1918 in science

none 1918 science 1918 The following events in science and technology occurred in the year 1918. Astronomy June 8 – Nova Aquila, the brightest observed since 1604, is discovered. Kiyotsugu Hirayama identifies several groups of main belt asteroids, now known as Hirayama families. Harlow Shapley demonstrates that globular clusters are arranged in a spheroid or halo whose center is not the Earth, but the center of the galaxy. Heber Curtis discovers a relativistic jet of matter emerging from Elliptical galaxy M87. Biology February 21 – The last known Carolina parakeet (the only parrot species native to the eastern United States) dies in Cincinnati Zoo. Around 1000 pilot whales strand in the Chatham Islands. R. A. Fisher puts forward a genetic model that shows that continuous variation could be the result of Mendelian inheritance in his paper "The Correlation Between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance". J. Henri Fabre's The Sacred Beetle, and others published in English.Fabre Jean-Henri http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8946 The Sacred Beetle, and others 1918 Dodd, Mead and Company New York Teixeira de Mattos Alexander 10.5962/bhl.title.8946 Jacques Loeb's Forced Movements, Tropisms, and Animal Conduct published in the United States.Loeb Jacques https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/18452 Forced movements, tropisms, and animal conduct 1918 J.B. Lippincott company Philadelphia and London 10.5962/bhl.title.18452 Cryptography February 23 – Arthur Scherbius applies to patent the Enigma machine.Singh Simon Simon Singh 1999 The Code Book: the Science of Secrecy from Ancient Egypt to Quantum Cryptography London Fourth Estate 127 978-1-85702-879-9 The Code Book: the Science of Secrecy from Ancient Egypt to Quantum Cryptography Edward Hugh Hebern patents the Hebern rotor machine. History of science Technisches Museum Wien opens in Vienna. Mathematics Felix Hausdorff introduces the concept of the fractional Hausdorff dimension.Tony Crilly 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know London Quercus 2007 978-1-84724-008-8 97 Gaston Julia describes the iteration of a rational function.Mémoire sur l'itération des fonctions rationnelles Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées 8 47–245 Physics July 26 – Emmy Noether introduces what becomes known as Noether's theorem, from which conservation laws are deduced for symmetries of angular momentum, linear momentum and energy, at Göttingen, Germany. Josef Lense and Hans Thirring find the gravitomagnetic precession of gyroscopes in the equations of general relativity. Hans Reissner and Gunnar Nordström solve the Einstein and Maxwell field equations for charged spherically symmetric non-rotating systems. Friedrich Kottler gets a Schwarzschild solution without Einstein vacuum field equations. Physiology and medicine January – 1918 flu pandemic: "Spanish 'flu" (influenza) first observed in Haskell County, Kansas.John M. Barry John M. Barry The Great Influenza: The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History https://archive.org/details/greatinfluenzaep00barr registration New York Penguin Books 2005 2004 March 26 – Dr. Marie Stopes publishes her influential book Married Love in the U.K., following it with Wise Parenthood, a treatise on birth control. June–August – "Spanish 'flu" becomes pandemic.http://www.pasteur.fr/infosci/conf/CRC/Grippe_CRC.ppt Institut Pasteur La Grippe Espagnole de 1918 3 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110604144218/http://www.pasteur.fr/infosci/conf/CRC/Grippe_CRC.ppt 4 June 2011 dead September 7 – J. B. Christopherson publishes his discovery that antimony potassium tartrate is an effective cure for bilharzia.10.1016/S0140-6736(01)02807-0 The Successful Use of Antimony in Bilharziosis 1918 Christopherson J. B. The Lancet 192 4958 325 https://zenodo.org/record/1907214 Hartog Jacob Hamburger describes the chloride shift.Hamburger H. J. Anionenwanderungen in serum und blut unter dem einfluss von CO2, Saure und Akali Biochemische Zeitschrift 1918 86 309–324 Technology April 10 – Alexander M. Nicolson files a United States patent for the radio crystal oscillator.Nicolson, Alexander M. Generating and transmitting electric currents 2212845, granted August 27, 1940. July – American cinematographer Frank