Party (US)Giles Harrington (Democratic) 14.4% |- ! VT 4 X | Lucius B. Peck | | 1846 | | Incumbent retired.Free Soil gain. | nowrap | Free Soil Party (US) Thomas Bartlett Jr. (Free Soil) 52.8% Whig PartyBliss N. Davis (Whig) 35.9% |} Virginia List of United States representatives from Virginia Elections were held October 23, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851. Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics https://historical.elections.virginia.gov/ 2024-08-31 Virginia Elections Database en-US |- ! VA 1 X | John Millson | | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John Millson (Democratic) 59.6% Whig PartyLeopold P. C. Cowper (Whig) 40.4% |- ! VA 2 X | Richard Kidder Meade | | 1847 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Richard Kidder Meade (Democratic) 100% |- ! VA 3 X | Thomas H. Averett | | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Thomas H. Averett (Democratic) 57.4% Whig PartyThomas Flournoy (Whig) 42.6% |- ! VA 4 X | Thomas S. Bocock | | 1847 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Thomas S. Bocock (Democratic) 63.5% Whig Party (US)Philip A. Bolling (Whig) 36.5% |- ! VA 5 X | Paulus Powell | | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Paulus Powell (Democratic) 51.5% Whig PartyWilliam L. Goggin (Whig) 48.5% |- ! VA 6 X | James Seddon | | 18451847 (retired)1849 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John Caskie (Democratic) 54.5% Whig PartyJohn Botts (Whig) 45.5% |- ! VA 7 X | Thomas H. Bayly | | 1844 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Thomas H. Bayly (Democratic) 100% |- ! VA 8 X | Alexander Holladay | | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Alexander Holladay (Democratic) 61.3% Whig Party (US)Robert W. Carter (Whig) 38.7% |- ! VA 9 X | Jeremiah Morton | | Ind. Whig | 1849 | | Incumbent lost re-election as a Democrat.Whig gain. | nowrap | Whig Party James F. Strother (Whig) 55.9% Democratic Party (US)Jeremiah Morton (Democratic) 44.1% |- ! VA 10 X | Richard Parker | | 1849 | | Incumbent retired.Whig gain. | nowrap | Whig Party (US) Charles J. Faulkner (Whig) 53.7% Democratic Party (US)Henry Bedinger (Democratic) 46.3% |- ! VA 11 X | James McDowell | | 1846 (special) | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John Letcher (Democratic) 100% |- ! VA 12 X | Henry A. Edmundson | | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Henry A. Edmundson (Democratic) 100% |- ! VA 13 X | Fayette McMullen | | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Fayette McMullen (Democratic) 100% |- ! VA 14 X | James M. H. Beale | | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) James M. H. Beale (Democratic) 58.8% Whig Party (US)[FNU] Smith (Whig) 41.2% |- ! VA 15 X | Thomas Haymond | | Whig | 1849 (special) | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) George W. Thompson (Democratic) 52.5% Whig Party (US)Thomas Haymond (Whig) 47.5% |} Wisconsin List of United States representatives from Wisconsin Elections were held November 5, 1850. Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results http://www.hhh.umn.edu/centers/cspg/research/election_data_archive/pdf/WI_US_House_Election_Results.pdf dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120405132933/http://www.hhh.umn.edu/centers/cspg/research/election_data_archive/pdf/WI_US_House_Election_Results.pdf April 5, 2012 Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs March 8, 2022 Wayback Machine |- ! Wisconsin 1 X | Charles Durkee | | Free Soil | 1848 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Free Soil Party Charles Durkee (Free Soil) 57.4% Democratic Party (US)Andrew E. Elmore (Democratic) 42.6% |- ! Wisconsin 2 X | Orsamus Cole | | Whig | 1848 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Ben C. Eastman (Democratic) 55.8% Whig Party (US)Orsamus Cole (Whig) 44.2% |- ! Wisconsin 3 X | James Duane Doty | | Democratic | 1848 | | Incumbent won re-election as an independent.Independent Democratic gain. | nowrap | Independent Democratic Party (US) James Duane Doty (Ind. Democratic) 67.5% Democratic Party (US)Harrison Carroll Hobart (Democratic) 32.5% |} Non-voting delegates Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives yes |- ! Minnesota Territory AL Minnesota Territory | Henry Hastings Sibley | | Democratic | 1848 (Wis. Territory: special)1849 (Wis. Territory: eliminated)1849 (Minn. Territory) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Henry Hastings Sibley (Democratic) February 2020 |- ! New Mexico Territory AL New Mexico Territory | colspan=3 | New seat | | New seat.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Richard H. Weightman (Democratic) 4,200 votes Whig Party (US)A. W. Reynolds (Whig) 3,458 votesLater from New-Mexico--Murder, and Great Excitement. The New York Times http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1851/11/07/75114906.html?pageNumber=4 October 16, 2020 en |- ! Oregon Territory AL Oregon Territory | Samuel Thurston | | Democratic | 1849 (new seat) | | Incumbent died April 9, 1851.New delegate elected June 2, 1851.Earliest Authorities in Oregon https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Documents/elections/history-officials.pdf Oregon Secretary of State 23Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Joseph Lane (Democratic) May 2020 |- ! Utah Territory AL Utah Territory | colspan=3 | New seat | | New seat.Independent gain. | nowrap | Independent John M. Bernhisel (Independent) May 2020 |} See also 1850 United States elections List of United States House of Representatives elections (1824–1854) 1850–51 United States Senate elections 31st United States Congress 32nd United States Congress Notes References Bibliography Dubin Michael J. https://books.google.com/books?id=9ElyQgAACAAJ&q=United+States+Congressional+Elections,+1788-1997:+The+Official+Results United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses March 1, 1998 McFarland and Company 978-0786402830 Martis Kenneth C. https://books.google.com/books?id=q0hyQgAACAAJ&q=The+Historical+Atlas+of+Political+Parties+in+the+United+States+Congress,+1789-1989 The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989 January 1, 1989 Macmillan Publishing Company 978-0029201701 https://books.google.com/books?id=sKERAQAAMAAJ Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections 1994 Congressional Quarterly Inc. 978-0871879967 Moore John L. Third Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present http://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/ January 21, 2015 Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives External links Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives) Category:John C. Breckinridge