1927 Manitoba general election

none October 2019 1927 Manitoba general election Manitoba 1921 parliamentary 1922 Manitoba general election 1922 elected members 1932 Manitoba general election 18th Manitoba Legislature 1932 June 28, 1927 55 seats of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba 27 John Bracken circa 1941.jpg x150px MB Progressive nohash John Bracken August 8, 1922 MB Progressive name The Pas 28 29 1 52,805 32.4% 0.4pp MB PC nohash Fawcett Taylor April, 1922 Conservative Portage la Prairie 7 15 8 44,320 27.2% 11.7pp Hugh Amos Robson - 1916.jpg x150px MB Liberal nohash Hugh Robson 1927 MB Liberal name Winnipeg 8 7 1 33,852 20.7% 2.5pp MB CCF nohash John Queen 1923 Independent Labour Winnipeg 6 3 3 17,133 10.5% 0.6pp Premier John Bracken MB Progressive name Premier after election John Bracken MB Progressive name The 1927 Manitoba general election was held on 28 June 1927 to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the province of Manitoba, Canada. The result was a second consecutive victory for Manitoba farmers, following its 1922 win. This was the first election in Manitoba history to elect MLAs through casting of ranked ballots in all districts. Ten MLAs were elected in Winnipeg through Single transferable vote, as they had done since 1920. The other districts now began to elect MLAs through Instant-runoff voting. The Progressive Party of Manitoba, led by Premier John Bracken, won a second consecutive majority government in 1927. Progressive candidates won twenty-nine seats out of fifty-five to win their second majority government. During the campaign, the Progressives stressed that they were not a party in the traditional sense and promised "A business (not a party) government". Many Progressive candidates simply described themselves as Bracken supporters. The Progressive Party was supported by the powerful United Farmers of Manitoba organization. The Conservatives won fifteen seats under the leadership of Fawcett Taylor, an improvement from seven in the election of 1922. This election re-established the Conservatives as the leading opposition party in Manitoba, and made the party a credible challenger for government in the next election. The Manitoba Liberal Party was unable to regain the support it had lost to the Progressive Party in the previous election. The Liberals won seven seats under the new leadership of Hugh Robson, down one from their 1922 total. After the election, many senior Liberals began to work for an electoral alliance with the Progressives. Robson, who opposed this plan, was persuaded to resign as leader in 1930. The alliance was formalized in 1932. The Independent Labour Party fell to three seats, down from six in the previous election. All three members, including party leader John Queen, were elected in the city of Winnipeg. Candidates of four separate parties - Liberal, Conservative, ILP and Progressive - plus an Independent - were elected to fill that city's ten seats. Winnipeg seats were filled using a form of proportional representation, Single transferable voting. Jacob Penner ran in Winnipeg as a Communist candidate, but was not successful. He lasted 19 rounds of transfers but picked up very few votes so was eliminated. Independent candidate John Edmison was re-elected in Brandon. The proportion of the vote received by the Progressive Party (based on first-preference votes) was enough to assure a functioning government, but it was one of lowest in Canadian history. Madden Wayne D. 1998 Canadian Guide of Leadership and Electoral History - Analytical Supplement https://parl-gc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CALP_INST/iqbkma/alma9922078602616 Fort McMurray W.D. Madden The Legislature experienced a significant turnover of members, with 23 seats electing new MLAs. Twelve incumbents (one in Winnipeg, and 11 more in other ridings) went down in defeat, six