1988 United States presidential election in Virginia

none June 2025 September 2023 1988 United States presidential election 1988 United States presidential election in Virginia Virginia presidential no 1984 United States presidential election in Virginia 1984 1992 United States presidential election in Virginia 1992 November 8, 1988 77.6%Registration/Turnout Reports - Summary of Virginia Registration & Turnout Statistics https://www.elections.virginia.gov/resultsreports/registrationturnout-statistics/ Virginia Department of Elections x200px File:VP George Bush crop.jpg George H. W. Bush Republican Party (United States) Texas Dan Quayle 12 1,309,162 59.74% File:Dukakis campaign portrait 3x4.jpg Michael Dukakis Democratic Party (United States) Massachusetts Lloyd Bentsen 0 859,799 39.23% 436px County and independent city results 436px Congressional district results 436px Precinct results Bush #F2B3BE 40–50% #e27f90 50–60% #cc2f4a 60–70% #d40000 70–80% #aa0000 80–90% #800000 90–100% Dukakis #b9d7ff 40–50% #86b6f2 50–60% #4389e3 60–70% #1666CB 70–80% #0645B4 80–90% #002B84 90–100% Other #D4C4DC Tie #808080 No vote President Ronald Reagan Republican Party (United States) George H. W. Bush Republican Party (United States) The 1988 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 8, 1988. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Virginia voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. Virginia was won by incumbent United States Vice President George H. W. Bush of Texas, who was running against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President, and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen. Most counties in Virginia turned out for Bush, including the highly populated regions of Virginia Beach and Fairfax County. Bush ran strongly in most parts of the state, but in particular, he cracked sixty percent in populous Fairfax County, outside Washington, D.C., and got over 2 3 and 3 4 of the vote in the Richmond suburbs of Henrico and Chesterfield, respectively, which contributed to the swelling of his statewide margin. Dukakis did well in Arlington County, the independent cities of Richmond and Norfolk, in Virginia's Black Belt counties, and in some then-traditionally Democratic counties in heavily-unionized southwest Virginia.Priest Dana 1989-10-01 COAL STRIKE STUBBORNLY PASSES 6-MONTH MARK IN VA. en-US Washington Post https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/10/01/coal-strike-stubbornly-passes-6-month-mark-in-va/dda5e2b1-283c-4842-aeb1-e55b3d63a496/ 2020-11-30 0190-8286 At the time, Virginia was considered to be a Republican stronghold. As of the 2024 presidential election, this is the last election in which Northampton County and the independent cities of Martinsville, Fredericksburg, and Hampton voted for a Republican presidential candidate. This was also the last time that a Republican won the majority of the vote in Fairfax County.Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016 Background Every Republican presidential nominee following World War II had won Virginia except for the victories of Harry S. Truman and Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1948 and 1964 elections. Virginia was the only southern state that Democratic nominee Jimmy Carter failed to win in the 1976 election.Moreland Steed Baker 1991 235-236 The Republicans held Virginia's governorship from the 1969 election until Democratic nominee Chuck Robb's victory in 1981. The Democrats had also reduced the Republican control over the state's United States House of Representatives delegation from nine of ten seats in 1980 to five seats in 1986.Moreland Steed Baker 1991 237 Primaries Jesse Jackson won the Democratic primary due to lower white turnout and increased black turnout. Jackson won 96% of the black vote and 12% of the white vote. Al Gore won 40% of the white vote while Michael Dukakis won 35%. The racial composition of the primary was 65% white and 35% black,Black Black 1992 263-266 and 49% of white voters participated in the Republican primary.Black Black 1992 288 +1988 Republican presidential primary1988 President Republican Primary https://historical.elections.virginia.gov/elections/view/47565/ July 24, 2024 Virginia Department of Elections: Historical Elections DatabaseFitz-Hugh Susan M. https://historical.elections.virginia.gov/data/serve_file_pages_for_item/47565/Election/ COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA OFFICIAL ELECTION RESULTS March 8, 1988: DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL PREFERENCE PRIMARY and REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL PREFERENCE PRIMARY PDFCandidateVotesGeorge H.W Bush124,738Bob Dole60,921Pat Robertson32,173Jack Kemp10,809Pete Du Pont1,229Alexander M. Haig, Jr.597Uncommitted3,675Total234,142 +1988 Democratic presidential primary1988 President Democratic Primary https://historical.elections.virginia.gov/elections/view/47564/ July 24, 2024 Virginia Department of Elections: Historical Elections DatabaseCandidateVotesJesse Jackson164,709Al Gore81,419Michael Dukakis80,183Paul Simon15,935Gary Hart7,045Bruce Babbitt2,454Lyndon Larouche746Uncommitted12,398Total364,899 Campaign Among white voters, 69% supported Bush while 30% supported Dukakis.Black Black 1992 295Black Black 1992 335 Bush placed first in all of the state's congressional districts. Robb won in the concurrent senatorial election despite the Republican presidential victory.Moreland Steed Baker 1991 239 Results 1988 United States presidential election in VirginiaClerk of the U.S. House of Representatives Clerk of the United States House of Representatives Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1988 https://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1988election.pdf