1980 in science

none 1980 science 1980 The year 1980 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy and space exploration February 16 – A total solar eclipse is seen in North Africa and West Asia. March 1 – The Voyager 1 probe confirms the existence of Janus, a moon of Saturn. October 3 – The main-belt asteroid 2404 Antarctica is discovered by Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos. November 12 – Voyager program: The NASA space probe Voyager I makes its closest approach to Saturn when it flies within 77000 mi km of the planet's cloud-tops and sends the first high resolution images of the world back to scientists on Earth. Chemistry John B. Goodenough, working with colleagues at the University of Oxford Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, identifies the cathode material that enables development of the rechargeable lithium-ion battery.Mizushima, K. Jones, P. C. Wiseman, P. J. Goodenough, J. B. LixCoO2 (0<x≪-1): A new cathode material for batteries of high energy density Materials Research Bulletin June 1980 15 6 783–789 10.1016/0025-5408(80)90012-4 97799722 Alan Dronsfield Inorganic Chemical Laboratory, Oxford/John Goodenough Landmark Award http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/rschg/Newsletter/NL1101.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20150924132055/http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/rschg/Newsletter/NL1101.pdf 2015-09-24 25–27 RSC Historical Group Newsletter Royal Society of Chemistry 2012-01-17 January 2011 Royal Society of Chemistry formed by merger of the Royal Institute of Chemistry, the Chemical Society, the Faraday Society and the Society for Analytical Chemistry, with headquarters in London. Computer science May 22 – The arcade game Pac-Man is released in Japan. June 23 – Tim Berners-Lee begins work on ENQUIRE,http://ref.web.cern.ch/ref/CERN/CNL/2001/001/www-history/Pr/ Cern Authentication ref.web.CERN.ch January 8, 2018 the system that will lead to the creation of the World Wide Web a decade later. July – Microsoft's Bill Gates agrees to create an operating system for the new IBM Personal Computer. In September, David Bradley becomes one of the "original 12" engineers working on the project (under Don Estridge) and is responsible for the ROM BIOS codeMary Bellis IBM History http://inventors.about.com/od/computersandinternet/a/Ibm-History.htm https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120427191240/http://inventors.about.com/od/computersandinternet/a/Ibm%2DHistory.htm 2012-04-27 About.com 2011-11-30 and for developing the Control-Alt-Delete command.Thank this guy for 'control-alt-delete' Abe Aamidor The Indianapolis Star http://www.gannettonline.com/e/trends/18001162.html 2011-11-30 2017-09-10 https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181929/http://www.gannettonline.com/e/trends/18001162.html September – The "Chinese room" argument is introduced in a paper by John Searle.Searle John Minds, brains, and programs Behavioral and Brain Sciences https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/minds-brains-and-programs/DC644B47A4299C637C89772FACC2706A 1980 3 3 417–424 10.1017/s0140525x00005756 55303721 2009-05-13 subscription September 30 – Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel and Xerox introduce the DIX standard for Ethernet, which is the first implementation outside of Xerox and the first to support 10 Mbit/s speeds. Atari release a conversion of the hit arcade game Space Invaders for the Atari 2600 which popularises the home video game console. Usenet established at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University.From Usenet to CoWebs: interacting with social information spaces Lueg, Christopher Fisher, Danyel London Springer 2003 978-1-85233-532-8 Convolutional neural networks are introduced in a paper by Kunihiko Fukushima.Fukushima Kunihiko Neocognitron: A Self-organizing Neural Network Model for a Mechanism of Pattern Recognition Unaffected by Shift in Position Biological Cybernetics 1980 36 4 193–202 http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/spr08/cos598B/Readings/Fukushima1980.pdf 2013-12-10 10.1007/bf00344251 7370364 206775608Ciresan Dan Ueli Meier Jürgen Schmidhuber 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Multi-column deep neural networks for image classification June 2012 3642–3649 10.1109/CVPR.2012.6248110 1202.2745 978-1-4673-1226-4 812295155 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers New York 2161592 Geophysics May 18 – The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano in Washington (state) kills 57, including American volcanologist David A. Johnston. June 6 – Luis and Walter Alvarez with Frank Asaro and Helen Michels propose the Alvarez hypothesis, that the mass extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by the impact of a large asteroid 66 million years ago, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction Alvarez, Luis W. Alvarez, Walter Asaro, Frank Michel, Helen V. 1980 Science 208 4448 1095–1108 10.1126/science.208.4448.1095 17783054 1980Sci...208.1095A 16017767 October 10 – The 7.1 w El Asnam earthquake shakes northern Algeria with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), killing 2,633–5,000. November 23 – The 6.9 w Irpinia earthquake shakes southern Italy with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), killing 2,483–4,900. History of science and technology Voprosy istorii