failed to be renominated, and five chose not to stand for reelection. July 4, 1927 18th Legislature Will Have Many New Faces https://digitalcollections.lib.umanitoba.ca/islandora/object/uofm:1645904 The Winnipeg Tribune 1–2 Under the instant-runoff voting used to elect 45 MLAs, the leader in the first count of the district's votes was the one elected in all but three districts, so the final results in the districts outside Winnipeg were almost the same as under First-past-the-post voting . Of the 45 single-member ridings, two MLAs were returned by acclamation. Twenty-one were decided solely on first-preference votes, with no vote transfers conducted. The remainder (22) went to runoff counts. There were only three "turn-overs" where the first count leader did not win due to vote transfers - in Minnedosa, Morden & Rhineland and Springfield. The Progressive candidate was leading on the first count in all three districts but after vote transfers, Conservatives won two of them and Liberals won one. Seventeen seats in the single-member districts went to parties different from the previous election. Eleven rural incumbents running for re-election under their old party label were defeated. Three other incumbents changed their party label and were re-elected. Three open seats flipped to another party. Results +Manitoba general election (June 29, 1927) https://www.electionsmanitoba.ca/downloads/HistoricalResultsSummaries/1927.pdf Eighteenth General Election Held June 28, 1927 - Summary of Results electionsmanitoba.ca Elections Manitoba January 25, 2023 - valid for first-preference totals by ridingPartyLeaderFirst-preference votesSeats Votes % FPv First-preference votes Cand. Total candidates standing for each party 1922 Elected Change MB Progressive row-nameincludes Robert Curran, who campaigned as a Liberal-ProgressiveJohn Bracken52,42332.124428262 MB Conservative row-nameFawcett Taylor44,32027.15407158 MB Liberal row-nameHugh Robson33,85220.7440871 MB CCF rowIndependent Labourafter consolidation in the labour movementJohn Queen15,9879.8010633 MB Independent row-name8,4955.2012413 MB Independent-Moderationist row-name3,2001.9621–1 MB Communist row-name2,0151.231––– MB Progressive rowIndependent-Progressive1,6180.993–22 MB Farmer rowIndependent-Farmer1,3020.80111 Valid 163,212 100.00 153 55 55 – Rejected n/a Total votes cast 163,212 Registered voters/Turnoutnumber is for contested ridings only 233,453 69.9 aPopular vote #ddd 600px 410px Progressive MB Progressive 32.12 Conservative MB PC 27.15 Liberal MB Liberal 20.74 Independent Labour MB CCF 9.80 Others MB Independent 10.18Seats summary #ddd 600px 410px Progressive MB Progressive 50.91 Conservative MB PC 27.27 Liberal MB Liberal 12.73 Independent Labour MB CCF 5.45 Others MB Independent 3.64 Results by riding Bold names indicate members returned by acclamation. Incumbents are marked with *. #66CC00 Arthur: Duncan Lloyd McLeod* #9999FF Assiniboia: Joseph Cotter #66CC00 Beautiful Plains: Adalbert Poole #66CC00 Birtle: John Pratt #DCDCDC Brandon: John H. Edmison #66CC00 Carillon: Albert Prefontaine* #9999FF Cypress: William H. Spinks* #9999FF Dauphin: Robert Ferguson #66CC00 Deloraine: Hugh McKenzie #66CC00 Dufferin: John Munn #66CC00 Emerson: Robert Curran (Lib-Prog Liberal-Progressive) #B9E5B9 Ethelbert: Nicholas Hryhorczuk* (Ind-Frm Independent-Farmer) #66CC00 Fairford: Stuart Garson #66CC00 Fisher: Nicholas Bachynsky* #66CC00 Gilbert Plains: Arthur Berry* #66CC00 Gimli: Ingimar Ingaldson #66CC00 Gladstone: William Morton #EA6D6A Glenwood: James Breakey* #66CC00 Hamiota: Thomas Wolstenholme* #66CC00 Iberville: Arthur R. Boivin* (Ind-Prog Independent-Progressive) #9999FF Kildonan & St. Andrews: James McLenaghen #9999FF Killarney: John Laughlin #66CC00 Lakeside: Douglas Campbell* #EA6D6A Lansdowne: Tobias Norris* #66CC00 La Verendrye: Philippe Adjutor Talbot* #9999FF Manitou: Joseph Lusignan #9999FF