2005–2006 Niger food crisis

Food crisis in northern Niger between 2005 and 2006 thumb|300px|Niger vegetation maps. Above, July 2004; below, July 2005. Green is a vegetation surplus, brown a deficit. NASA The 2005–2006 Niger food crisis was a severe but localized food security crisis in the regions of northern Maradi, Tahoua, Tillabéri, and Zinder of Niger from 2005 to 2006. It was caused by an early end to the 2004 rains, desert locust damage to some pasture lands, high food prices, and chronic poverty. In the affected area, 2.4 million of 3.6 million people are considered highly vulnerable to food insecurity. An international assessment stated that, of these, over 800,000 face extreme food insecurity and another 800,000 in moderately insecure food situations are in need of aid. Background The crisis had long been predicted after swarms of locusts consumed nearly all crops in parts of Niger during the 2004 agricultural season.FAO/WFP CROP AND FOOD SUPPLY ASSESSMENT MISSION TO NIGER, UN Food and Agriculture Organization, 21 December 2004 In other areas, insufficient rainfall resulted in exceptionally poor harvests and dry pastures affecting both farmers and livestock breeders. An assessment carried out by the government of Niger, the United Nations and international Non Governmental Organizations reached a general consensus that the crisis, while locally severe, had not reached the level of famine according to famine scales.Niger: a famine foretold Africa Renewal https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/october-2005/niger-famine-foretold www.un.org 15 October 2005 2020-05-13 Demographic causes The population of Niger increased more than fivefold between 1950 and 2005, from 2.5 million to 13.5 million.http://populationpyramid.net/niger/2005/ Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100 populationpyramid.net The fertility rate in Niger is the highest in the world at 7.6 children per woman,http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN?locations=NE Fertility rate, total (Births per woman) - Niger | Data World Bank and the population of the country is projected to increase tenfold in the 21st century to more than 200 million people in 2100.http://populationpyramid.net/niger/2100/ Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100 populationpyramid.net Crisis thumb|left|Malnourished children in Niger, during the 2005 famine. The Sahel region as a whole registered a grain surplus of 85,000 tons.Food crisis looming in Mali, Mauritania, Niger afrol News http://www.afrol.com/articles/16626 20 June 2005Millions face hunger in West Africa, urgent aid needed, UN food agency warns https://news.un.org/en/story/2005/06/141562-millions-face-hunger-west-africa-urgent-aid-needed-un-food-agency-warns 2005-06-20 UN News 2020-05-13 However, Niger and Chad suffered grain deficits of around 224,000 and 217,000 tons, respectively.Millions face hunger in West Africa, urgent aid needed, UN food agency warns https://news.un.org/en/story/2005/06/141562-millions-face-hunger-west-africa-urgent-aid-needed-un-food-agency-warns 2005-06-20 UN News 2020-05-13 An increase in food prices fuelled the food crisis, especially in Niger, which was the most affected area. thumb|right|Laure Souley holds her three-year-old daughter and an infant son at a MSF aide centre during the 2005 famine, Maradi, Niger. Access to food staples became increasingly difficult and severe cases of child malnutrition were reported. The scarcity of water and fodder also adversely affected the health of the cattle, camels, sheep and goats that comprise virtually the only source of food and income for nomadic communities. Competition for limited resources also resulted in some local conflicts. Acute malnutrition rates rose to 13.4 per cent in the southern Niger Maradi and Zinder departments, with 2.5 per cent of this group identified as severely malnourished children under age five, according to UNICEF. The food shortage impacted 3.3 million people —including 800,000 children under age five— in 3,815 villages. Officials estimated cereal deficits at 223,448 tons and livestock feed deficits at 4,642,219 tons.Niger food crisis increases child deaths https://www.unicef.org/media/media_27620.html UNICEF 2020-05-13Niger - Background to a food crisis - IFRC https://www.ifrc.org/es/noticias/features/niger---background-to-a-food-crisis/ www.ifrc.org 2020-05-13Sahel: surviving the lean season Africa Renewal https://www.un.org/africarenewal/web-features/sahel-surviving-lean-season www.un.org 11 June 2010 2020-05-13 thumb|right|A mother tends to her malnourished infant at the Maradi MSF aide centre, during the 