U.S. Government Printing Office 50PartyCandidateVotesPercentageElectoral votes Republican George H. W. Bush 1,309,162 59.74% 12 Democratic Michael Dukakis 859,799 39.23% 0 Independent Lenora Fulani 14,312 0.65% 0 Libertarian Ron Paul 8,336 0.38% 0 Totals 2,191,609 100.0% 12 By city/county County orcity1988 President General Election https://historical.elections.virginia.gov/elections/view/48618/ September 13, 2024 Virginia Department of State: Historical Elections Database George H. W. BushRepublican Michael DukakisDemocratic Lenora Fulanihttps://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=2146 Our Campaigns VA US President Race, November 08, 1988Independent Ron PaulLibertarian Margin Total votes cast # % # % # % # % # % Accomack 6,926 60.01% 4,443 38.49% 125 1.08% 48 0.42% 2,483 21.52% 11,542 Albemarle 15,117 58.70% 10,363 40.24% 89 0.35% 184 0.71% 4,754 18.46% 25,753 Alexandria 20,913 45.66% 24,358 53.18% 347 0.76% 186 0.41% -3,445 -7.52% 45,804 Alleghany 2,555 51.87% 2,316 47.02% 42 0.85% 13 0.26% 239 4.85% 4,926 Amelia 2,187 60.85% 1,359 37.81% 26 0.72% 22 0.61% 828 23.04% 3,594 Amherst 6,507 64.10% 3,567 35.14% 45 0.44% 32 0.32% 2,940 28.96% 10,151 Appomattox 3,205 63.59% 1,740 34.52% 53 1.05% 42 0.83% 1,465 29.07% 5,040 Arlington 34,191 45.37% 40,314 53.49% 442 0.59% 418 0.55% -6,123 -8.12% 75,365 Augusta 13,251 75.14% 4,170 23.65% 145 0.82% 68 0.39% 9,081 51.49% 17,634 Bath 1,273 58.74% 881 40.66% 8 0.37% 5 0.23% 392 18.08% 2,167 Bedford 10,702 65.33% 5,406 33.00% 205 1.25% 69 0.42% 5,296 32.33% 16,382 Bedford City 1,322 56.79% 960 41.24% 36 1.55% 10 0.43% 362 15.55% 2,328 Bland 1,556 61.12% 937 36.80% 38 1.49% 15 0.59% 619 24.32% 2,546 Botetourt 5,687 59.30% 3,763 39.23% 92 0.96% 49 0.51% 1,924 20.07% 9,591 Bristol 4,407 63.92% 2,446 35.47% 28 0.41% 14 0.20% 1,961 28.44% 6,895 Brunswick 2,742 46.60% 3,070 52.18% 44 0.75% 28 0.48% -328 -5.58% 5,884 Buchanan 3,912 35.68% 6,935 63.25% 100 0.91% 18 0.16% -3,023 -27.57% 10,965 Buckingham 2,481 55.49% 1,941 43.41% 32 0.72% 17 0.38% 540 12.08% 4,471 Buena Vista 1,121 56.08% 828 41.42% 37 1.85% 13 0.65% 293 14.66% 1,999 Campbell 12,713 72.51% 4,574 26.09% 193 1.10% 53 0.30% 8,139 46.42% 17,533 Caroline 3,065 48.71% 3,186 50.64% 21 0.33% 20 0.32% -121 -1.93% 6,292 Carroll 6,377 66.17% 3,190 33.10% 41 0.43% 29 0.30% 3,187 33.07% 9,637 Charles City 826 30.59% 1,839 68.11% 18 0.67% 17 0.63% -1,013 -37.52% 2,700 Charlotte 2,699 57.44% 1,923 40.92% 56 1.19% 21 0.45% 776 16.52% 4,699 Charlottesville 5,817 42.61% 7,671 56.19% 62 0.45% 102 0.75% -1,854 -13.58% 13,652 Chesapeake 29,738 60.87% 18,828 38.54% 173 0.35% 116 0.24% 10,910 22.33% 48,855 Chesterfield 58,828 75.34% 18,723 23.98% 262 0.34% 270 0.35% 40,105 51.36% 78,083 Clarke 2,502 62.24% 1,478 36.77% 12 0.30% 28 0.70% 1,024 25.47% 4,020 Clifton Forge 759 43.65% 961 55.26% 10 0.58% 