Minnedosa: George Compton #9999FF Morden & Rhineland: Hugh McGavin #66CC00 Morris: William Clubb* #EA6D6A Mountain: Irving Cleghorn #66CC00 Norfolk: John Muirhead* #9999FF Portage la Prairie: Fawcett Taylor* #9999FF Roblin: Frederic Newton* #66CC00 Rockwood: William McKinnell* #66CC00 Rupertsland: Herbert Beresford (Ind-Prog Independent-Progressive) #66CC00 Russell: Isaac Griffiths* #9999FF St. Boniface: Joseph Bernier #66CC00 St. Clements: Robert Hoey #EA6D6A St. George: Skuli Sigfusson* #66CC00 Ste. Rose: Maurice Dane MacCarthy* #EA6D6A Springfield: Murdoch Mackay #66CC00 Swan River: Andrew McCleary #66CC00 The Pas: John Bracken* #9999FF Turtle Mountain: Richard G. Willis* #66CC00 Virden: Robert Mooney* #66CC00 Winnipeg: William Major #66CC00 Winnipeg: Edward Montgomery #9999FF Winnipeg: William Sanford Evans* #9999FF Winnipeg: John Thomas Haig* #9999FF Winnipeg: William Tobias #EA6D6A Winnipeg: Hugh Robson #EA6D6A Winnipeg: Edith Rogers* #EEDDAA Winnipeg: Seymour Farmer* #EEDDAA Winnipeg: William Ivens* #EEDDAA Winnipeg: John Queen* Seats changing hands In the single-member ridings, 17 seats changed allegiance: Progressive to Conservative Killarney Manitou Minnedosa Progressive to Liberal Mountain Springfield Progressive to Independent-Farmer Ethelbert Progressive to Independent-Progressive Iberville Rupertsland Liberal to Progressive Fairford Gimli Liberal to Conservative Dauphin ILP to Conservative Assiniboia Kildonan & St. Andrews Independent to Progressive St. Clements Ste. Rose Independent to Conservative St. Boniface Independent-Farmer to Progressive Emerson (Italics indicate that incumbent changed allegiance) In Winnipeg, the seat distribution was changed as follows: + Winnipeg - distribution of seats (1927 vs 1922) Party 1922 1927 change MB Progressive row-name121 MB Conservative row-name231 MB Liberal row-name22 ILP 431 MB Independent-Moderationist row-name1–1Total1010 Turnovers on runoff In the single-member ridings, there were three cases where the first-place candidate on first-preference votes failed to win: Minnedosa - Summary of results (1927) |- ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Party ! rowspan="2"|Candidate ! colspan="2"|First-preference votes ! colspan="3"|Maximum votes |- style="text-align:right; background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center" ! Votes ! % FPv First-preference votes ! Votes ! Round ! Initial vs transfer votes mix MB Progressive row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Norman W.P. Shuttleworth | 1,405 | 41.89 | 1,581 | 2 | style="text-align:left;" |1581 1405 2000 MB Conservative row-name | style="text-align:left;" |George Compton | 1,377 | 41.06 | 1,595 | 2 | style="text-align:left;" |1595 1377 2000 MB Liberal row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Walter Cooper Richardson | 572 | 17.05 | 572 | 1 | style="text-align:left;" |572 572 2000 |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" |Total |3,354 |100.00 |colspan="3"|   |- | colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |Exhausted votes |178 |5.31% | style="text-align:left;" |178 0 2000 |} Morden & Rhineland - Summary of results (1927) |- ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Party ! rowspan="2"|Candidate ! colspan="2"|First-preference votes ! colspan="3"|Maximum votes |- style="text-align:right; background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center" ! Votes ! % FPv First-preference votes ! Votes ! Round ! Initial vs transfer votes mix MB Progressive row-name | style="text-align:left;" |John Henry Black | 1,075 | 41.20 | 1,132 | 2 | style="text-align:left;" |1132 1075 2000 MB Conservative row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Hugh McGavin | 1,016 | 38.94 | 1,252 | 2 | style="text-align:left;" |1252 1016 2000 MB Liberal row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Peter Buerckert | 518 | 19.85 | 518 | 1 | style="text-align:left;" |518 572 2000 |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" |Total |2,609 |100.00 |colspan="3"|   |- | colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |Exhausted votes |225 |8.62% | style="text-align:left;" |225 0 2000 |} Springfield - Summary of results (1927) |- ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Party ! rowspan="2"|Candidate ! colspan="2"|First-preference votes ! colspan="3"|Maximum votes |- style="text-align:right; background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center" ! Votes ! % FPv First-preference votes ! Votes ! Round ! Initial vs transfer votes mix MB Progressive row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Clifford Barclay | 1,459 | 43.70 | 1,489 | 2 | style="text-align:left;" |1489 1459 2000 MB Liberal row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Murdoch Mackay | 1,389 | 41.60 | 1,507 | 2 | style="text-align:left;" |1507 1389 2000 MB Conservative row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Theo Stefanik | 491 | 14.70 | 491 | 1 | style="text-align:left;" |491 491 2000 |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" |Total |3,339 |100.00 |colspan="3"|   |- | colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |Exhausted votes |343 |10.27% | style="text-align:left;" |343 0 2000 |} First-preference votes by riding lightgreen silver = won on first-preference votes, by receiving majority of valid votes in the first count. The candidate in the winning position in the first count won in the end in every district, except in the Minnedosa, Morden and Springfield districts, where the winner is indicated by his or her first count vote tally being in bold. (Note: that vote count was not the winner's final vote count.) RidingProgConLibILPIndInd-FrmInd-ModInd-ProgCommTotal Rural single-member ridingsArthur1,226 902 2,128Assiniboia471 1,380 520 1,320 566 4,257Beautiful Plains1,360 965 511 2,836Birtle1,134 635 742 2,511Brandon City489 1,288 3,526 5,303Carillon1,604 458 2,062Cypress1,091 1,235 311 2,637Dauphin920 1,022 647 2,589Deloraine1,174 1,014 369 2,557Dufferin1,790 1,047 307 3,144Emersonmultiple Independent candidates795 313 652 814 2,574Ethelbert 917 1,302 2,219Fairford437 296 358 1,091Fisher754 310 179 12 1,255Gilbert Plains1,021 592 315 1,928Gimli1,026 198 801 846 2,871Gladstone1,311 624 1,935Glenwood721 544 1,072 2,337Hamiota1,086 520 462 2,068IbervilleAcclaimedKildonan and St. Andrews1,134 1,387 1,159 3,680Killarney934 1,189 2,123Lakeside1,442 1,274 2,716Lansdowne 550 1,947 2,497La Verendrye1,074 440 581 2,095Manitou1,097 1,330 541 2,968Minnedosa1,405 1,377 572 3,354Morden and Rhineland1,075 1,016 518 2,609Morris1,663 285 1,948Mountain1,494 1,578 3,072Norfolk1,341 1,307 2,648Portage la Prairie 1,580 795 2,375Roblin734 1,057 270 2,061Rockwood1,486 719 474 66 2,745Rupertsland 81 145 216 442Russell1,227 936 903 254 3,320St. Boniface1,188 1,990 1,790 1,469 6,437St. Clements2,146 440 1,436 4,022St. George524 466 814 1,804Ste. Rose1,055 831 358 2,244Springfield1,459 491 1,389 3,339Swan River1,213 797 546 2,556The Pas582 454 1,036Turtle Mountain946 1,167 2,113VirdenAcclaimedWinnipeg (multi-member riding)Winnipeg8,794 13,362 11,029 11,470 3,200 836 2,015 50,706ProvincewideTotal52,423 44,320 33,852 15,987 8,495 1,302 3,200 1,618 2,015 163,212 a Winnipeg Eligible voters 67,124 Valid votes 50,706 Turnout: 76% 10 seats. Quota: 4,610 Elected: 2 Progressive Party, 3 Conservatives, 2 Liberals, 3 ILP (listed in same order as in above table) Rogers and Ivens passed quota in Round 21. Their surpluses were not transferred as they could not possibly have bridged the gap between the least-popular remaining candidate and the other two remaining contenders. With their election, there were only three remaining candidates and two remaining open seats. Downes was then declared defeated - his votes were not transferred as Tobias