2009 Iranian presidential election

none Citation bot December 2024 Iran presidential 2005 Iranian presidential election 2005 2013 Iranian presidential election 2013 12 June 2009 85.22% ( 25.38pp) Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Cropped.jpg Mahmoud Ahmadinejad e70707 Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran Principlists 24,592,793 63.14% Mir Hossein Mousavi in Zanjan by Mardetanha.jpg Mir-Hossein Mousavi 008000 CCRF Reformists 13,338,121 34.24% President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran 2009 elections district map.png Most voted-for candidate by district Presidential elections were held in Iran on 12 June 2009,Iran To Hold Presidential Election In June 2009 https://www.rferl.org/a/Iran_To_Hold_Presidential_Election_In_June_2009/1196953.html Reuters Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 7 September 2008 2 December 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20081212122148/http://www.rferl.org/content/Iran_To_Hold_Presidential_Election_In_June_2009/1196953.html 12 December 2008 live with incumbent Mahmoud Ahmadinejad running against three challengers. The next morning the Islamic Republic News Agency, Iran's news agency, announced that with two-thirds of the votes counted, Ahmadinejad had won the election with 62% of the votes cast,Ahmadinejad 'set for Iran victory' Al Jazeera English 13 June 2009 13 June 2009 "Doctor Ahmadinejad, by getting a majority of the votes, has become the definite winner of the 10th presidential election," the news agency said. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/06/2009612195749149733.html https://web.archive.org/web/20090614054941/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/06/2009612195749149733.html 14 June 2009 live and that Mir-Hossein Mousavi had received 34% of the votes cast.Both Sides Claim Victory in Presidential Election in Iran The New York Times 13 June 2009 13 June 2009 The election commission said early Saturday morning that, with 78 percent of the votes counted, Mr. Ahmadinejad had won 65 percent and Mr. Mousavi had 32 percent, Reuters reported. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/13/world/middleeast/13iran.html Robert F. Worth Nazila Fathi https://web.archive.org/web/20110923013600/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/13/world/middleeast/13iran.html 23 September 2011 livehttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8098305.stm Ahmadinejad wins Iran presidential election 13 June 2009 BBC News 13 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090613011830/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8098305.stm 13 June 2009 live There were large irregularities in the results and people were surprised by them, which resulted in protests of millions of Iranians, across every Iranian city and around the world and the emergence of the opposition Iranian Green Movement.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/17/iran-protests-day-five London The Guardian Robert Tait Ian Black Mark Tran Iran protests: Fifth day of unrest as regime cracks down on critics 17 June 2009 11 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161221142529/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/17/iran-protests-day-five 21 December 2016 liveAugust 2015 Many Iranian figures directly supported the protests and declared the votes were fraudulent. Among them, many film directors like Jafar Panahihttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7kZiSls1IA https://web.archive.org/web/20150709021616/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7kZiSls1IA dead Jafar Panahi at "33rd Montreal Film Festival" support the Green Movement of IRAN, September 2009 9 July 2015 YouTube (who was consequently banned from making movies for 20 years and condemned to six years imprisonment),http://www.radiozamaneh.com/english/content/iranian-filmmaker-be-honoured-berlin-festival Iranian filmmaker to be honoured in Berlin Festival Radio Zamaneh 19 January 2011 7 November 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120707184725/http://www.radiozamaneh.com/english/content/iranian-filmmaker-be-honoured-berlin-festival 7 July 2012 livehttps://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/dec/24/jafar-panahi-film-iran-prison-banned London The Guardian Hamid Dabashi Jafar Panahi's reward for bringing cinematic glory to Iran? Jail 24 December 2010 11 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161221143156/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/dec/24/jafar-panahi-film-iran-prison-banned 21 December 2016 live Mohammad Rasoulof (also condemned to 6 years imprisonment),https://www.indiewire.com/article/cannes_review_jailed_iranian_filmmaker_mohammad_rasoulof_delivers_in_indict# Jailed Iranian Filmmaker Mohammad Rasoulof Delivers An Indictment With "Goodbye" Indiewire 8 November 2011 7 November 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121022004243/http://www.indiewire.com/article/cannes_review_jailed_iranian_filmmaker_mohammad_rasoulof_delivers_in_indict 22 October 2012 live actors and actresses like Pegah Ahangarani (who was consequently imprisoned),https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/15/iranian-actress-pegah-ahangarani-womens-world-cup London The Guardian Iranian actor arrested en route to women's World Cup 15 July 2011 11 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161218085245/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/15/iranian-actress-pegah-ahangarani-womens-world-cup 18 December 2016 live Ramin Parchami (who was consequently condemned to one year imprisonment),http://www.rahana.org/en/?p=10878 https://web.archive.org/web/20120113111437/http://www.rahana.org/en/?p=10878 dead Actor Ramin Parchami Sentenced to One Year in Prison 13 January 2012 sportsmen like the whole Iran national football team who wore green wristbands in their game against South Korea to support the movement,https://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2009/jun/17/iran-uprising London The Guardian Matthew Weaver Daniel Nasaw Iran protests 17 June 2009 11 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161221143606/https://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2009/jun/17/iran-uprising 21 December 2016 livehttp://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/06/17/iran.football.team/ https://web.archive.org/web/20120121104519/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/06/17/iran.football.team/ dead Iran's soccer team wears symbolic green bands – CNN.com 21 January 2012 CNN scholars like Mostafa Tajzadeh, Mohsen Aminzadeh, Akbar Ganji, Mohsen Sazegara, many religious figures like Mohsen Kadivar, Grand Ayatollah Yousef Saanei, Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Mohammad Dastgheib Shirazi, traditional singers like Mohammad Reza Shajarian, defected Basij and Iranian Revolutionary Guards like Amir Farshad Ebrahimi and those who confessed with covered faces.https://www.channel4.com/news/iran-militia-man-i-hope-god-forgives-me https://web.archive.org/web/20120222180801/http://www.channel4.com/news/iran-militia-man-i-hope-god-forgives-me dead Iran militia man: 'I hope God forgives me' 16 December 2009 22 February 2012 Channel 4 Newshttps://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2010/jun/11/iran-revolutionary-guard-defectors https://web.archive.org/web/20161221142228/https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2010/jun/11/iran-revolutionary-guard-defectors dead Former elite officers in Revolutionary Guard reveal increasing tensions in Iran regime 10 June 2010 21 December 2016 The Guardian The European Union and several western countries expressed concern over alleged irregularities during the vote,Defeated Iranian reformist Mir-Hossein Mousavi calls for more protest against Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Colin Freeman David Blair https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/5533782/Defeated-Iranian-reformist-Mir-Hossein-Mousavi-calls-for-more-protest-against-Mahmoud-Ahmadinejad.html 14 June 2009 14 June 2009 The Daily Telegraph London https://web.archive.org/web/20090617034727/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/5533782/Defeated-Iranian-reformist-Mir-Hossein-Mousavi-calls-for-more-protest-against-Mahmoud-Ahmadinejad.html 17 June 2009 live and many analysts and journalists from the United States and United Kingdom news media voiced doubts about the authenticity of the results.http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/06/13/official-obama-administration-skeptical-irans-election-results/ https://web.archive.org/web/20090616120332/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/06/13/official-obama-administration-skeptical-irans-election-results/ 16 June 2009 Official: Obama Administration Skeptical of Iran's Election Results Fox News 13 June 2009 13 June 2009 dead Colin Freeman https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/5526721/Iran-elections-revolt-as-crowds-protest-at-Mahmoud-Ahmadinejads-rigged-victory.html Iran elections: revolt as crowds protest at Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's 'rigged' victory The Daily Telegraph 12 June 2009 12 June 2009 London https://web.archive.org/web/20090616162022/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/5526721/Iran-elections-revolt-as-crowds-protest-at-Mahmoud-Ahmadinejads-rigged-victory.html 16 June 2009 livehttps://www.reuters.com/article/newsMaps/idUSTRE55C0W620090613 Instant View: Iran's election result staggers analysts Reuters 9 February 2009 13 June 2009 Alistair Lyon https://web.archive.org/web/20090616104935/http://www.reuters.com/article/newsMaps/idUSTRE55C0W620090613 16 June 2009 live Mousavi issued a statement accusing the Interior Ministry, which was responsible for conducting the election, of widespread election fraud and urged his supporters to engage in peaceful protests. He also lodged an official appeal with the Guardian Council for new and more transparent elections. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei urged the nation to unite behind Ahmadinejad, labeling his victory as a "divine assessment".Election Battles Turn into Street Fights in Iran ABC News United States https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=7830630 13 June 2009 13 June 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090616044520/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=7830630 16 June 2009 Khamenei then announced there would be an investigation into vote-rigging claims.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/15/iran-opposition-rally-banned-mousavi Iranians march in protest at Ahmadinejad re-election Ian Black Vikram Dodd Matthew Weaver The Guardian 15 June 2009 15 June 2009 London https://web.archive.org/web/20130906193843/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/15/iran-opposition-rally-banned-mousavi 6 September 2013 live On 16 June, the Guardian Council announced it would recount 10% of the votes and concluded there were no irregularities at all, dismissing all election complaints.https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2009-06-29-voa6-68692667/356183.html Iran Confirms Ahmadinejad Win After Partial Vote Recount VOA 29 June 2009 25 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101124170317/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2009-06-29-voa6-68692667.html 24 November 2010 livehttp://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P2-20479751.html Iran's Guardian Council Affirms Vote Result; Recount of 10 Percent of Ballot Boxes Certifies Landslide Victory by Ahmadinejad Encyclopedia.com 30 June 2009 25 August 2010 However, Mousavi stated that a recount would not be sufficient since he claimed 14 million unused ballots were missing, giving the Interior Ministry an opportunity to manipulate the results.http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/06/16/iran.elections.protests/index.html Rival demonstrations fill Tehran streets CNN 16 June 2009 16 June 2009 Octavia Nasr Reza Sayah Samson Desta https://web.archive.org/web/20090617221240/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/06/16/iran.elections.protests/index.html 17 June 2009 live On 19 June, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei denounced the pro-Mousavi demonstrations as illegal,Amnesty says up to 10 dead in Iran protests https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hmI8SkGap6fUGvyrbGIRk5oKCA9Q 19 June 2009 Agence France-Presse 19 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090709062841/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hmI8SkGap6fUGvyrbGIRk5oKCA9Q 9 July 2009 dead and protests the next day were met with stiff resistance from government forces, with many reported deaths.Iran police 'use gas' on protesters