9 0.52% -202 -11.61% 1,739 Colonial Heights 6,001 78.57% 1,581 20.70% 25 0.33% 31 0.41% 4,420 57.87% 7,638 Covington 1,274 43.70% 1,567 53.76% 41 1.41% 33 1.13% -293 -10.06% 2,915 Craig 1,112 55.46% 864 43.09% 16 0.80% 13 0.65% 248 12.37% 2,005 Culpeper 5,896 68.57% 2,555 29.71% 103 1.20% 45 0.52% 3,341 38.86% 8,599 Cumberland 1,978 62.61% 1,132 35.83% 34 1.08% 15 0.47% 846 26.78% 3,159 Danville 12,221 61.49% 7,353 37.00% 224 1.13% 76 0.38% 4,868 24.49% 19,874 Dickenson 3,091 40.65% 4,461 58.67% 36 0.47% 16 0.21% -1,370 -18.02% 7,604 Dinwiddie 4,165 54.38% 3,405 44.46% 51 0.67% 38 0.50% 760 9.92% 7,659 Emporia 1,289 56.61% 977 42.91% 7 0.31% 4 0.18% 312 13.70% 2,277 Essex 2,038 60.56% 1,294 38.45% 17 0.51% 16 0.48% 744 22.11% 3,365 Fairfax 200,641 61.10% 125,711 38.28% 892 0.27% 1,121 0.34% 74,930 22.82% 328,365 Fairfax City 5,576 61.27% 3,430 37.69% 49 0.54% 46 0.51% 2,146 23.58% 9,101 Falls Church 2,470 49.51% 2,484 49.79% 17 0.34% 18 0.36% -14 -0.28% 4,989 Fauquier 11,733 69.86% 4,837 28.80% 161 0.96% 65 0.39% 6,896 41.06% 16,796 Floyd 2,921 61.69% 1,727 36.47% 56 1.18% 31 0.65% 1,194 25.22% 4,735 Fluvanna 2,447 60.29% 1,562 38.48% 26 0.64% 24 0.59% 885 21.81% 4,059 Franklin 7,391 55.73% 5,734 43.24% 90 0.68% 46 0.35% 1,657 12.49% 13,261 Franklin City 1,557 48.50% 1,630 50.78% 12 0.37% 11 0.34% -73 -2.28% 3,210 Frederick 9,921 72.33% 3,707 27.02% 42 0.31% 47 0.34% 6,214 45.31% 13,717 Fredericksburg 3,401 55.26% 2,683 43.60% 40 0.65% 30 0.49% 718 11.66% 6,154 Galax 1,278 58.09% 907 41.23% 8 0.36% 7 0.32% 371 16.86% 2,200 Giles 3,490 52.50% 3,042 45.76% 80 1.20% 36 0.54% 448 6.74% 6,648 Gloucester 7,646 68.38% 3,372 30.16% 116 1.04% 47 0.42% 4,274 38.22% 11,181 Goochland 3,765 62.61% 2,209 36.74% 20 0.33% 19 0.32% 1,556 25.87% 6,013 Grayson 3,968 61.51% 2,441 37.84% 35 0.54% 7 0.11% 1,527 23.67% 6,451 Greene 2,234 69.29% 899 27.88% 72 2.23% 19 0.59% 1,335 41.41% 3,224 Greensville 1,610 43.13% 2,083 55.80% 24 0.64% 16 0.43% -473 -12.67% 3,733 Halifax 5,671 56.02% 4,282 42.30% 97 0.96% 74 0.73% 1,389 13.72% 10,124 Hampton 24,034 54.85% 19,106 43.60% 527 1.20% 151 0.34% 4,928 11.25% 43,818 Hanover 20,570 76.99% 5,985 22.40% 75 0.28% 88 0.33% 14,585 54.59% 26,718 Harrisonburg 5,376 64.86% 2,799 33.77% 84 1.01% 29 0.35% 2,577 31.09% 8,288 Henrico 62,284 69.29% 26,980 30.02% 378 0.42% 245 0.27% 35,304 39.27% 89,887 Henry 10,871 58.04% 7,536 40.24% 258 1.38% 64 0.34% 3,335 17.80% 18,729 Highland 807 62.75% 456 35.46% 13 1.01% 10 0.78% 351 27.29% 1,286 Hopewell 4,672 63.48% 2,566 34.86% 93 1.26% 29 0.39% 2,106 28.62% 7,360 Isle of Wight 5,779 60.07% 3,747 38.95% 63 0.65% 32 0.33% 2,032 21.12% 9,621 James City 8,945 64.95% 4,642 33.70% 124 0.90% 62 0.45% 4,303 31.25% 13,773 King and Queen 1,376 50.46% 1,309 48.00% 26 0.95% 16 0.59% 67 2.46% 2,727 King George 2,587 62.40% 1,519 36.64% 21 0.51% 19 0.46% 1,068 25.76% 4,146 King William 