and Montgomery were the only ones still standing and there were two seats left to be filled Tobias and Montgomery were elected with partial quota, as the field of candidates had been thinned to the number of remaining open seats.Winnipeg Tribune, June 30, 1927 Winnipeg - Summary of results (1927) July 2, 1927 As Winnipeg Votes Were Counted https://digitalcollections.lib.umanitoba.ca/islandora/object/uofm%3A1646356 The Winnipeg Tribune 2 |- ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Label ! rowspan="2"|Candidate ! colspan="2"|First-preference votes ! colspan="3"|Maximum votes |- style="text-align:right; background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center" ! Votes ! % FPv First-preference votes ! Votes ! Round ! Initial vs transfer votes mix MB Conservative row-name | style="text-align:left;" |John Thomas Haig* | 5,108 | 10.07 | 5,108 | 1 | style="text-align:left;" |5108 5108 6000 MB Liberal row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Hugh Robson | 4,862 | 9.59 | 4,862 | 1 | style="text-align:left;" |4862 4862 6000 MB Conservative row-name | style="text-align:left;" |William Sanford Evans* | 4,551 | 8.98 | 4,800 | 3 | style="text-align:left;" |4800 4551 6000 MB CCF row | style="text-align:left;" |Independent Labour Party | style="text-align:left;" |John Queen* | 3,985 | 7.86 | 4,631 | 9 | style="text-align:left;" |4631 3985 6000 MB Progressive Party row-name | style="text-align:left;" |William Major | 3,713 | 7.32 | 5,142 | 14 | style="text-align:left;" |5142 3713 6000 MB CCF row | style="text-align:left;" |Independent Labour Party | style="text-align:left;" |Seymour Farmer* | 3,497 | 6.90 | 5,376 | 13 | style="text-align:left;" |5376 3497 6000 MB Progressive Party row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Edward Montgomery | 2,236 | 4.41 | 3,960 | 22 | style="text-align:left;" |3960 2236 6000 MB Independent-Moderationist row-name | style="text-align:left;" |John K. Downes* | 2,047 | 4.04 | 3,411 | 21 | style="text-align:left;" |3411 2047 6000 MB Communist Party row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Jacob Penner | 2,015 | 3.97 | 2,229 | 19 | style="text-align:left;" |2229 2015 6000 MB Conservative row-name | style="text-align:left;" |William Tobias | 1,687 | 3.33 | 4,114 | 22 | style="text-align:left;" |4114 1687 6000 MB Progressive Party row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Royal Burritt | 1,604 | 3.16 | 1,791 | 16 | style="text-align:left;" |1791 1604 6000 MB Liberal row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Edith Rogers* | 1,582 | 3.12 | 4,764 | 21 | style="text-align:left;" |4764 1582 6000 MB CCF row | style="text-align:left;" |Independent Labour Party | style="text-align:left;" |William Ivens* | 1,435 | 2.83 | 4,700 | 21 | style="text-align:left;" |4700 1435 6000 MB Liberal row-name | style="text-align:left;" |W.J. Lindal | 1,362 | 2.69 | 1,669 | 13 | style="text-align:left;" |1669 1362 6000 MB Liberal row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Duncan Cameron | 1,271 | 2.51 | 2,173 | 18 | style="text-align:left;" |2173 1271 6000 MB Progressive Party row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Max Steinkopf | 1,241 | 2.45 | 1,291 | 10 | style="text-align:left;" |1291 1241 6000 MB Liberal row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Ralph Maybank | 1,191 | 2.35 | 1,410 | 11 | style="text-align:left;" |1410 1191 6000 MB Independent-Moderationist row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Arthur Moore | 1,153 | 2.27 | 1,218 | 9 | style="text-align:left;" |1218 1153 6000 MB Conservative row-name | style="text-align:left;" |Theodore A. Hunt | 1,075 | 2.12 | 2,408 | 20 | style="text-align:left;" |2408 1075 6000 MB CCF row | style="text-align:left;" |Independent Labour Party | style="text-align:left;" |Sam Cartwright | 999 | 1.97 | 1,049 | 7 | style="text-align:left;" |1049 999 6000 MB CCF