2005 Nigerien famine. Response Although UN's Food and Agriculture Organization already warned of an upcoming crisis in late 2004,FAO/WFP CROP AND FOOD SUPPLY ASSESSMENT MISSION TO NIGER, UN Food and Agriculture Organization, 21 December 2004 donor support came slowly throughout the first half of 2005.How many dying babies make a famine? BBC News. 10 August 2005 In late August 2005, the profile of the crisis was raised after UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan visited President Tandja Mamadou in Zinder. The visit was seen as an attempt to draw attention to the crisis, and also address accusations that the UN had responded slowly. Donors had given less than half of the US$81 million appealed for by the UN. On January 16, 2006, the UN directed an appeal for US$240 million of food aid for West Africa to feed at least 10 million people affected by the food crisis, with Niger being the worst-affected country.January 16, 2006 UN Seeks $240 Mln of Food Aid for West Africa https://archive.globalpolicy.org/socecon/hunger/relief/2006/0116sahelcrisis.htm 2024-11-22 archive.globalpolicy.org Media coverage controversy Several authorities, including the President of Niger at the time, called into the question the veracity of claims made by international media. They argued that, while chronic malnutrition has been issue for populations of Niger, the media erroneously and deliberately portrayed common local dietary habits as signs of widespread famine to appeal to donors' sympathy. On March 3, 2008 TV2 Norway aired the documentary "Sultbløffen" (The Famine Scam) which voiced the view that there was no famine in Niger in 2005– 06, but rather chronic malnutrition no different from the previous years. BBC's Hilary Andersson, UN Emergency Relief Coordinator Jan Egeland as well as international media and aid organizations in general were accused of severely overstating and lying about the food situation in the country by misrepresenting the situation. The sources, among them a Norwegian-Swedish foundation of agricultural development and their local assistants, gave a version picturing western media and relief agencies as ignorant towards local agriculture and flora and common dietary habits. They cited so-called "food-racism": the perception that local, traditional food and food plants are useless and poisonous, even though locals have eaten them for millennia. They also denounced the perception that the people of Niger are incapable of living without support from the west, and argued that large food donations overwhelmed the local supply, making it harder for local agriculture to compete. https://web.archive.org/web/20080305181429/http://www.dagsavisen.no/utenriks/article338072.ece 2008-03-05 Sultbløffen (The Famine Scam) awarded third place Monte Carlo TV festival of 2008 The film was awarded 3rd prize in the Monte Carlo TV festival of 2008, and won Den Store Journalistprisen in Norway in 2009. The BBC claimed to have refuted TV2's allegations unequivocally,BBC statement to SVT regarding 2005 Niger reports, The Local, 19 Nov 2008. and attempted to block the international release of the documentary by withdrawing TV2's license to news footage from the summer of 2005.BBC in dispute with Norway's TV2. The Guardian. 1 July 2008 See also 2006 Horn of Africa food crisis Malawian food crisis 2010 Sahel drought References External links Jeevan Vasagar, The Guardian, August 1, 2005, "Plenty of food - yet the poor are starving: The two faces of Niger" NIGER: AN EVIDENCE BASE FOR UNDERSTANDING THE CURRENT CRISIS, (PDF) Famine Early Warning Systems Network, 29 July 2005 Updated news links from ReliefWeb USAID Assistance to Niger/Sahel - Information on relief efforts and ongoing bilateral assistance from the United States Agency for International Development Egeland accused of bluffing about starvation http://www.unicef.org/media/media_27620.html UN chief tours impoverished Niger, BBC News, 23 August 2005 The Economist: Starving for the cameras, Destitution not dearth, The worst is over https://archive.today/20121224094132/http://www.soschildrensvillages.org.uk/sos-children-charity/niger-charity-famine.htm SOS Children Appeal el Media pressured over food crisis - IFEX Anuradha Mittal and Frederic Mousseau, "Sahel: A Prisoner of Starvation? A Case Study of the 2005 Food Crisis in Niger" [PDF file], The Oakland Institute, October 31, 2006. TV2, The Famine Scam Niger Category:2005 disasters in Africa Category:2005 in Niger Category:21st-century disasters in Niger Category:2006 disasters in Africa Category:2006 in Niger Category:2000s famines Food Crisis, 2005-06 Food Crisis, 2005-06 Niger 2005