1854 Nankai earthquake

Earthquake and tsunami in Japan 1854 Nankai earthquake yes 1854_Ansei_Nankai_earthquake_intensity.PNG December 24, 1854 16:00 Japan 8.4 ML 33.0 135.0 inline,title Japan, Tōkai region Nankai megathrust Yes >3,000 The 1854 Nankai earthquake occurred at about 16:00 local time on 24 December. It had a magnitude of 8.4 and caused a damaging tsunami. More than 30,000 buildings were destroyed and there were at least 3,000 casualties.Usami T. 1979 Study of Historical Earthquakes in Japan Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute 54 399–439 http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2261/12734/1/ji0543001.pdf 2009-11-13 https://web.archive.org/web/20110722080425/http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2261/12734/1/ji0543001.pdf 2011-07-22 dead It was the second of the three Ansei great earthquakes; the 1854 Tōkai earthquake of identical magnitude had hit northeast the previous morning, and the third 1855 Edo earthquake would strike less than a year later. Background Nankai megathrust earthquakes The southern coast of Honshu runs parallel to the Nankai Trough, which marks the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate beneath the Eurasian plate. Movement on this convergent plate boundary leads to many earthquakes, some of them of the megathrust type. The Nankai megathrust has five distinct segments (A–E) that can rupture independently,Ando Masataka June 1975 Source mechanisms and tectonic significance of historical earthquakes along the nankai trough, Japan https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/004019517590102X Tectonophysics 27 2 119–140 1975Tectp..27..119A 10.1016/0040-1951(75)90102-X subscriptionIshibashi K. 2004 Status of historical seismology in Japan Annals of Geophysics 47 2/3 339–368 http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/763/1/02Ishibashi.pdf 2009-11-22 the segments have ruptured either singly or together repeatedly over the last 1300 years.Sieh K.E. Kerry Sieh A Review of Geological Evidence for Recurrence Times of Large Earthquakes 1981 http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/papers/P81b.pdf 2009-11-13 2010-06-04 https://web.archive.org/web/20100604120819/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/papers/P81b.pdf dead Megathrust earthquakes on this structure tend to occur in pairs, with a relatively short time gap between them. In addition to the two events in 1854, there were similar earthquakes in 1944 and 1946. In each case the northeastern segment ruptured before the southwestern segment.Kaneda Yoshiyuki Kawaguchi Katsuyoshi Araki Eiichiro Matsumoto Hiroyuki Nakamura Takeshi Kamiya Shinichiro Hori Takane Baba Toshitaka 2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies Precise real-time observatory and simulating phenomena of earthquakes and tsunamis around the Nankai Trough – Towards the understanding of mega thrust earthquakes April 2007 Tokyo, Japan IEEE 299–300 10.1109/UT.2007.370806 978-1-4244-1207-5 45347574 Damage The damage due to the earthquake was severe with 5,000 houses being destroyed and 40,000 houses badly damaged. A further 6,000 homes were damaged by fire. The tsunami washed away a further 15,000 houses and a total of 3,000 people died from either the earthquake or the tsunami.https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1971 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Significant Earthquake Information 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 30 July 2022 10.7289/V5TD9V7K The death toll associated with the tsunami was less than would be expected in comparison to the 1707 tsunami, because many people had left the coastal area following the large earthquake the previous day. In Hiro (now Hirogawa), Goryo Hamaguchi set fires using rice straw to help guide villagers to safety. This story was turned into "A living god" by the Greek-born writer Lafcadio Hearn.Atwater B.F. Brian Atwater Musumi-Rokkaku S. Satake K. Kenji Satake Tsuji Y. Ueda K. Yamaguchi D.K. amp The Orphan Tsunami: Japanese clues to parent earthquake in North America United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1707 144 4. Kuwagasaki 10.3133/pp1707 https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1707/chapters/04_Kuwagasaki_36-49.pdf 2009-11-14 Characteristics Earthquake Much of southwestern Honshu, Shikoku and Kyūshū experienced shaking of 5 or more on the JMA scale, with most of Shikoku and nearby coastal areas of Kansai suffering an intensity of 6.http://www.hp1039.jishin.go.jp/eqchreng/8-2-1.htm Great earthquakes along the Nankai Trough(The Ansei Nankai Earthquake, December 24, 1854, M 8.4)(The Nankai Earthquake, December 21, 1946, M 8.0) 2009-11-15 Tsunami On Shikoku, the greatest inundation heights were 7.5 m in Mugi, 7.5 m in Kamikawaguchi (Japanese: 上川口) of Kuroshio,Document http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2261/12817/1/ji0563006.pdf dead https://web.archive.org/web/20111006004423/http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2261/12817/1/ji0563006.pdf 2011-10-06 2011-07-14 7.2 m at Asakawa on the Tokushima coast, 7.4 m at Usa, 8.4 m at Ōnogō in the Susaki area, 8.3 m at Kure on the Kōchi coast and 5 m at both Hisayoshiura and Kaizuka on the coast of Ehime.Murakami H. Ito S. Hiraiwa Y. Shimada T. amp Tsunami: progress in prediction, disaster prevention, and warning Tsuchiya Y. Shutō N. Springer 1995 336 Re-examination of historical tsunamis in Shikoku Island, Japan https://books.google.com/books?id=P-2kurlGja8C&pg=PA197 978-0-7923-3483-5 A tsunami was observed in Shanghai, China, and a water surge of about 2 to 3 Chi was recorded in the Huangpu River.科学普及 http://www.shgeophys.org/kxpj/kp%2001.asp 2021-07-11 shgeophys.org See also The Fire of Rice Sheaves List of earthquakes in Japan List of historical earthquakes References Further reading Kusumoto Satoshi Imai Kentaro Obayashi Ryoko Hori Takane Takahashi Narumi Ho Tung–Cheng Uno Karen Tanioka Yuichiro Satake Kenji Origin Time of the 1854 Ansei–Tokai Tsunami Estimated from Tide Gauge Records on the West Coast of North America Seismological Research Letters Seismological Society of America (SSA) 91 5 10 June 2020 0895-0695 10.1785/0220200068 2624–2630 2020SeiRL..91.2624K 225268596 1854 Nankai Ansei-Nankai earthquake Category:Tsunamis in Japan Category:19th-century tsunamis Category:1854 natural disasters Category:December 1854 Category:1854 in Japan Category:Earthquakes of the Edo period Category:1850s disasters in Asia Category:19th-century disasters in Japan