http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/06/2009620132648106415.html 20 June 2009 Al Jazeera 20 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090623033422/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/06/2009620132648106415.html 23 June 2009 live The Green Movement of Iran continued its peaceful protests until 14 February 2011 and radicalized itself demanding a total regime change and departure of Khamenei from power.https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_iran_bahman_protest_arjomand_reaxon https://web.archive.org/web/20120224104316/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_iran_bahman_protest_arjomand_reaxon.shtml dead BBC فارسی – ايران – مشاور موسوی: ۲۵ بهمن یک پیروزی بزرگ بود 24 February 2012 BBC Background Ahmadinejad became President of Iran after the 2005 election. The losing candidates at that time claimed irregularities at the polls, but the charges were not investigated. A formal protest to the Guardian Council was made and the group dismissed it without comment.NPR 15 June 2009 15 June 2009 Protester Killed After Opposition Rally in Iran https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=105394655 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090618072613/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=105394655 18 June 2009 His victory had surprised most observers of the campaign. At that time the reformist camp had mostly either boycotted elections entirely or held back out of disillusionment with past lack of progress.http://www.juancole.com/2009/06/class-v-culture-wars-in-iranian.html Class v. Culture Wars in Iranian Elections: Rejecting Charges of a North Tehran Fallacy Cole Juan 14 June 2009 Informed Comment 14 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090616213213/http://www.juancole.com/2009/06/class-v-culture-wars-in-iranian.html 16 June 2009 live The voting for the 2009 election was scheduled for 12 June 2009 and ended up being extended until midnight that day because the turnout was unexpectedly high.Mohamad Bazzi https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2009/06/12/DI2009061202321.html Iran Elections: Latest News 13 June 2009 The Washington Post 12 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20101205102852/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2009/06/12/DI2009061202321.html 5 December 2010 live Voting ended up proceeding four hours longer than originally scheduled. The president is elected by direct vote; however, candidates for the presidency must be approved by the 12-member Council of Guardians. Candidates need to win a majority (more than half) to become president. Iran has a two-round system: if none of the candidates wins the majority in the first round, the top two candidates will go to a run-off. The first round was held on 12 June 2009; the run-off would have been held one week later, on 19 June 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8094296.stm Ahmadinejad courts a divided Iran BBC News 11 June 2009 11 June 2009 Jon Leyne https://web.archive.org/web/20090612222330/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8094296.stm 12 June 2009 live All Iranian citizens of age 18 and up are eligible to vote. Both the Iranian Center for Statistics and the Iranian Ministry of the Interior stated that there were around 46.2 million eligible voters.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8081440.stm Q & A: Iran's presidential election BBC News 9 June 2009 12 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090929233423/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8081440.stm 29 September 2009 live Candidates On 20 May 2009, the Guardian Council officially announced a list of approved candidates, while rejecting a number of registered nominees.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8058884.stm Iran approves main presidential candidates BBC News 20 May 2009 29 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090523113742/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8058884.stm 23 May 2009 live Only four candidates were approved by the Guardian Council, out of the 476 men and women who had applied to seek the presidency of Iran in the 2009 election.Aresu Eqbali Iranian women need more rights: candidate's wife https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jDD9Q1xNs5VIqwgzYINkyU2y5Upg Agence France-Presse 29 May 2009 25 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20120525164945/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jDD9Q1xNs5VIqwgzYINkyU2y5Upg 25 May 2012 dead Approved candidates ConservativesDecember 2010 Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, incumbent Mohsen Rezaee, former Commander of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard and current secretary of the Expediency Council. Supported by the Islamic Society of Engineers ReformistsDecember 2010 Mehdi Karroubi, former Speaker of the Majlis Mir-Hossein Mousavi, the last Prime Minister of Iran (Campaign) Rejected candidates Conservatives Rafat Bayat, female Majlis representative from Zanjanhttp://tabnak.ir/fa/pages/?cid=47070 رفعت بيات: معاون اول من يک زن خواهد بود Tabnak 29 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090513014241/http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/pages/?cid=47070 13 May 2009 dead Independents Akbar Alami, former Majlis representative from Tabrizhttp://tabnak.ir/pages/?cid=40149 اكبر اعلمي اعلام كانديداتوري كرد Tabnak 29 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090414151604/http://www.tabnak.ir/pages/?cid=40149 14 April 2009 dead Ghasem Sholeh-Saadi, former Majlis representativehttp://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=8712160325 شعله‌سعدي: تداركاتچي ها ملت را به عقب بازمي گردانند Fars News 29 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090309155329/http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=8712160325 9 March 2009 live Withdrawn candidates Mohammad Khatami, former President of Iran, endorsed Mousavi. (See article on Khatami presidential campaign for details.)https://www.rferl.org/a/Khatami_Pulls_Out_of_Presidential_Race_Backs_Another_Reformist_Candidate/1511548.html Khatami Pulls Out of Presidential Race, Backs Another Reformist Candidate 17 March 2009 10 May 2009 Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Farangis Najibullah https://web.archive.org/web/20090507120406/http://www.rferl.org/content/Khatami_Pulls_Out_of_Presidential_Race_Backs_Another_Reformist_Candidate/1511548.html 7 May 2009 live Declined candidates The following people were said to be possible candidates in the election, but did not register within the five days allowed for registration.http://www.tiknews.net/display/?ID=41680&page=1 Tik News Tik News 29 May 2009 20 March 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200320051342/http://www.tiknews.net/display/?ID=41680&page=1 dead Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former president and chairman of the Assembly of Experts, would have been over 75 years old on the election day and therefore ineligible to run by election law. Conservatives Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Mayor of Tehranhttp://www2.irna.com/fa/news/view/menu-234/8802016003135943.htm قالیباف احتمال کاندیداتوری انتخابات و ریاست صدا و سیما را تکذیب کرد Islamic Republic News Agency 29 May 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090630023236/http://www2.irna.com/fa/news/view/menu-234/8802016003135943.htm 30 June 2009 Ali Larijani, speaker of the Majlis Mostafa Pour Mohammadi, former Minister of the InteriorBehnegarsoft.com http://www.fararu.com/vdch66ni.23nzwdftt2.html پايگاه خبری تحليلی فرارو – روایت پورمحمدي از ماجراهاي آذر 77 و قتل هاي زنجيره يي Fararu 29 May 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090513025255/http://www.fararu.com/vdch66ni.23nzwdftt2.html 13 May 2009 Ali Akbar Velayati, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1981–97Khamenei's 'aide rules out presidential run' http://www.metimes.com/Politics/2008/10/26/khameneis_aide_rules_out_presidential_run/afp/ Agence France-Presse Middle East Times 26 October 2008 2 December 2008 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090515132440/http://www.metimes.com/Politics/2008/10/26/khameneis_aide_rules_out_presidential_run/afp 15 May 2009 Reformists Mohammad Reza Aref, former First Vice President Masoumeh Ebtekarمعصومه ابتكار نامزد انتخابات دهم مي‌شود https://web.archive.org/web/20110710193825/http://www.entekhabnews.com/portal/index.php?news=2691 10 July 2011 , Entekhab News (انتخاب) ۲۳ فروردین ۱۳۸۸http://greenebtekar.persianblog.ir/post/292/ ابتكار سبز >> حمایت از میرحسین موسوی به جای کاندیداتوری Greenebtekar.persianblog.ir 29 May 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090515111930/http://greenebtekar.persianblog.ir/post/292 15 May 2009 Abdollah Nouri, former Minister of Interior, former Speaker of Tehran City CouncilRubin Michael 31 July 2008 2 December 2008 Iran News Round Up National Review Online http://corner.nationalreview.com/post/?q=MzkzNGQwNjA3MGI1ODY4NGE5OTY2ZGI3MWIyZDNjMzI= https://web.archive.org/web/20080827060258/http://corner.nationalreview.com/post/?q=MzkzNGQwNjA3MGI1ODY4NGE5OTY2ZGI3MWIyZDNjMzI= 27 August 2008 dead Campaign Background Mir-Hossein Mousavi 2009 presidential campaign Domestic criticism of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Major events in the Iranian reform movement The incumbent was Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. The Iranian reform movement attempted to unite behind a single candidate; former president Mohammad Khatami was the leading opponent to Ahmadinejad in some opinion polls, until he withdrew and endorsed former prime minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi.https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/17/AR2009031701522.html Khatami Pulls Out of Presidential Race The Washington Post Thomas Erdbrink 18 March 2009 18 March 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20121109150138/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/17/AR2009031701522.html 9 November 2012 live Former Speaker of the Majlis Mehdi Karroubi, another Reformist, was also running; as was the former commander of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard, Mohsen Rezaee, a conservative with a reputation for political pragmatism. The election marked a return to public spotlight for Mousavi, who had not received much attention since he served as Prime Minister in the 1980s. Reformist opinions galvanized around him as the election grew nearer. He became the symbol for a groundswell of youthful democratic sentiment, despite his personal background and political views.https://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2009/06/laura-secor-irans-stolen-election.html The New Yorker Iran's Stolen Election 14 June 2009 13 June 2009 Laura Secor https://web.archive.org/web/20090615170430/http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2009/06/laura-secor-irans-stolen-election.html 15 June 2009 live The Telegraph described the campaign as "unusually open by Iranian standards, but also highly acrimonious". It was marked by heated rhetoric between the incumbent and his challengers. Mousavi and two other candidates said Ahmadinejad lied about the state of the economy, which was suffering from high inflation and a fall in oil revenues from last year's record levels. Ahmadinejad responded by comparing his opponents to Adolf Hitler, adding they could be jailed for their comments: "No one has the right to insult the president, and they did it. And this is a crime. The person who insulted the president should be punished, and the punishment is jail ... Such insults and accusations against the government are a return to Hitler's methods, to repeat lies and accusations ... until everyone believes those lies".https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1091820.html Ahmadinejad calls rival Iran candidates 'Hitler' Haaretz 13 June 2009 13 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090613033450/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1091820.html 13 June 2009 dead Debates about the economy played the biggest role in the campaign, with the global economic recession looming in peoples' minds. About one in five Iranians lived under the poverty line, inflation was about 25% and unemployment over 12.5 percent (some unofficial estimates reported 30%). Mousavi advocated further privatisation of the economy towards a free market, with a tight monetary policy in comparison to Ahmadinejad's populist fiscal policy. Ahmadinejad's measures to fight poverty were a central issue of his campaign. Mousavi drew his electoral base from the middle and upper classes, while Ahmadinejad drew support from the urban poor and rural residents. Civil servants, police