2,735 62.89% 1,561 35.89% 31 0.71% 22 0.51% 1,174 27.00% 4,349 Lancaster 3,380 67.02% 1,551 30.76% 84 1.67% 28 0.56% 1,829 36.26% 5,043 Lee 4,080 45.11% 4,906 54.24% 30 0.33% 29 0.32% -826 -9.13% 9,045 Lexington 994 49.11% 997 49.26% 21 1.04% 12 0.59% -3 -0.15% 2,024 Loudoun 20,448 66.26% 10,101 32.73% 206 0.67% 107 0.35% 10,347 33.53% 30,862 Louisa 3,831 57.16% 2,789 41.61% 42 0.63% 40 0.60% 1,042 15.55% 6,702 Lunenburg 2,530 56.27% 1,870 41.59% 76 1.69% 20 0.44% 660 14.68% 4,496 Lynchburg 15,323 64.04% 8,279 34.60% 243 1.02% 81 0.34% 7,044 29.44% 23,926 Madison 2,501 62.12% 1,427 35.44% 59 1.47% 39 0.97% 1,074 26.68% 4,026 Manassas 5,980 68.59% 2,658 30.49% 55 0.63% 26 0.30% 3,322 38.10% 8,719 Manassas Park 993 68.67% 434 30.01% 9 0.62% 10 0.69% 559 38.66% 1,446 Martinsville 3,360 53.64% 2,794 44.60% 86 1.37% 24 0.38% 566 9.04% 6,264 Mathews 2,752 67.52% 1,235 30.30% 57 1.40% 32 0.79% 1,517 37.22% 4,076 Mecklenburg 5,887 63.45% 3,275 35.30% 71 0.77% 45 0.49% 2,612 28.15% 9,278 Middlesex 2,571 63.99% 1,361 33.87% 42 1.05% 44 1.10% 1,210 30.12% 4,018 Montgomery 12,326 57.48% 8,909 41.55% 98 0.46% 111 0.52% 3,417 15.93% 21,444 Nelson 2,502 51.60% 2,272 46.86% 35 0.72% 40 0.82% 230 4.74% 4,849 New Kent 2,917 66.54% 1,427 32.55% 20 0.46% 20 0.46% 1,490 33.99% 4,384 Newport News 32,570 59.88% 21,413 39.37% 287 0.53% 125 0.23% 11,157 20.51% 54,395 Norfolk 30,538 44.33% 37,778 54.84% 347 0.50% 228 0.33% -7,240 -10.51% 68,891 Northampton 2,562 52.00% 2,242 45.50% 94 1.91% 29 0.59% 320 6.50% 4,927 Northumberland 2,984 65.14% 1,506 32.87% 61 1.33% 30 0.65% 1,478 32.27% 4,581 Norton 608 42.73% 795 55.87% 15 1.05% 5 0.35% -187 -13.14% 1,423 Nottoway 3,161 57.38% 2,217 40.24% 103 1.87% 28 0.51% 944 17.14% 5,509 Orange 4,319 61.57% 2,592 36.95% 69 0.98% 35 0.50% 1,727 24.62% 7,015 Page 5,013 66.18% 2,499 32.99% 35 0.46% 28 0.37% 2,514 33.19% 7,575 Patrick 3,990 64.06% 2,093 33.60% 124 1.99% 22 0.35% 1,897 30.46% 6,229 Petersburg 4,231 33.60% 8,177 64.94% 131 1.04% 52 0.41% -3,946 -31.34% 12,591 Pittsylvania 12,229 63.69% 6,612 34.44% 283 1.47% 77 0.40% 5,617 29.25% 19,201 Poquoson 3,840 80.83% 877 18.46% 18 0.38% 16 0.34% 2,963 62.37% 4,751 Portsmouth 16,087 44.61% 19,698 54.63% 166 0.46% 108 0.30% -3,611 -10.02% 36,059 Powhatan 4,040 72.91% 1,467 26.48% 16 0.29% 18 0.32% 2,573 46.43% 5,541 Prince Edward 3,147 55.02% 2,434 42.55% 95 1.66% 44 0.77% 713 12.47% 5,720 Prince George 4,982 66.29% 2,469 32.85% 38 0.51% 26 0.35% 2,513 33.44% 7,515 Prince William 39,654 66.70% 19,198 32.29% 434 0.73% 167 0.28% 20,456 34.41% 59,453 Pulaski 6,844 58.40% 4,686 39.99% 140 1.19% 49 0.42% 2,158 18.41% 11,719 Radford 2,481 56.84% 1,855 42.50% 21 0.48% 8 0.18% 626 14.34% 4,365 Rappahannock 1,657 61.69% 1,003 37.34% 8 0.30% 18 0.67% 654 24.35% 2,686 Richmond 1,862 66.24% 924 32.87% 15 0.53% 10 0.36% 938 33.37% 2,811 Richmond City 31,586 42.26% 42,155 56.41% 