row | style="text-align:left;" |Independent Labour Party | style="text-align:left;" |R. Durward | 993 | 1.96 | 1,691 | 14 | style="text-align:left;" |1691 993 6000 MB Conservative row-name | style="text-align:left;" |R.A. Gillespie | 941 | 1.86 | 1,116 | 8 | style="text-align:left;" |1116 941 6000 MB Independent-Progressive Party row-name | style="text-align:left;" |F. Sedziak | 836 | 1.65 | 842 | 6 | style="text-align:left;" |842 836 6000 MB Liberal row-name | style="text-align:left;" |J. MacLean | 761 | 1.50 | 792 | 5 | style="text-align:left;" |792 762 6000 MB CCF row | style="text-align:left;" |Independent Labour Party | style="text-align:left;" |W.A. James | 561 | 1.11 | 562 | 4 | style="text-align:left;" |562 561 6000 |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" |Total |50,706 |100.00 |colspan="3"|   |- | colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |Exhausted votes |5,508 |10.86% | style="text-align:left;" |5508 0 6000 |} Transfers of surplus votes belonging to elected Conservatives Haig and Evans went in large numbers to Tobias, helping him take a seat although he was not in top ten in the first count. Communist candidate Penner's vote tally was not large enough for him to win a seat and he received few vote transfers, but many of his votes were transferred to help elect Ivens, the last ILP member to be elected. The Independent-Moderationist candidate Downes received some vote transfers from supporters of candidates running under other labels, but not enough to maintain a lead over party candidates (Rogers and Ivens) who although initially lower ranking compared to Downes, received many vote transfers from elected or eliminated candidates of the same party. In each party the most popular candidates maintained their position visa vis other candidates of the same party all the way through. The question was how many quota each party had at the start (taking all the party candidates together) and how many they would pick up from cross-party transfers - this set up how many seats each party would take. The seats were filled by the candidates in popularity order set by the voters. Party lists, if they had been used as in Party-list proportional representation, might have dictated that different persons would have filled the seats that were indirectly allocated to each party than were the choice of voters in this election. Sources The first ballot results for Winnipeg and results for all other constituencies are taken from an official Manitoba government publication entitled "Manitoba elections, 1920–1941", cross-referenced with the 1928 Canadian Parliamentary Guide, and an appendix to the Manitoba government's report of the 2003 provincial election. All ballot results for Winnipeg after the first count are taken from reports in the Winnipeg Free Press newspaper. It is possible that some errors appeared in the original publication. Post-election changes Birtle (John Pratt leaves the government side, early in the parliament). Lansdowne (res. Tobias Norris, 1928), 10 November 1928: Donald McKenzie (Liberal/Progressive) 1527 Harvey Hicks (C) 1260 Morris (William Clubb to new cabinet post, 18 May 1929), 30 May 1929: William Clubb (P) accl. Turtle Mountain (dec. Richard G. Willis, February 1929), 22 June 1929: Alexander Welch (C) 1327 W.E. Campbell (P) 995 Winnipeg (res. Hugh Robson, January 1930) Mountain (dec. Irving Cleghorn, 1930), 20 January 1930: Ivan Schultz (L [endorsed by Progressives]) accl. The Liberals formed an alliance with the governing Progressives in 1932. Brandon City (dec. John H. Edmison, 22 March 1932) References Further reading Hopkins J. Castell The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs, 1926–27 1927 The Annual Review Company Toronto https://archive.org/details/canadianannualre0000unse_x4e0 Category:1927 elections in Canada 1927 Category:1927 in Manitoba Category:June 1927 in Canada