officers, pensioners and others dependent on the government, also contributed to Ahmadinejad's base. He turned the financial support of the business class opposing him into a theme of attack. BBC News described his campaign as "one that foresees the death of capitalism". Mousavi criticized Ahmadinejad for diplomatically isolating Iran by denying the Holocaust and making anti western speeches. He opposed the government's current strict enforcement of Islamic dress and social behavior,Reuters Parisa Hafezi FACTBOX: Issues in Iran's presidential election race https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE55A0SX20090611 11 June 2009 13 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090624023354/http://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE55A0SX20090611 24 June 2009 live calling for an end to the regime's 'Vice Police'. He advocated letting private individuals and groups own Iranian media. Both candidates strongly supported further development of the Iranian nuclear program. However, Mousavi advocated a less combative and tense tone with other nations about it. He floated the idea of an international consortium overseeing uranium enrichment in Iran.https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-iran-erupts-as-voters-back-the-democrator-1704810.html Robert Fisk The Independent London Iran erupts as voters back 'the Democrator' 14 June 2009 14 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090616063614/http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-iran-erupts-as-voters-back-the-democrator-1704810.html 16 June 2009 live The BBC stated about Mousavi: "[i]n foreign affairs, he seems to be offering little change on major issues". Council on Foreign Relations Senior Fellow, Mohamad Bazzi, stated: "if Mousavi wins, it could create a new opening for dialogue with the United States. Ahmadinejad's continued presence would be a major obstacle". Robert Fisk also remarked a Mousavi victory would mean closer ties with the U.S. The campaign was the most expensive in the Islamic Republic's history, with the two main candidates spending over tens of millions of dollars in a bid to convince voters. Funds were spent on, among other things, mass distribution of digital propaganda such as CDs and DVDs. Another interesting phenomenon taking place during the campaign was a dramatic rise in text messages sent to Iranian cell phone subscribers – between 60  and 110 million.Doron Peskin http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3730357,00.html Iranian election campaign costs millions Yedioth Ahronoth 13 June 2009 13 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090615091511/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3730357,00.html 15 June 2009 live Mousavi adopted the traditional Islamic color of green as his campaign theme. Young male supporters wore green ribbons tied around their wrists and young female supporters wore green headscarves. Activists used the term 'change' as their primary slogan, chanting "green change for Iran", "together for change" and "vote for change". Debates From 2 to 8 June 2009 Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting reported nightly debates on TV channel IRIB 3 between two candidates at a time, with each candidate facing the others once. This was the first time Iran had held televised debates between candidates. http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=195882 Karroubi: Debates can prove who is qualified for president Tehran Times 2 June 2009 11 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20110614084512/http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=195882 14 June 2011 live Each debate lasted for around one and a half hours. During the debate on 3 June between President Ahmadinejad and reformist rival, former prime minister Mousavi, Ahmadinejad made accusations regarding former presidents Mohammad Khatami and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and the Iranian revolution. Rafsanjani responded to these charges on 9 June in an open letter to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei requesting that he stepped in to rebuke Ahmadinejad for his comments at the debate.https://www.rferl.org/a/In_Iran_The_Election_Is_Being_Televised/1752228.html In Iran, The Election Is Being Televised 11 June 2009 Rasool Nafisi Radio Free Europe 11 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090614091904/http://www.rferl.org/content/In_Iran_The_Election_Is_Being_Televised/1752228.html 14 June 2009 live http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=196368 Rafsanjani reacts to allegations Tehran Times 10 June 2009 11 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090611072625/http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=196368 11 June 2009 live Endorsements Organization Coalition CandidateIslamic Coalition PartyFront of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the LeaderMahmoud AhmadinejadSociety of Devotees of the Islamic RevolutionIslamic Society of WorkersIslamic Society of EngineersFollowers of Islamic Revolution SocietyIslamic Revolution fraction (parliamentary group)Nasrin Vaziri Ahmadinejad, the best choice of a candidate for fundamentalists 24 March 2009 https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/5539/Ahmadinejad-the-best-choice-of-a-candidate-for-fundamentalists Khabaronline https://web.archive.org/web/20191231210912/https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/5539/Ahmadinejad-the-best-choice-of-a-candidate-for-fundamentalists 11 December 2016 31 December 2019 liveAssociation of Combatant ClericsCouncil for Coordinating the Reforms Front19 April 2009 Reformist Coordination Council Backs Mousavi http://www1.jamejamonline.ir/newstext.aspx?newsnum=100904585211 28 September 2015 Jaam-e-Jame 100904585211January 2020 InternetArchiveBot yesMir-Hossein MousaviExecutives of Construction PartyIslamic Iran Participation FrontMojahedin of the Islamic Revolution OrganizationIslamic Iran Solidarity PartyModeration and Development PartyParty leader wants debates among candidates' representatives 30 May 2009 http://en.mehrnews.com/news/34017/Party-leader-wants-debates-among-candidates-representatives Mehr News Agency https://web.archive.org/web/20170518103836/http://en.mehrnews.com/news/34017/Party-leader-wants-debates-among-candidates-representatives 24 November 2016 18 May 2017 liveDevelopment and Justice PartyThe Front of Unity of Islamic Iranhttps://www.ndi.org/es/node/5495 Presidential Candidates National Democratic Institute 21 May 2009 8 June 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170826071114/https://www.ndi.org/es/node/5495 26 August 2017 deadMohsen RezaeeNational Trust Partyhttps://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/05/the-candidates.html The Candidates Tehran Bureau 5 May 2009 8 June 2017 Muhammad Sahimi https://web.archive.org/web/20170618132244/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/05/the-candidates.html 18 June 2017 liveMehdi Karrubi Polling The opinion polls within Iran were considered unreliable.http://www.daal.ir/2009/05/341.php جستارها و گفتارهای حسین قاضیان انتخابات 88؛ نظرسنجی‌‌ها و راهبردها Daal 31 August 2008 29 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090530000026/http://www.daal.ir/2009/05/341.php 30 May 2009 deadhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2009/06/090611_ra_ir88_polls_election.shtml نظرسنجی های انتخاباتی: ساختگی یا واقعی؟ BBC Persian 20 December 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20130705070114/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2009/06/090611_ra_ir88_polls_election.shtml 5 July 2013 live A number of polls conducted between relatively small voting groups, like university students and workers, were reported as election propaganda. More general polls reported in the media did not state the polling organization nor the basic facts about the methodology. The results showed a high variance and depend heavily on who was reporting the poll. In 2002, the polling organization Ayandeh and another polling organization was closed and its directors were arrested.http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2398329.stm Leading Iranian reformist 'arrested' BBC 4 November 2002 29 May 2009 Jim Muir https://web.archive.org/web/20060827160635/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2398329.stm 27 August 2006 live The director of Ayandeh, Abbas Abdi, spent several years in prison.http://www.ifex.org/iran/2004/01/13/eleven_jailed_journalists_start/ Eleven jailed journalists start new year in harsh prison conditions Reporters Without Borders 29 May 2009 13 January 2004 https://web.archive.org/web/20090629231906/http://www.ifex.org/iran/2004/01/13/eleven_jailed_journalists_start/ 29 June 2009 live Mousavi's and Karroubi's campaign posters in Tehran claimed that a high turnout would reduce Ahmadinejad's chance of winning the election. Karroubi's campaign manager, Gholamhossein Karbaschi, claimed that the chance of Ahmadinejad losing the election would be over 65 percent if over 32 million people voted, but less than 35 percent if less than 27 million people voted.Ali Akbar Dareini Iran reformists hope for high election turnout 22 May 2009 Associated Press http://www.newsobserver.com/1635/story/1538805.html 30 May 2009 https://www.webcitation.org/5hAJtahRw?url=http://www.newsobserver.com/1635/story/1538805.html 30 May 2009 dead An independent poll, conducted by Terror Free Tomorrow: The Center for Public Opinion, a nonprofit institute that researches attitudes toward extremism, found that Ahmadinejad was leading by a margin of 2 to 1. 34% said they would vote for Ahmadinejad, 14% favored Mousavi, 2% favored Karroubi, 1% favored Rezaee and 27% were undecided. The poll was taken from 11 to 20 May. The poll was carried out by a company whose work for ABC News and the BBC in the Middle East has received an Emmy award. Polling itself was funded by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund. Writing in The Washington Post, pollsters Ken Ballen and Patrick Doherty have used this to suggest that Ahmadinejad's apparent victory might reflect the will of the Iranian people.Ken Ballen and Patrick Doherty The Iranian People Speak https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/14/AR2009061401757.html The Washington Post 15 June 2009 22 August 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170916171903/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/14/AR2009061401757.html 16 September 2017 live The poll was quoted by Reuters,Pre-election Iranian poll showed Ahmadinejad support http://in.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idINN1519237220090615 Reuters 15 June 2009 15 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090625162803/http://in.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idINN1519237220090615 25 June 2009 dead Khaleej TimesPre-election Iranian poll showed Ahmadinejad support http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?col=&section=middleeast&xfile=data/middleeast/2009/June/middleeast_June445.xml Khaleej Times dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110608223938/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?col=&section=middleeast&xfile=data%2Fmiddleeast%2F2009%2FJune%2Fmiddleeast_June445.xml 8 June 2011 and Jim Muir of BBC News.Will Iran's Protests succeed? http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8101841.stm BBC News Jim Muir 15 June 2009 5 May 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20090618111053/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8101841.stm 18 June 2009 live However, the Irish Times, while quoting the poll, also pointed out that it was taken three weeks before the election, and electoral campaigning in Iran is only allowed for a period of 30 days prior to the election date, which means this poll was conducted only one week into the campaigning.Thousands of Mousavi supporters defy march ban https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2009/0615/breaking7.htm https://archive.today/20130126120646/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2009/0615/breaking7.htm dead 26 January 2013 The Irish Times 6 June 2009 Another critic of the poll, Mansoor Moaddel, pointed out that of "1,731 people contacted [by the poll], well over half either refused to participate (42.2%) or did not indicate a preferred candidate (15.6%)."http://www.juancole.com/2009/06/iran-election-fraud-moaddel-on-ballen.html Iran Election Fraud: Moaddel on Ballen and Doherty Juancole 18 June 2009 17 November 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20110304160302/http://www.juancole.com/2009/06/iran-election-fraud-moaddel-on-ballen.html 4 March 2011 live For comparison, the average response rate in US for such telephonic surveys does not exceed 30%,Howard Cincotta http://www.america.gov/st/usg-english/2007/November/20071113154038attocnich0.7833979.html America America 17 November 2010 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20101122061032/http://www.america.gov/st/usg-english/2007/November/20071113154038attocnich0.7833979.html 22 November 2010 while the minimum response rate for an opinion poll to be considered scientific by many leading academic journals is 50%.http://www.pollingreport.com/ht_online.htm Case for Online Polls Polling Report 15 January 2007 17 November 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101127192334/http://pollingreport.com/ht_online.htm 27 November 2010 livehttp://cfcj-fcjc.org/docs/2006/cjsp-confidence-en.pdf Public Confidence and the Civil Justice System: What do we know about the issues? 