639 0.86% 356 0.48% -10,569 -14.15% 74,736 Roanoke 22,011 62.61% 12,938 36.80% 115 0.33% 93 0.26% 9,073 25.81% 35,157 Roanoke City 15,389 46.90% 17,185 52.37% 132 0.40% 107 0.33% -1,796 -5.47% 32,813 Rockbridge 3,541 58.41% 2,412 39.79% 65 1.07% 44 0.73% 1,129 18.62% 6,062 Rockingham 13,241 72.59% 4,716 25.85% 190 1.04% 94 0.52% 8,525 46.74% 18,241 Russell 4,374 40.68% 6,222 57.86% 130 1.21% 27 0.25% -1,848 -17.18% 10,753 Salem 5,694 59.77% 3,760 39.47% 40 0.42% 33 0.35% 1,934 20.30% 9,527 Scott 4,986 56.76% 3,616 41.16% 139 1.58% 44 0.50% 1,370 15.60% 8,785 Shenandoah 8,612 71.74% 3,276 27.29% 67 0.56% 49 0.41% 5,336 44.45% 12,004 Smyth 7,446 63.49% 3,989 34.02% 236 2.01% 56 0.48% 3,457 29.47% 11,727 South Boston 1,694 64.05% 936 35.39% 11 0.42% 4 0.15% 758 28.66% 2,645 Southampton 3,439 52.96% 3,000 46.20% 35 0.54% 19 0.29% 439 6.76% 6,493 Spotsylvania 10,978 66.16% 5,486 33.06% 84 0.51% 45 0.27% 5,492 33.10% 16,593 Stafford 12,234 69.07% 5,380 30.37% 55 0.31% 43 0.24% 6,854 38.70% 17,712 Staunton 5,775 69.29% 2,457 29.48% 87 1.04% 15 0.18% 3,318 39.81% 8,334 Suffolk 9,742 54.27% 8,080 45.01% 79 0.44% 49 0.27% 1,662 9.26% 17,950 Surry 1,246 42.98% 1,602 55.26% 22 0.76% 29 1.00% -356 -12.28% 2,899 Sussex 1,822 46.77% 1,958 50.26% 79 2.03% 37 0.95% -136 -3.49% 3,896 Tazewell 7,165 46.37% 8,098 52.40% 152 0.98% 38 0.25% -933 -6.03% 15,453 Virginia Beach 76,481 68.89% 33,780 30.43% 397 0.36% 360 0.32% 42,701 38.46% 111,018 Warren 4,700 61.86% 2,769 36.44% 103 1.36% 26 0.34% 1,931 25.42% 7,598 Washington 10,722 63.45% 5,819 34.43% 293 1.73% 65 0.38% 4,903 29.02% 16,899 Waynesboro 4,672 68.72% 2,038 29.97% 67 0.99% 22 0.32% 2,634 38.75% 6,799 Westmoreland 2,974 55.38% 2,311 43.04% 60 1.12% 25 0.47% 663 12.34% 5,370 Williamsburg 1,648 50.91% 1,534 47.39% 26 0.80% 29 0.90% 114 3.52% 3,237 Winchester 4,497 65.53% 2,300 33.52% 25 0.36% 40 0.58% 2,197 32.01% 6,862 Wise 6,189 46.23% 7,017 52.42% 130 0.97% 50 0.37% -828 -6.19% 13,386 Wythe 5,827 63.17% 3,201 34.70% 170 1.84% 27 0.29% 2,626 28.47% 9,225 York 11,103 69.96% 4,639 29.23% 84 0.53% 45 0.28% 6,464 40.73% 15,871Totals1,309,16259.74%859,79939.23%14,3120.65%8,3360.38%449,36320.51%2,191,609 Counties and independent cities that flipped from Republican to Democratic 20em Lee Tazewell Wise Clifton Forge Covington Falls Church Franklin Lexington Roanoke See also Presidency of George H. W. Bush References Works cited Black Earl Earl Black (political scientist) Black Merle Merle Black The Vital South: How Presidents Are Elected Harvard University Press 1992 https://archive.org/details/vitalsouthhowpre0000blac 0674941306 Moreland Laurence Steed Robert Baker Tod The 1988 Presidential Election in the South: Continuity Amidst Change in Southern Party Politics Praeger Publishers 1991 https://archive.org/details/1988presidential0000unse 0275931455 Virginia 1988 Category:1988 Virginia elections