D. Williams is granted a patent for the "Williams process" of travelling matte.1273435. Edwin Howard Armstrong develops the superheterodyne receiver.Radio/Broadcasting Timeline CBN History WCBN http://www.wcbn.org/history/wcbntime.html 2019-10-23 2022-03-01 https://web.archive.org/web/20220301024429/http://www.wcbn.org/history/wcbntime.html dead George Constantinescu publishes Theory of sonics: a treatise on transmission of power by vibrations,London: The Admiralty. originating the study of this branch of continuum mechanics. Theodore von Karman and Asbóth Oszkár build the first co-axial helicopter. Charles Strite invents the pop-up toaster.1394450, granted October 18, 1921. Awards Nobel Prize Physics – Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck Chemistry – Fritz HaberThese Nobel Prize Winners Weren't Always Noble https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/10/151005-nobel-laureates-forget-racist-sexist-science/ https://web.archive.org/web/20200808155045/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/10/151005-nobel-laureates-forget-racist-sexist-science/ dead August 8, 2020 National Geographic News 19 January 2021 6 October 2015 Medicine – not awarded Births January 23 – Gertrude B. Elion (died 1999), American pharmacologist, Nobel laureate. January 27 – Antonín Mrkos (died 1996), Czech astronomer. March 13 – Marjorie Blamey (died 2019), English botanical illustrator. March 16 – Frederick Reines (died 1998), American physicist, Nobel laureate.Wilford John Noble Frederick Reines Dies at 80; Nobelist Discovered Neutrino https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/28/us/frederick-reines-dies-at-80-nobelist-discovered-neutrino.html 24 October 2021 The New York Times 28 August 1998 subscription April 4 – Joseph Ashbrook (died 1980), American astronomer. April 25 – Gérard de Vaucouleurs (died 1995), French astronomer. May 11 – Richard Feynman (died 1988), American physicist, Nobel laureate. May 20 – Alexandra Illmer Forsythe (died 1980), American computer scientist June 6 – Edwin G. Krebs (died 2009), American biochemist, Nobel laureate. July 15 Bertram Brockhouse (died 2003), Canadian physicist. Brenda Milner, English-born neuropsychologist. July 16 – Samuel Victor Perry (died 2009), English biochemist, pioneer in the field of muscle biochemistry. August 3 – Cheng Kaijia (died 2018), Chinese nuclear physicist. August 13 – Frederick Sanger (died 2013), English molecular biologist, double Nobel laureate. August 26 – Katherine Johnson (died 2020), African American mathematician and space physicist. August 29 – John Herivel (died 2011), British cryptanalyst and science historian. September 8 – Derek Barton (died 1998), English-born organic chemist, Nobel laureate. September 27 – Martin Ryle (died 1984), English radio astronomer. October 4 – Adrian Kantrowitz (died 2008), American cardiac surgeon. November 10 – Ernst Otto Fischer (died 2007), German chemist, Nobel laureate. November 19 – Hendrik C. van de Hulst (died 2000), Dutch astronomer. December 25 – Tamara Mikhaylovna Smirnova (died 2001), Russian astronomer. Eleanor C. Pressly (died 2003), American mathematician and aeronautical engineer. Deaths January 6 – Georg Cantor (born 1845), German mathematician. January 26 – Ewald Hering (born 1834), German physiologist. January 31 – Ivan Puluj (born 1845), Austrian-born Ukrainian physicist. April 20 – Karl Ferdinand Braun (born 1850), German physicist, Nobel laureate. May 1 – G. K. Gilbert (born 1843), American geologist. May 31 – Alexander Mitscherlich (born 1836), German chemist. June 13 – Samuel Jean de Pozzi (born 1846), French gynaecologist. June 27 – George Mary Searle (born 1839), American astronomer. June 29 – Alfred Senier (born 1853), Irish chemist. September 7 – Peter Ludwig Mejdell Sylow (born 1832), Norwegian mathematician. August 22 – Korbinian Brodmann (born 1868), German neurologist. October 28 – Ulisse Dini (born 1845), Italian mathematician. November 3 – Aleksandr Lyapunov (born 1857), Russian mathematician and physicist. November 29 – Thomas Allinson (born 1858), English physician and dietetic reformer. December 26 – William Hampton Patton (born 1853), American entomologist. December 27 – Birt Acres (born 1854), American-born English pioneer of cinematography. References Category:20th century in science Category:1910s in science