2006 17 November 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20110725133729/http://cfcj-fcjc.org/docs/2006/cjsp-confidence-en.pdf 25 July 2011 dead A post-election national poll was conducted in late August and early September 2009 by the American polling agency, World Public Opinion, which is affiliated with the University of Maryland. Of the initial 46% respondents of the poll, 27% did not state their chosen candidate, 55% said that they had voted for Ahmadinejad. Both Mr Karroubi and Mr Rezai received minimal support. 87% of respondents replied that they had voted compared to 85% according to the official figures, which is within the margin of error provided. Also, the survey found that 62% of Iranians had "strong confidence" in the election result whilst 64% expressed a similar feeling towards the incumbent president. This finding almost exactly matches up with the proportion of the vote that Ahmadinejad received.http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/pdf/sep09/IranUS_Sep09_quaire.pdf World Public Opinion 17 November 2010 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110523232538/http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/pdf/sep09/IranUS_Sep09_quaire.pdf 23 May 2011 Polls by Western Organizations Polling organisation Date Poll details CandidateMahmoud AhmadinejadMehdi KarroubiMir-Hossein MousaviMohsen RezaeeNew America Foundationhttp://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Iran%20Survey%20Report%200609.pdf New America Foundation Poll dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130723044939/http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Iran%20Survey%20Report%200609.pdf 23 July 2013 , (see p.8) 11–20 May 2009Nationwide; 1001 people, error margin +/-3.1% (27% undecided); (59% satisfied, 23% unsatisfied)34%2%14%1% Global Scanhttp://www.charneyresearch.com/docs/2010dec8_prs_iran_poll_for_ipi_policyforum.ppt International Peace Institute With Charney Research presentation https://web.archive.org/web/20110708135622/http://www.charneyresearch.com/docs/2010Dec8_PRS_Iran_Poll_for_IPI_PolicyForum.ppt 8 July 2011 dead (see p. 19) June 2009 reported by International Peace Institute and Charney Research56%32% University of Maryland June 2009 reported by International Peace Institute and Charney Research61%37%WPO (World Public Opinion)http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/pdf/sep09/IranUS_Sep09_quaire.pdf Poll 9 September dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120225030539/http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/pdf/sep09/IranUS_Sep09_quaire.pdf 25 February 2012 9 September 2009Post-election national poll;1003 respondents in 30 provinces55%1%14%3%WPO (World Public Opinion)On behalf of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund and the Calvert Foundationhttp://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/pdf/sep09/IranUS_Sep09_rpt.pdf Iranian Public on Current Issues World Public Opinion 3 October 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20091009112325/http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/pdf/sep09/IranUS_Sep09_rpt.pdf 9 October 2009 27 August – 10 September 2009Nationwide; stratified using provincial telephone area codes with random number generation. Around 83% of respondents reported some (21%) or a high level (62%) of confidence in the declared election results, while 13% percent reported little or no confidence in the results.55% 49% (if new election held)Unknown14%13% (if new election held)Unknown Charney Research 30 August – 7 September 2010 Nationwide, error margin +/-3.5%, (the governments crackdown on post-election protests: 59% was correct, 19% went too far, 10% refused to answer).58%36% Polls by Iranian Organizations Polling organisation Date Poll details CandidateMahmoud AhmadinejadMehdi KarroubiMir-Hossein MousaviMohsen RezaeeRahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak5 March 2009 Nationwide44%7%13%0%Worker's Statistical Institutehttp://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Politics/?id=3.0.3197293953 Iran: Worker poll puts reformist presidential candidate ahead Adnkronos International 7 April 2003 29 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090623070820/http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Politics/?id=3.0.3197293953 23 June 2009 livelate March 2009Nationwide survey of workers36%8%52%UnknownRahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak4 April 2009 Nationwide40%8%24%1%GovernmentAugust 2021before 3 May 2009Unknown54% (45% in Tehran)Unknown22% (29% in Tehran)UnknownAugust 20213 May 2009 – 4 May 200962 cities59%22%Rahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak5 May 2009 Nationwide38%12%32%15%Etemad-e-MelliAugust 2021before 13 May 20091st2nd3rd4threported by Ayandeh NewsAugust 2021before 26 May 200910 major cities34%Unknown38%Unknownreported by Ghalamnews(official Mousavi website)http://ghalamnews.ir/news-18999.aspx Mousavi's votes are increasing and Ahmadinejad's votes decrease Ghalamnews dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090607134425/http://www.ghalamnews.ir/news-18999.aspx 7 June 2009before 27 May 2009 1650 people on Ghalamnews35%54%ISPA (Iranian Students Polling Association)http://www.ispa.ir/ Poll 29 May 15 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090205112229/http://ispa.ir/ 5 February 2009 live 29 May 2009National, 11,285 people54.84.721.32.6Young Journalists Club (IRIB affiliated)August 2021before 30 May 2009Nationwide; 30,000 people1st, with "considerable lead over Karroubi"2nd3rd4thBaznevis, reported by TabnakNationwide; 77,058 people33%3%36%27%Aftab News, reported by Tabnakhttp://www.tabnak.ir/fa/pages/?cid=50100 وضعیت نامزدهای انتخاباتی در نتایج یک نظرسنجی Tabnak 31 May 2009 1 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090605063319/http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/pages/?cid=50100 5 June 2009 dead , from bar graphNationwide; 18,391 people; (Who will you not vote for?)28%7%62%4%Rahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak31 May 2009 Nationwide32%6%36%27%August 2021before 1 June 2009major cities53%Unknown36%UnknownRahbord e Danesh, reported by Tabnakhttp://www.tabnak.ir/fa/pages/?cid=51299 Rahbord e Danesh Poll Khordad 13 10 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090627090238/http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/pages/?cid=51299 27 June 2009 deadbefore 3 June 2009 1743 peopleKhozestan, Tehran (1,3,4,14,15,22), Eastern Azarbaijan, Gilan, Middle and South Khorasan29.5%7.5%37.5%25.2%reported by ILNAhttp://www.ilna.ir/newsText.aspx?ID=59037 ميرحسين موسوي با 54 درصد در دور اول انتخابات پيروز خواهد شد dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090611014802/http://www.ilna.ir/newsText.aspx?ID=59037 11 June 2009 before 5 June 2009 Nationwide 300,000 people24.61%10.72%54.53%10.14%alleged secret Iranian government funded polls, leaked by Newsweekhttp://www.newsweek.com/id/200960 Secret Poll Shows Voters Turn Against Ahmadinejad Bahari Maziyar 16 June 2009 Newsweek 16 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090611051509/http://www.newsweek.com/id/200960 11 June 2009 livebefore 6 June 2009nationwide6–8 millionUnknown16–18 millionUnknownIRIB, reported by Alefhttp://alef.ir/1388/content/view/47404/ IRIB Poll 8 June 11 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090620210502/http://alef.ir/1388/content/view/47404/ 20 June 2009 dead before 7 June 2009more than 16,000 people, 30 major cities in each Province62.725.7reported by Alefhttp://alef.ir/1388/content/view/47404/ Poll 8 June reported by Alef 11 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090620210502/http://alef.ir/1388/content/view/47404/ 20 June 2009 dead before 8 June 2009Major cities61.728reported by Rooz Onlinehttp://www.roozonline.com/persian/opinion/opinion-article/article/2009/june/08//-a2239d36f0.html Roozonline Poll Khordad 19 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090612062527/http://www.roozonline.com/persian/opinion/opinion-article/article/2009/june/08/-a2239d36f0.html 12 June 2009 before 9 June 2009Nationwide; 7900 people23%54%–57%Rahbord e Danesh, reported by Tabnakhttp://www.tabnak.ir/fa/pages/?cid=51299 Rahbord e Danesh Poll Khordad 19 10 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090627090238/http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/pages/?cid=51299 27 June 2009 dead 1743 peopleKhozestan, Tehran (1,3,4,14,15,22), Eastern Azarbaijan, Gilan, Middle and South Khorasan25.5%6.1%37.6%30.8%ISPA (Iranian Students Polling Association)http://www.ispa.ir/ Poll 10 June 15 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090205112229/http://ispa.ir/ 5 February 2009 live 10 June 2009National47Unknown31Unknown Conduct 200px|thumb|right|Two screenshots from IRINN, Iranian state-run television illustrating the apparent decrease in votes for candidate Mohsen Rezaee over a four-hour period. The upper picture shows Rezaee with 633,048 votes at 09:47; the lower shows the same candidate with 587,913 votes at 13:53 later that day. Mohsen Rezaee's official website published the screenshots and stated that never during the vote-counting in Iran had the counted votes of candidates dropped.http://www.rezaee.ir/fa/pages/?cid=8521 Gradual loss of Rezaee's Votes in IRINN TV Rezaee 20 June 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090620151851/http://www.rezaee.ir/fa/pages/?cid=8521 20 June 2009 Pre-election violence On 1 June, a campaign office of Ahmadinejad's primary opponent, Mir-Hossein Mousavi, was torched. The office was located in the city of Qom. No group claimed responsibility for the attack. At the same time, it was reported that an assassination had been attempted against former president Mohammad Khatami by means of a bomb placed on an aircraft he was to board.http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1243872316573&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Violence mars Iranian election campaign The Jerusalem Post 2 June 2009 13 June 2009 Blocking of communications Mobile phone communications were interrupted in Tehran on election day and the BBC has stated that "heavy electronic jamming" was being used to halt their broadcasts.Hafezi Parisa https://ottawacitizen.com/news/Mousavi+seeks+overturn+Iran+election+result/1695058/story.html Mousavi supporters call protest rally in Tehran Ottawa Citizen 14 June 2009 20 June 2009September 2017 InternetArchiveBot yes On 23 May 2009, the Iranian government temporarily blocked access to Facebook across the country. Gulf News reported that this move was a response to the use of Facebook by candidates running against Ahmadinejad.Iran blocks access to Facebook: report 24 May 2009 Gulf News http://www.gulfnews.com/region/Iran/10316413.html 25 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090527015635/http://www.gulfnews.com/region/Iran/10316413.html 27 May 2009 live PC World reported that Mousavi's Facebook page had more than 6,600 supporters.Facebook Blocked in Iran Ahead of Elections PC World http://www.pcworld.com/article/165448/facebook_blocked_in_iran_ahead_of_elections.html 26 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090526110826/http://www.pcworld.com/article/165448/facebook_blocked_in_iran_ahead_of_elections.html 26 May 2009 live Access was restored by 26 May 2009.Iran restores access to Facebook, days after blocking the site Associated Press http://technology.canoe.com/2009/05/26/9576876-ap.html 27 April 2009 April 2026 medicmedic Alleged vote rigging or coup attempt The New York Times quoted an unnamed employee of the Interior Ministry claiming that "the government had been preparing its fraud for weeks, purging anyone of doubtful loyalty and importing pliable staff members from around the country."https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/14/world/middleeast/14memo.html Bill Keller Reverberations as Door Slams on Hope of Change The New York Times 13 June 2009 13 