estestvozhaniyi i tekhniki ("Questions of the history of science and technology") begins publication under the auspices of the Academy of Sciences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Medicine May 8 – Global eradication of smallpox certified by the World Health Organization. August 28 – First clinically useful image of a patient's internal tissues using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is obtained using a full-body scanner built by a team led by John Mallard at the University of Aberdeen.Profiles John Mallard http://www.bshr.org.uk/mallard.html 2021-02-27 2021-02-27 2020-10-22 https://web.archive.org/web/20201022000049/http://www.bshr.org.uk/mallard.html December – First successful human heart transplantation to use the immunosuppressant cyclosporine.https://books.google.com/books?id=YWXlBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA58 The Search for Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Case Histories from Concept to Clinic Borel J. F. Jean-Francois Borel Kis Z. L. Beveridge T. Springer Science & Business Media 2012 978-1-4615-9848-0 Merluzzi Vincent J. 58 2: The History of the Discovery and Development of Cyclosporine Adams Julianhttps://www.ishlt.org/ishlt/media/ISHLT/Content%20Documents/2017Jun_Links.pdf Recapitulation of the Opening Plenary Session: San Diego 2017 Valentine Vincent June 2017 Links ISHLT 2018-07-28 Global campaign to eradicate Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) begins at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The much-enlarged third edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), produced under the control of Robert Spitzer, is published.10.1002/jhbs.20103 Mayes R. Horwitz A. V. 2005 DSM-III and the revolution in the classification of mental illness Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 15981242 41 3 249–67Wilson M. 1993 DSM-III and the transformation of American psychiatry: a history American Journal of Psychiatry 150 399–410 8434655 3 10.1176/ajp.150.3.399Spiegel Alix http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/01/03/050103fa_fact The Dictionary of Disorder: How one man revolutionized psychiatry The New Yorker 2005-01-03 56–63 2011-06-04 https://web.archive.org/web/20110606141855/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/01/03/050103fa_fact 6 June 2011 live First commercial MRI whole body scanner manufactured by Oxford Instruments for installation at Hammersmith Hospital, London.MRI Scanner (1980) http://oxonblueplaques.org.uk/plaques/mri.html Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Scheme Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board 2011-06-02 2012-01-06 Paleontology First four (ankle) bones of "Little Foot" (Stw 573), a nearly complete young female Australopithecus fossil skeleton capable of walking upright are found in the cave system of Sterkfontein, South Africa, eventually dated at around 3.67 million years BP but not identified at this time.Geggel Laura 'Miracle' Excavation of 'Little Foot' Skeleton Reveals Mysterious Human Relative https://www.livescience.com/64275-little-foot-hominin-excavated.html 2018-12-11 Live Science 2018-12-11 Physics German physician Klaus von Klitzing, working at the high magnetic field laboratory in Grenoble with silicon-based samples developed by Michael Pepper and Gerhard Dorda, makes the unexpected discovery that the Hall conductivity is exactly quantized, the Quantum Hall effect. Technology English watchmaker George Daniels patents the coaxial escapement.Dr George Daniels CBE https://www.danielslondon.com/dr-george-daniels-cbe/ Daniels London 2025-03-28 Zoology The Cooloola monster, an orthopteran, is discovered in Queensland, Australia. Other events January 6 – Global Positioning System time epoch begins at 00:00 UTC. Awards Nobel Prizes Physics – James Watson Cronin, Val Logsdon Fitch Chemistry – Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger Medicine – Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D. Snell Turing Award – C. A. R. Hoare Births January 31 – Dan Milisavljevic, Canadian astronomer. November 22 – Shawn Fanning, American computer programmer. Victoria Herridge, British palaentologist. Deaths January 2 – Alexandra Illmer Forsythe (b. 1918), American computer scientist. January 3 – Joy Adamson (b. 1910), Silesian-born Kenyan wildlife conservationist (murdered). January 8 – John Mauchly (b. 1907), American co-inventor of the ENIAC computer. February 1 – Toshiko Yuasa (b. 1909), Japanese-born nuclear physicist. February 7 – Secondo Campini (b. 1904), Italian jet engine pioneer. March 18 – Ludwig Guttmann (b. 1899), German-born British neurologist and pioneer of paralympic games. May 28 – Rolf Nevanlinna (b. 1895), Finnish mathematician. June 18 – Kazimierz Kuratowski (b. 1896), Polish mathematician. July 1 – C. P. Snow (b. 1905), English physicist and novelist. August 5 – Joachim Hämmerling (b. 1901), German-born Danish biologist. August 29 – Franco Basaglia (b. 1924), Italian psychiatrist. October 18 – Hans Ferdinand Mayer (b. 1895), German physicist. October 21 – Hans Asperger (b. 1906), Austrian pediatrician. October 31 – Elizebeth Smith Friedman (b. 1892), American cryptanalyst. November 4 – Elsie MacGill (b. 1905), Canadian aeronautical engineer, "Queen of the Hurricanes". December 16 – Hellmuth Walter (b. 1900), German-born mechanical engineer and inventor. References Category:20th century in science Category:1980s in science