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090731224500/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/14/world/middleeast/14memo.html 31 July 2009 live The New Yorker stated that "dissident employees of the Interior Ministry... have reportedly issued an open letter" saying that the election was stolen. The Guardian has also mentioned "reports of a leaked interior ministry figures allegedly suggesting Mousavi had won", although the article questioned the credibility of the report. The Guardian reported on 17 June 2009 that an Iranian news website identified at least 30 polling sites with turnout over 100% and 200 sites with turnout over 95%.https://www.theguardian.com/global/2009/jun/17/iran-election-rigging Robert Tate Iran election turnouts exceeded 100% in 30 towns, website reports The Guardian 17 June 2009 18 June 2009 London https://web.archive.org/web/20130906171123/http://www.theguardian.com/global/2009/jun/17/iran-election-rigging 6 September 2013 live On 21 June 2009, a spokesman from the Guardian Council (an organ of the Iranian government) stated the number of votes cast exceeded the number of eligible voters in no more than 50 cities. The Council argued this was a normal phenomenon, which had also taken place in previous elections, as people are not obliged to vote where they had been born/registered.http://alef.ir/1388/content/view/48390/ MOI on state TV: Over 100% voted is normal 21 July 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090629051820/http://alef.ir/1388/content/view/48390 29 June 2009 dead On 18 June, Iranian film makers Marjane Satrapi and Mohsen Makhmalbaf appeared before Green Party members in the European Parliament to present a document allegedly received from a member of the Iranian electoral commission claiming that Mir-Hossein Mousavi had actually won the election, and that the conservative incumbent Mahmoud Ahmedinejad had received only 12% of the vote.https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2009/06/iranian-author-marjane-satrapi-speaks-out-about-election.html https://web.archive.org/web/20090620025001/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2009/06/iranian-author-marjane-satrapi-speaks-out-about-election.html dead Iranian author Marjane Satrapi speaks out about election 16 June 2009 20 June 2009Reals Tucker https://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2009/06/18/world/worldwatch/entry5095195.shtml Watch CBS News 18 June 2009 17 November 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20090829002014/http://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2009/06/18/world/worldwatch/entry5095195.shtml 29 August 2009 livehttp://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/166711 News 18 June 2009 Arutz Sheva 17 November 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20110605011109/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/166711 5 June 2011 live Result Results of the 2009 Iranian presidential election Results Analysis poor grammar and structure October 2012 Results of the 2009 Iranian presidential election#Analysis According to Reza Esfandiari and Yousef Bozorgmehr, the election data is consistent with a natural outcome in a statistical sense, allowing for some possible fraud at the local level.https://www.scribd.com/document/389426431/A-Rejoinder-to-the-Chatham-House-Report-on-the-Iran-presidential-election-of-2009 A Rejoinder to the Chatham House Report on the Iran presidential election of 2009 Scribd 26 September 2018 Mohtashami, former interior minister of Iran, who was in the election monitoring committee of Mousavi's campaign claimed that according to official censuses, the number of counted votes in 70 municipalities were more than the number of eligible voters who lived in those regions. In all those cities Ahmadinejad won by 80% to 90%.http://www.radiofarda.com/content/o2_truth_committee_iran_election_/1755708.html محتشمی پور: آراء ۷۰ حوزه انتخابيه بيشتر از واجدين شرايط است(In Persian) 16 June 2009 Radio Farda 16 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090617195910/http://www.radiofarda.com/content/o2_truth_committee_iran_election_/1755708.html 17 June 2009 live However, "excess votes" have been common in all Iranian elections partly due to the way eligible voters are counted. For example, the Interior Ministry based its calculation of eligible voters on birth certificate registrations. Iranians do not register to vote and hundreds of thousands regularly vote outside their own regions. Shemiran, which had the highest excess voter turnout (13 times the number of eligible voters), overwhelmingly voted for Mousavi.http://www.raceforiran.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/IranArticle-060110.pdf Did Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Steal the 2009 Iran Election? Eric A. Brill 31 March 2010 18 February 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131021233231/http://www.raceforiran.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/IranArticle-060110.pdf 21 October 2013 dead On 17 June, Tabnak, the news agency close to defeated candidate Mohsen Rezaee whose official vote tally was 678,240 votes in the election, stated that "Mohsen Rezaee, until yesterday afternoon, found evidence that proves at least 900,000 Iranians, who had sent in their national ID card numbers, voted for [him]." However, there is no way of independently verifying whether those who disclosed their ID numbers had actually voted for Rezaee.http://en.trend.az/world/iran/1489549.html Rezaei finds 'proof' of election fraud Trend 20 June 2009 17 June 2009 BBC Iranian affairs analyst Sadeq Saba found abnormalities in the way results were announced. Instead of results by province, the "results came in blocks of millions of votes," with very little difference between the blocks in the percentages going to each candidate. This suggested that Mahmoud Ahmadinejad did equally well in rural and urban areas, while his three opponents did equally badly in their home regions and provinces as in the rest of the country. This contradicted "all precedent in Iranian politics", where Ahmadinejad had been very popular in rural areas and unpopular in the big cities, where ethnic minorities had favoured anti-establishment candidates, and where candidates had tended to carry their home provinces.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8101621.stm What is the evidence of electoral fraud? Saba Sadeq 15 June 2009 BBC 15 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090616012034/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8101621.stm 16 June 2009 live Another anomaly, according to British-based researcher Ali Alizadeh, is that a large turnout did not favour the opposition, since in elections, both in Iran and abroad, "those who usually don't vote, i.e. the silent majority, only come out when they want to change the status quo."http://www.cinestatic.com/infinitethought/2009/06/why-are-iranians-dreaming-again.asp why are the iranians dreaming again? Alizadeh Ali 18 June 2009 25 June 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090622090313/http://www.cinestatic.com/infinitethought/2009/06/why-are-iranians-dreaming-again.asp 22 June 2009 According to modern Middle Eastern and South Asian historian Juan Cole, there were several anomalies in the election results. Official reports gave Ahmadinejad 50% of the vote in Tabriz despite the fact that this was the capital of Mousavi's home province, Eastern Azerbaijan, where Mousavi's rallies were well attended and which has traditionally given good turnouts for even "minor presidential candidates" who came from the province. Ahmadinejad also won Tehran province by over 50%, but crucially lost to Mousavi in the actual city of Tehran and was also soundly beaten in the affluent suburb of Shemiran to the north of the capital.http://www.juancole.com/2009/06/stealing-iranian-election.html Stealing the Iranian Election Cole Juan 13 June 2009 11 January 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120111100246/http://www.juancole.com/2009/06/stealing-iranian-election.html 11 January 2012 live Statistical analyses of the official election results were published in Journal of Applied Statistics, Roukema Boudewijn F. A first-digit anomaly in the 2009 Iranian presidential election Journal of Applied Statistics 41 2014 164–199 2014 http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/gIGmUVmnjNpDyrXWhsYz/full 0906.2789 10.1080/02664763.2013.838664 2014JApS...41..164R 88519550 an online note,http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wmebane/note29jun2009.pdf Note on the presidential election in Iran, June 2009 Mebane Walter R. Jr. 29 June 2009 University of Michigan 1 July 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090711000517/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wmebane/note29jun2009.pdf 11 July 2009 live in blogshttp://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2009/06/statistical-evidence-does-not-prove.html Karroubi's Unlucky 7's? Nate Silver FiveThirtyEight 18 June 2009 14 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090616044210/http://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2009/06/statistical-evidence-does-not-prove.html 16 June 2009 dead http://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2009/06/unconvincing-to-me-use-of-benfords-law.html Unconvincing (to me) Use of Benford's Law to Demonstrate Election Fraud in Iran Andrew Gelman FiveThirtyEight 18 June 2009 21 October 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131021220002/http://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2009/06/unconvincing-to-me-use-of-benfords-law.html 21 October 2013 dead http://alchemytoday.com/2009/06/24/is-the-devil-in-the-digits/ Is the devil in the digits? Hensel Zach 24 June 2009 dead https://archive.today/20090705105330/http://alchemytoday.com/2009/06/24/is-the-devil-in-the-digits/ 5 July 2009 and in The Washington Post.https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/20/AR2009062000004.html?hpid=opinionsbox1 The Devil Is in the Digits Bernd Beber and Alexandra Scacco The Washington Post 20 June 2009 22 August 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170302021355/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/20/AR2009062000004.html?hpid=opinionsbox1 2 March 2017 live Aftermath Protests 2009–2010 Iranian election protests Clashes broke out between police and groups protesting the election results from early morning on Saturday onward. Initially, the protests were largely peaceful. However, as time passed, they became increasingly violent. Some protesters began to get violent after the results of the election were announced. Angry crowds in Tehran broke into shops, tore down signs, and smashed windows. Iran election protests turn violent CNN 13 June 2009 http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/06/13/iran.election/index.html 13 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090615071130/http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/06/13/iran.election/index.html 15 June 2009 live Civil unrest took place as protesters set fire to tyres outside the Interior Ministry building and others formed a human chain of around 300 people to close off a major Tehran street.Ian Black The Guardian Ahmadinejad wins surprise Iran landslide victory https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/13/iran-election-ahmadinejad-wins-president 13 June 2009 15 June 2009 London https://web.archive.org/web/20130906193354/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/13/iran-election-ahmadinejad-wins-president 6 September 2013 live The demonstrations grew bigger and more heated than the 1999 student protests. Al Jazeera English described 13 June situation as the "biggest unrest since the 1979 revolution." It also reported that protests seemed spontaneous without any formal organization.http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/06/2009613172130303995.html. Poll results prompt Iran protests Al Jazeera English 13 June 2009 13 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090618073345/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/06/2009613172130303995.html. 18 June 2009 dead Two hundred people protested outside Iran's embassy in London on 13 June.fr Yahoo Manifestation devant l'ambassade d'Iran à Londres http://fr.news.yahoo.com/3/20090613/twl-iran-presidentielle-gb-manifestation-ba66223.html 13 June 2009 13 June 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110604113522/http://fr.news.yahoo.com/3/20090613/twl-iran-presidentielle-gb-manifestation-ba66223.html 4 June 2011 Yedioth Ahronoth stated that "tens of thousands" protested on 13 June. Demonstrators chanted phrases such as "Down with the dictator", "Death to the dictator", and "Give us our votes back". Mousavi urged for calm and asked that his supporters refrain from acts of violence. thumb|left|Protesters in Tehran, 16 June Yedioth Ahronoth reported on 14 June that two people had died in the rioting so far.Yedioth Ahronoth Dudi Cohen 14 June 2009 14 June 2009 http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3730786,00.html Tehran youth: I'll never vote in Iran again https://web.archive.org/web/20090617063832/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3730786,00.html 17 June 2009 live That day, protests had been organized in front of the Iranian embassies in Turkey, Dubai, Paris,BBC Persian 14 June 2009 17 June 2009 https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2009/06/090614_p_ir88_protests.shtml Iranians Protests Across the World (In Persian) https://web.archive.org/web/20090617092855/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2009/06/090614_p_ir88_protests.shtml 17 June 2009 live Berlin, London,Yahoo http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/afp/090614/world/iran_vote_britain_protest Protesters rally outside Iranian embassy in London 14 June 2009 14 June 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090629121855/http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/afp/090614/world/iran_vote_britain_protest 29 June 2009 Rome,http://www.tgcom.mediaset.it/mondo/articoli/articolo452407.shtml Voto Iran, corteo studenti a Roma it TGCOM 14 June 2009 13 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090615084314/http://www.tgcom.mediaset.it/mondo/articoli/articolo452407.shtml 15 June 2009 dead Sydney,Australian Broadcasting Corporation http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/06/20/2603808.htm?site=sydney Iranian-Australians protest election result 19 June 2009 19 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20100721020007/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/06/20/2603808.htm?site=sydney 21 July 2010 dead Vienna and The Hague.Tweehonderd demonstranten bij ambassade Iran NRC Handelsblad 15 June 2009 14 June 2009 nl http://www.nrc.nl/binnenland/article2271183.ece/Tweehonderd_demonstranten_bij_ambassade_Iran https://web.archive.org/web/20090616073952/http://www.nrc.nl/binnenland/article2271183.ece/Tweehonderd_demonstranten_bij_ambassade_Iran 16 June 2009 dead In response to the reformist protests, tens of thousands of people rallied in Tehran on 14 June to support the victory of Ahmadinejad.14 June 2009 14 June 2009 Crowds join Ahmadinejad victory rally BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8099501.stm https://web.archive.org/web/20090615011737/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8099501.stm 15 June 2009 live On 15 June, Mousavihttp://twitpic.com/7gt6e Pictures Twitpic.com 20 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090618162439/http://twitpic.com/7gt6e 18 June 2009 live rallied, with anywhere from hundreds of thousands to three million, of his supporters in Tehran, despite being warned by state officials that any such rally would be illegal. The demonstration was Mousavi's first public appearance after the election. Protests focused around Azadi Tower, around which lines of people stretched for more than nine kilometers met. Gunshots were reported to have been fired at the rally, where Mousavi had spoken to his supporters saying, "The vote of the people is more important than Mousavi or any other person." All three opposition candidates appeared.Tehran's Rallying Cry: 'We Are the People of Iran' 15 June 2009 Time Magazine 15 June 2009 http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1904764,00.html?xid=rss-topstories https://web.archive.org/web/20090618140519/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1904764,00.html?xid=rss-topstories 18 June 2009 dead Competing rallies for Mousavi and for Ahmadinejad took place on 16 June. The pro-Ahmadinejad protesters, chanting the phrases "Death to America!" and "Death to Israel!", outnumbered their opponents, but they did not match the numbers of opponents who had protested the day before. Reports from the state media and elsewhere stated on 16 June that seven people have died in all of the protests so far.https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-iran-protests17-2009jun17,0,2676845.story In Iran, rival factions rally after days of unrest Los Angeles Times 16 June 2009 16 June 2009 Borzou Daragahi Ramin Mostaghim https://web.archive.org/web/20090618081341/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-iran-protests17-2009jun17,0,2676845.story 18 June 2009 live However, The Times quoted a Rasoul Akram Hospital nurse that day who asserted that 28 people have suffered from "bullet wounds" and eight have died so far.Philippe Naughton Tony Halpin Ahmadinejad challenger calls off Tehran rally to avert further bloodshed http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article6510663.ece?token=null&offset=0&page=1 The Times 16 June 2009 16 June 2009 LondonSeptember 2024 medicmedic Over half a million reformist Iranians marched silently from Haft-e-Tir Square to Vali Asr Square on 17 June. That day, the Iranian opposition group, "Human Rights Activists News Agency", stated that 32 people had died protesting during the events of 24 and 25 June.http://hra-iran.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1276:464&catid=103:107&Itemid=261 افزایش تعداد جان باختگان خشونت های اخیر ایران به سی و دو تن (An Increase the Number of Deaths Over Recent Violence in Iran) dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090620131222/http://hra-iran.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1276%3A464&catid=103%3A107&Itemid=261 20 June 2009 thumb|The Green Protest Rally in Azadi Tower and Square in Tehran. Government actions Arrests Law enforcement in Iran Human rights in Iran On the weekend of 13 and 14 June, in a series of raids across Tehran, the government arrested over 170 people, according to police officials.Masses mourn protesters in Iran http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/8100310.stm BBC News 15 June 2009 19 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090618113129/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/8100310.stm 18 June 2009 live Among them were prominent reformist politicians, including MIRO founder Behzad Nabavi, IIPF leader Mohsen Mirdamadi, and former president Mohammad Khatami's brother Mohammad-Reza Khatami, who was later released.Robert F. Worth Nazila Fathi https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/15/world/middleeast/15iran.html Opposition Members Detained in a Tense Iran The New York Times 14 June 2009 14 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20110423122145/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/15/world/middleeast/15iran.html 23 April 2011 livehttp://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article6495691.ece Iran reformists arrested after Tehran riots The Times 14 June 2009 16 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20110928130845/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article6495691.ece 28 September 2011 dead Also arrested were Mostafa Tajzadeh and Mohsen Aminzadeh, whom the IRNA said were involved in orchestrating protests on 13 June. Anonymous sources said that the police stormed the headquarters of the IIPF and arrested a number of people.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8099218.stm Iran reformists held after street clashes BBC News 14 June 2009 14 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090615012134/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8099218.stm 15 June 2009 live Iranian journalist Mashallah Shamsolvaezin claimed that Mousavi was put under house arrest, although officials denied this.https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-iran-election15-2009jun15,3,3696525.story Iran tries to put a lid on election protests Los Angeles Times 15 June 2009 16 June 2009 Ramin Mostaghim Borzou Daragahi https://web.archive.org/web/20090624184025/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-iran-election15-2009jun15,3,3696525.story 24 June 2009 live An estimated 200 people were detained after clashes with students at Tehran university, although many were later released. Acting Police Chief Ahmad-Reza Radan stated via the state press service on the 14th that "in the interrogation of related rebels, we intend to find the link between the plotters and foreign media".Innocent Googling? No Such Thing in Tehran https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/17/world/middleeast/17notebook.html 16 June 2009 17 June 2009 The New York Times Bill Keller https://web.archive.org/web/20121115235156/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/17/world/middleeast/17notebook.html 15 November 2012 live A judiciary spokesman said they had not been arrested but that they were summoned, "warned not to increase tension," and later released.Ahmadinejad: Anyone who strikes Iran will regret it https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1092669.html 14 June 2009 14 June 2009 Haaretz https://web.archive.org/web/20090615171101/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1092669.html 15 June 2009 dead Intelligence minister Gholam Hossein Mohseni-Ejehei linked some arrests to terrorism supported from outside Iran, stating that "more than 20 explosive consignments were discovered". Others, he said, were "counter-revolutionary groups" who had "penetrated election headquarters" of the election candidates.Government supporters rally in Iran http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/06/2009616135112133473.html Al Jazeera 16 June 2009 17 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090720075102/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/06/2009616135112133473.html 20 July 2009 live On 16 June, Reuters reported that former vice-president Mohammad-Ali Abtahi and former presidential advisor Saeed Hajjarian had been arrested.https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSDAH619963 Leading Iranian reformist arrested, his office says Reuters 16 June 2009 16 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090620173622/http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSDAH619963 20 June 2009 live Human rights lawyer Abdolfattah Soltani, who had been demanding a recount of all votes, was also arrested on the Tuesday according to Shirin Ebadi, who said that security officials had posed as clients.Iran's Human Rights Activists Being Arrested, Nobel Prize Winner Tells NPR Mark Memmott NPR https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2009/06/ebadi.html 16 June 2009 17 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090713194757/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2009/06/ebadi.html 13 July 2009 live Over 100 students were arrested after security forces fired tear gas at protesters at Shiraz university on the same day. Reporters Without Borders reported that 5 of 11 arrested journalists were still detention as of 16 June, and that a further 10 journalists were unaccounted for and may have been arrested. On 17 June, former foreign minister and secretary-general of the Freedom Movement of Iran, Ebrahim Yazdi, was arrested while undergoing tests at Pars hospital in Tehran.Relatives: Iranian activist pulled from hospital bed, arrested http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/06/17/iran.activist.arrested/index.html CNN Ashley Broughton 17 June 2009 20 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090619181241/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/06/17/iran.activist.arrested/index.html 19 June 2009 live He was held overnight in Evin Prison before being released and returning to hospital, where according to Human Rights Watch he remained under guard.Iran opposition politician Yazdi released – source https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSDAH944421 Reuters 19 June 2009 20 June 2009Iran: Halt the Crackdown https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/19/iran-halt-crackdown Human Rights Watch 19 June 2009 20 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090622030648/http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/19/iran-halt-crackdown 22 June 2009 live In Tabriz, other Freedom Movement activists and eight members of the IIPF were arrested, with reports of at least 100 civic figures' arrests. The total number of arrests across Iran since the election was reported as 500. Aaron Rhodes, a spokesman for the international campaign for human rights in Iran, stated that "Iranian intelligence and security forces are using the public protests to engage in what appears to be a major purge of reform-oriented individuals whose situations in detention could be life-threatening".Iran elections: mass arrests and campus raids as regime hits back https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/17/iran-election-protests-arrests1 The Guardian 17 June 2009 18 June 2009 London Robert Tait https://web.archive.org/web/20090620002236/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jun/17/iran-election-protests-arrests1 20 June 2009 live In Isfahan province, prosecutor-general Mohammadreza Habibi warned that dissidents could face execution under Islamic law.Iran prosecutor warns of death penalty for violence Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/gc08/idUSTRE55H1XM20090618 18 June 2009 18 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090623005917/http://www.reuters.com/article/gc08/idUSTRE55H1XM20090618 23 June 2009 live Censorship allegations News services and World Wide Web companies increase Farsi services after Iranian presidential election Censorship in Iran Communications in Iran thumb|left|A reformist protester holding a placard According to the Telegraph, on 14 June "Iran's regime was doing its utmost to choke off the flow of news from its capital."David Blair, Iran struggles to censor news of protests https://web.archive.org/web/20180622075931/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/5543145/Iran-struggles-to-censor-news-of-protests.html 22 June 2018 , The Telegraph 15 June 2009 Reporters from the Italian public television broadcaster RAI stated that one of its interpreters was beaten with clubs by riot police and the officers then confiscated the cameraman's tapes. The Al Arabiya's offices in Tehran were closed on 14 June for a week by Iranian authorities, who gave no explanation for the decision.Iran closes Al Arabiya's offices in Tehran http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2009/06/14/75922.html 14 June 2009 14 June 2009 Al Arabiya https://web.archive.org/web/20090617033733/http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2009/06/14/75922.html 17 June 2009 dead Meanwhile, the director of BBC World Service accused the Iranian Government of jamming its broadcasts to the country. Peter Horrocks said audiences in Iran, the Middle East and Europe had been affected by an electronic block on satellites used to broadcast the BBC Persian Television signal to Iran, adding: "It seems to be part of a pattern of behaviour by the Iranian authorities to limit the reporting of the aftermath of the disputed election".Stop the blocking now https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/06/stop_the_blocking_now.html 14 June 2009 14 June 2009 BBC News https://web.archive.org/web/20090617091829/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/06/stop_the_blocking_now.html 17 June 2009 live Al Jazeera English leveled allegations of direct media censorship by the Iranian government, stating that "some of the newspapers have been given notices to change their editorials or their main headlines". BBC correspondent John Simpson was arrested, his material confiscated, and then released.BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8098942.stm 14 June 2009 14 June 2009 Iran election sparks clashes https://web.archive.org/web/20090615011724/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8098942.stm 15 June 2009 live NBC News offices in Tehran were raided, with cameras and other equipment confiscated. ABC News reporter Jim Sciutto also has had material taken. People from the German public broadcasters ZDF and ARD have been harassed as well, with men carrying batons and knives reportedly storming the ARD's Tehran office. A BBC corporate official has referred to the network's conflict with the regime as 'electronic warfare'.*Huffington Post 17 June 2009 17 June 2009 https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/13/iran-demonstrations-viole_n_215189.html Nico Pitney Nico Pitney Iran Updates (VIDEO): Live-Blogging The Uprising https://web.archive.org/web/20090617064026/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/13/iran-demonstrations-viole_n_215189.html 17 June 2009 live Huffington Post 17 June 2009 17 June 2009 Iran Election Live-Blogging (Wednesday 17 June) Nico Pitney https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/17/iran-election-live-bloggi_n_216925.html https://web.archive.org/web/20090620175511/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/17/iran-election-live-bloggi_n_216925.html 20 June 2009 live Huffington Post 17 June 2009 17 June 2009 Iran Election Live-Blogging (Tuesday 16 June) Nico Pitney https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/17/iran-election-live-bloggi_n_216578.html https://web.archive.org/web/20090620175506/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/17/iran-election-live-bloggi_n_216578.html 20 June 2009 live Huffington Post 15 June 2009 16 June 2009 https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/15/iran-election-live-bloggi_n_215965.html Nico Pitney Iran Election Live-Blogging (Monday 15 June) https://web.archive.org/web/20090619041757/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/15/iran-election-live-bloggi_n_215965.html 19 June 2009 live Huffington Post 14 June 2009 15 June 2009 https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/14/iran-election-live-bloggi_n_215449.html Nico Pitney Iran Election Live-Blogging (Sunday 14 June) https://web.archive.org/web/20090617072018/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/14/iran-election-live-bloggi_n_215449.html 17 June 2009 live Huffington Post 14 June 2009 14 June 2009 https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/14/iran-updates-video-live-b_n_215378.html Nico Pitney Iran Updates (VIDEO): Live-Blogging The Uprising (Saturday, 13 June) https://web.archive.org/web/20090616094447/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/14/iran-updates-video-live-b_n_215378.html 16 June 2009 live On 13 June 2009, when thousands of opposition supporters clashed with the police, Facebook was filtered again. Some news websites were also blocked by the Iranian authorities. Mobile phone services including text messaging also stopped or became very difficult to use. Specifically, all websites affiliated with the BBC were shut off,BBC News Ahmadinejad defiant on 'free' Iran poll http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8099115.stm 13 June 2009 13 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090614011619/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8099115.stm 14 June 2009 live as were ones with The Guardian. Associated Press labeled the actions "ominous measures apparently seeking to undercut liberal voices". The restrictions were likely intended to prevent Mousavi's supporters from organizing large-scale protests. The protesters used phone calls, e-mails and word of mouth to get around the measures. Ahmadinejad has responded to concerns by saying, "[d]on't worry about freedom in Iran... Newspapers come and go and reappear. Don't worry about it."Ramin Mostaghim Borzou Daragahi Los Angeles Times https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-iran-election15-2009jun15,0,1529351.story 14 June 2009 Iran election anger boils; Ahmadinejad defends results 14 June 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090616071908/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-iran-election15-2009jun15%2C0%2C1529351.story 16 June 2009 In response to the crackdown, anti-regime activists have repeatedly taken down Ahmadinejad's and Khamenei's websites. According to CNN, the United States State Department has worked with Twitter to expand the website's access in Iran. Recount Due to opposition protests, the Supreme Leader approved a partial vote recount. This was random, counting 10% of ballots. In order to create transparency, a 12 member council showed the recount on TV and concluded President Ahmadinejad led Mousavi after the recount. The Guardian council certified the election and concluded no evidence of irregularities, closing the election's dossier.Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/vcCandidateFeed1/idUSLT437642 14 June 2009 Iran upholds Ahmadinejad victory, says matter closed 29 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090701031225/http://www.reuters.com/article/vcCandidateFeed1/idUSLT437642 1 July 2009 live Scapegoats The Iranian government blamed the unrest on a variety of targets, including the Baháʼí Faith who served as "canaries in the coal mine of Iran's theocracy" as Iran's largest religious minority by their state sanctioned persecution and as "scapegoats".Freedman Samuel G. Samuel G. Freedman For Bahais (sic), a Crackdown Is Old News The New York Times 26 June 2009 https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/27/us/27religion.html?_r=1 24 February 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170401143139/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/27/us/27religion.html?_r=1 1 April 2017 live registration Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel, a Member of Parliament (and previously the Speaker of Parliament) even claimed that BBC stands for Baháʼí Broadcasting Company and made other allegations of Baháʼí involvement with outside parties like the Israeli, British and American governments,Former Iranian Parliament Speaker Hadad Adel: BBC Teeming with Bahais (sic); Stands for 'Bahai (sic) Broadcasting Company' Middle East Media Research Institute 30 June 2009 http://www.memri.org/bin/latestnews.cgi?ID=SD242609 11 July 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090708002055/http://www.memri.org/bin/latestnews.cgi?ID=SD242609 8 July 2009 live though some claim that these accusations had little to do with the religion and rather seemed to be a part of an Islamic repertoire of what a heresy is supposed to look like,Maneck Susan Accusations Against Baha'is (sic) within the Context of Islamic Heresiography CESNUR 13 June 2009 Salt Lake City http://www.cesnur.org/2009/slc_maneck.htm 10 July 2009 2009 CESNUR Conference https://web.archive.org/web/20090721231452/http://www.cesnur.org/2009/slc_maneck.htm 21 July 2009 live and are "categorically rejected" by the Baháʼís.Human Rights in Iran and Egypt Baháʼí World News Service 28 June 2009 http://news.bahai.org/human-rights/iran/iran-update/ 11 July 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20110427023155/http://news.bahai.org/human-rights/iran/iran-update/ 27 April 2011 live Iranian political reactions thumb|right|Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on 16 June 2009, in Yekaterinburg, Russia Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei initially urged the country to unite behind Ahmadinejad, labeling a victory by him as a "divine assessment." On 15 June, however, he ordered an investigation into the claims of vote fraud.http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-06/15/content_11546228.htm Iran's supreme leader orders investigation into claims of vote fraud Xinhua News Agency 15 June 2009 20 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090618104600/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-06/15/content_11546228.htm 18 June 2009 dead Referring to Mousavi's appeal letter about the irregularities, Khamenei said "the Guardian Council has been emphasized to carry out investigation into this letter carefully," and probe allegations of Ahmadinejad cheating.https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090615/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_iran_election Iranian protester killed after opposition rally Yahoo 14 June 2009 20 June 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090619193446/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090615/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_iran_election 19 June 2009 Former Interior Minister Sadeq Mahsouli said that he had not received any "written complaint" about election fraud or irregularities. He also remarked that the vote proceeded in a way that "ruled out the possibility of cheating."Ahmadinejad Wins Landslide http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3423/html/ 13 June 2009 13 June 2009 Iran Daily dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090614100119/http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3423/html/ 14 June 2009 Chairman of the Assembly of Experts Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani was reported to have called a meeting of the Assembly, as they had the constitutional power to elect and dismiss the Supreme Leader.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/14/iran-ahmadinejad-mousavi-elections-result World leaders urged by Iran's opposition party to reject Ahmadinejad's alleged victory Julian Borger Ian Black 14 June 2009 The Guardian 25 June 2009 London https://web.archive.org/web/20130906193506/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/14/iran-ahmadinejad-mousavi-elections-result 6 September 2013 live Incumbent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, in a live address on state run television on 13 June, called the election "completely free" and the outcome "a great victory" for Iran. He also said, "[t]oday, the people of Iran have inspired other nations and disappointed their ill-wishers... propaganda facilities outside Iran and sometimes inside Iran were totally mobilized against our people." Ahmadinejad praised the country's youth as well, but made no direct mention of the protests. He later dismissed the protests, comparing them to "the passions after a football match." In his 25 September 2009 speech at the UN he stated "Our nation has successfully gone through a glorious and successfully democratic election, ... They entrusted me once more with a large majority ..."A More Conciliatory Ahmadinejad at the U.N. By Sarah Wheaton https://web.archive.org/web/20090928074334/http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/23/a-more-conciliatory-admadinejad-at-the-un/?hp 28 September 2009 The New York Times 23 September 2009 Mir-Hossein Mousavi, the main opposition candidate, issued a statement saying, "I'm warning that I won't surrender to this manipulation." Mousavi lodged an official appeal against the result to the Guardian Council on 14 June. He was not optimistic about his appeal, saying that many of the group's members "during the election were not impartial."Yedioth Ahronoth Mousavi says not optimistic on Iran election appeal http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3731896,00.html 16 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090619104511/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3731896,00.html 19 June 2009 live Reformist cleric Mehdi Karroubi, another opposition candidate, echoed Mousavi's demand for the election to be cancelled. He said, "I am announcing again that the elections should not be allowed and the results have no legitimacy or social standing... Therefore, I do not consider Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as president of the republic." He later declared in a speech to his supporters in Khoramabad that "this phase ["election dispute"] will not subside until we [Reformist leaders] suggest so."Economist issue 449201 Mohsen Rezai, on 17 June, gave an ultimatum to Interior Ministry to release details of the results by that day, otherwise, he would call for a new election. However, on 24 July he withdrew formal complaints filed with the Guardian Council, saying that "The [current] political, social and security situation has entered a sensitive and decisive phase, which is more important than the election."Candidate withdraws Iran voting complaint - UPI.com https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/06/24/Candidate-withdraws-Iran-voting-complaint/35831245850067/ 2025-11-05 UPI en Gholam Ali Haddad Adel, a former Iranian parliamentary speaker, called on Mousavi to concede defeat, saying that then "everyone will benefit". The Association of Combatant Clerics, a moderate reformist clerical body which former president Khatami is a member of, issued a statement posted on reformist websites saying the election was rigged and calling for it to be canceled, warning that "if this process becomes the norm, the republican aspect of the regime will be damaged and people will lose confidence in the system." Former foreign minister Ibrahim Yazdi said, "[w]e don't have any doubt. And as far as we are concerned, it is not legitimate. There were many, many irregularities." He also described the process as a "coup".http://www.thenation.com/blogs/dreyfuss/443348 Iran's Ex-Foreign Minister Yazdi: It's A Coup The Nation (The Dreyfuss Report) 13 June 2009 14 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090616130653/http://www.thenation.com/blogs/dreyfuss/443348 16 June 2009 live On 17 June, he was arrested and transferred to prison. Reformist politician Ata'ollah Mohajerani blasted the election as "The End of the Islamic Republic". Hadi Ghaemi, spokesman for the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, denounced the outcome. He also compared the government's post-election activities to those of the Chinese government during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. In a letter published on his website, reformist cleric Grand Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri stated that the government used elections "in the worst way possible. Declaring results that no one in their right mind can believe, and despite all the evidence of crafted results, and to counter people protestations, in front of the eyes of the same nation who carried the weight of a revolution and 8 years of war, in front of the eyes of local and foreign reporters, attacked the children of the people with astonishing violence. And now they are attempting a purge, arresting intellectuals, political opponents and scientists."http://www.amontazeri.com/farsi/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=198&FORUM_ID=2&CAT_ID=2&Forum_Title=%26%231582%3B%26%231576%3B%26%231585%3B%26%231606%3B%26%231575%3B%26%231605%3B%26%231607%3B&Topic_Title=%26%231662%3B%26%231740%3B%26%231575%3B%26%231605%3B+%26%231662%3B%26%231740%3B%26%231585%3B%26%231575%3B%26%231605%3B%26%231608%3B%26%231606%3B+%26%231581%3B%26%231608%3B%26%231575%3B%26%231583%3B%26%231579%3B+%26%231575%3B%26%231582%3B%26%231740%3B%26%231585%3B+%26%231575%3B%26%231606%3B%26%231578%3B%26%231582%3B%26%231575%3B%26%231576%3B%26%231575%3B%26%231578%3B Letter from Grand Ayatollah Hossein Ali Montazeri 16 June 2009 19 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090619014354/http://www.amontazeri.com/farsi/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=198&FORUM_ID=2&CAT_ID=2&Forum_Title=%26%231582;%26%231576;%26%231585;%26%231606;%26%231575;%26%231605;%26%231607;&Topic_Title=%26%231662;%26%231740;%26%231575;%26%231605;+%26%231662;%26%231740;%26%231585;%26%231575;%26%231605;%26%231608;%26%231606;+%26%231581;%26%231608;%26%231575;%26%231583;%26%231579;+%26%231575;%26%231582;%26%231740;%26%231585;+%26%231575;%26%231606;%26%231578;%26%231582;%26%231575;%26%231576;%26%231575;%26%231578; dead http://kojayi.wordpress.com/2009/06/16/ayatollah-montazeris-letter/ Ayatollah Montazeri's letter 2009-06-16 2020-12-10 https://web.archive.org/web/20090618085155/http://kojayi.wordpress.com/2009/06/16/ayatollah-montazeris-letter/ 2009-06-18 The Iranian national football team wore green wristbands in support for Mousavi in a World Cup qualifier against South Korea. Popular classical musician Mohammad Reza Shajarian demanded that Iranian government television and radio never play his music again after Ahmadinejad called Mousavi supporters "brushwood and thorns". Shajarian remarked, "my voice is like brushwood and thorns". British politician George Galloway has stated that Ahmadinejad "is the president of an important country and we'll just have to accept it."http://blogs.dailyrecord.co.uk/georgegalloway/2009/06/you-can-count-on-the-fact-elec.html George Galloway Daily Record You can count on the fact election was fair 17 June 2009 15 June 2009 George Galloway https://web.archive.org/web/20090619204206/http://blogs.dailyrecord.co.uk/georgegalloway/2009/06/you-can-count-on-the-fact-elec.html 19 June 2009 live According to three Iranian newspapers 105 of 290 members of the Iranian Parliament invited to attend a 24 June victory party for Mahmoud Ahmadinejad attended the event, suggesting, according to the American The New York Times newspaper, "a deep divide within the political elite over the election and its aftermath."https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/26/world/middleeast/26iran.html?_r=1&hp=&pagewanted=print Ahmadinejad Assails Obama as Opposition Urges Defiance, by Nazila Fathi and Alan Cowell The New York Times 25 June 2009 24 February 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20160725102823/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/26/world/middleeast/26iran.html?_r=1&hp=&pagewanted=print 25 July 2016 live Fathi Nazila Slackman Michael In his 19 June address to the nation after Friday prayers, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei defended the reputations of Hashemi Rafsanjani and Ali Akbar Nateq-Nouri despite the fact that "Never before have I mentioned people by name in the Friday prayer sermons" adding that "The live televised debates were a positive step, but these (accusations against fellow candidates) should be removed. After the debates, I had a talk with the president because I knew he would listen to me."2009-06-19 Leader's Friday Prayer Address https://english.khamenei.ir/news/1159/Leader-s-Friday-Prayer-Address https://web.archive.org/web/20240930003600/https://english.khamenei.ir/news/1159/Leader-s-Friday-Prayer-Address 2024-09-30 2025-11-05 Khamenei.ir en-IR This amounted to a criticism of Ahmadinejad, who had made accusations against Nateq-Nouri's family during the debatehttp://news.kodoom.com/en/zAALSRg News Kodoom 17 November 2010 and accused Rafsanjani of being "corrupt" and whom he had called "the main puppet master."https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/09/AR2009060903371.html Ex-Iranian President Criticizes Ayatollah The Washington Post 10 June 2009 17 November 2010 Thomas Erdbrink https://web.archive.org/web/20121109150158/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/09/AR2009060903371.html 9 November 2012 live International reactions thumb|right|350px|Map of countries by reaction to the 2009 presidential election black Iran green Countries that have welcomed the results #80FF00 Arab League members that have not reacted publicly to the results (the Arab League has welcomed the results) #0080FF European Union members that have not reacted publicly to the results (the EU has expressed doubts over the results) blue Countries that have expressed doubts over the results #ababab No data International reaction to the 2009 Iranian presidential election Many western countries expressed doubt about the result and/or reacted in favour of protestors. Other countries, namely Brazil and some other Asian countries, amongst others, welcomed the result. See also 2009 Iran poll protests trial Iranian Green Movement (outdated) 2013 Iranian presidential election References Further reading Yahya R. Kamalipour Media, Power, and Politics in the Digital Age: The 2009 Presidential Election Uprising in Iran Lanham Rowman & Littlefield 2010 978-1-4422-0415-7 Kamrava Mehran 2010 The 2009 Elections and Iran's Changing Political Landscape Orbis 54 3 400–412 10.1016/j.orbis.2010.04.006 Morady Farhang 2011 Who rules Iran? The June 2009 election and political turmoil Capital & Class 35 1 39–61 10.1177/0309816810393940 154771293 free Civil Society in Syria and Iran: Activism in Authoritarian Contexts Lynne Rinner Boulder, CO Honari, Ali Paul Aarts and Francesco Cavatorta From Virtual to Tangible Social Movements in Iran 2014 External links Official links Coordination site for Ahmadinejad's supporters fa Mir-Hossein Mousavi campaign site fa Mehdi Karroubi campaign site fa Mohsen Rezaee campaign site fa Images Iranian Pictures of Post Election 2009 Iranian Protesters Fill Streets After Election Result – slideshow by The New York Times The Big Picture: Iran's Disputed Election – high res images by The Boston Globe Flickr Photos – Iranian Elections 2009 From The Beginning Video testimonies Iranian Stories fa en fr – webdocumentary disseminating and collecting eye witness testimonies of 2009 Iran election Polling in Iran A discussion with pollster Hossein Ghazian – IranWire in Persian. Election aftermath Who's Who in Iran? by BBC News Rafsanjani's Gambit Backfires Letter from Mousavi to the Guardian Council – Challenging the Results https://web.archive.org/web/20090617031552/http://tehranbureau.com/2009/06/13/mousavi-letter/ 17 June 2009 https://archive.today/20130131144115/http://www.pollster.com/blogs/roundup_analyses_of_fraud_in_i.php Roundup: Analyses of Fraud in Iran el Question & Answer on the Iran Crisis Don't Assume Ahmadinejad Really Lost by Robert Baer, Time Magazine, 16 June 2009 Coverage from the Huffington Post: Live-Blogging The Uprising, Aljazeera, BBC https://web.archive.org/web/20100805050113/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/middle_east/2009/iran/default.stm 5 August 2010 , New York Times, The Globe Opinion The Iranian elections and the aftermath, Analysis by Rouzbeh Parsi, June 2009, European Union Institute for Security Studies Iran Electoral Archive – 2009 Presidential Election Iranian Green Movement between two Elections, 2009–2013 – The Dynamics of Off-line and Online Activism President Category:Presidential elections in Iran Category:History of the Islamic Republic of Iran Iran Iran Category:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Category:Mir-Hossein Mousavi Category:Mohammad Khatami