1992–93 South Pacific cyclone season

Tropical cyclone season SPac 1993 1992-93 South Pacific cyclone season summary.png December 3, 1992 April 6, 1993 Prema 940 100 10 12 10 6 None reported 18.5 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1994–95 1992–93 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 1992–93 Australian region cyclone season The 1992–93 South Pacific cyclone season was an above-average tropical cyclone season with ten tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific to the east of 160°E. The season officially ran from November 1, 1992, to April 30, 1993, with the first disturbance of the season forming on December 3 and the last disturbance dissipating on April 6. During the season, tropical cyclones were monitored by the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers (TCWC) in Nadi, Fiji, and in Wellington, New Zealand.TCWC Nadi warned on systems in the South Pacific located from the Equator to 25°S and from 160°E to 120°W. TCWC Wellington warns on systems from 25°S to 40°S and from 160°E to 120°W Whilst tropical cyclones that moved to the west of 160°E were monitored as a part of the Australian region by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Both the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the Naval Western Oceanography Center (NWOC) issued unofficial warnings within the southern Pacific. The JTWC issued warnings between 160°E and the International Date Line whilst the NWOC issued warnings for tropical cyclones forming between the International Date Line and the coasts of the Americas. Both the JTWC and the NWOC designated tropical cyclones with a number and a P suffix with numbers assigned in order to tropical cyclones developing within the whole of the Southern Hemisphere. TCWC Nadi and TCWC Wellington both use the Australian Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale, and measure windspeeds over a period of ten minutes, while the JTWC and the NWOC measured sustained winds over a period of one minute and use the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale. Seasonal summary On July 1, 1992, the New Zealand Meteorological Service (TCWC Wellington) was broken up and became the Meteorological Service of New Zealand and the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research.Steiner, J Thomas Martin, John R Gordon, D Neil Grant, Malcolm A Commercialization in the provision of meteorological services in New Zealand Meteorological Applications 4 247–257 September 1991 3 10.1017/S1350482797000480 1997MeApp...4..247S free Ahead of the 1992–93 season it was predicted that the season would feature a below average amount of tropical cyclones, after six tropical cyclones had affected Vanuatu during the previous season.West, Steve Taiki, Henry Vanuatu Meteorological Service live September 28, 2021 April 2, 1993 Tropical Cyclone Prema – A brief perspective from the meteorological office http://www.pacificdisaster.net/doc/JB_DM389b_VUT_1993_Brief_perspective.pdf September 28, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210928140425/http://www.pacificdisaster.net/doc/JB_DM389b_VUT_1993_Brief_perspective.pdf During that season as no systems had affected the archipelago, the VMS had started to hope that no tropical cyclones would impact the archipelago during the season. However, during March 29 – 30, Cyclone Prema affected the Shepherd, E'pi and Efate where it caused widespread damage to buildings and crops.Vanuatu National Disaster Management Office April 19, 1993 live Tropical cyclone Prema: damage assessment/disaster relief operations interim report http://www.pacificdisaster.net/doc/JB_DM183_VUT_TC_Prema_1993_damage_assessment.pdf April 9, 2024 Kilman, Sato May 2, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240409121342/http://www.pacificdisaster.net/pdnadmin/data/original/JB_DM183_VUT_TC_Prema_1993_damage_assessment.pdf Systems Severe Tropical Cyclone Joni SPac Joni 1992-12-10 0000Z.png Joni 1992 path.png December 3 December 14 110 90 940 Cyclone Joni At the start of December a shallow tropical depression developed, along the South Pacific Convergence Zone, in the vicinity of Tuvalu.December 5, 2015 December 5, 2015 Tropical Cyclone Joni, December 3–14, 1992 Fiji Meteorological Service live SWP 1992_11 May 20, 1996 https://www.webcitation.org/6dYUilKNY?url=http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/virtual_disk_library/index.cgi/4274123/FID218/DATA/TROPIC/SWP_NAR/1992_11.NAR Over the next few days the system gradually developed further as it affected Tuvalu, before it was declared to be a tropical cyclone and named Joni by the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) during December 7. Over the next couple of days the system intensified further as it was steered south-westwards and posed a threat to the Fijian dependency of Rotuma and the French territory of Wallis and Futuna. The system subsequently peaked as a Category 4 severe tropical cyclone on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale as it approached the Fijian Islands during December 10. Over the next couple of days the system moved through the Fijian Islands before it became an extratropical cyclone during December 13. The system was last noted during the next day as it was absorbed by a mid-latitude trough of low pressure to the east of New Zealand. Joni caused gale to storm-force winds on the Tuvaluan island of Niulakita and minor damage to most of the Tuvaluan islands. Total damages to crops in the island nation were estimated at 6900 AU$ (5000 US$). There were no damages reported on the islands of Wallis and Futuna or Rotuma, while 1 person was killed, 10 people went missing and total damages were estimated at 2000000 FJ$ (1600000 US$) in Fiji. The main impacts of Joni in Fiji were confined to the Western Division, with the islands of Yasawa, Mamanuca, Viti Levu, Kadavu and Vatulele being the worst affected areas. Damages in both Tuvalu and Fiji were exacerbated a month later by Severe Tropical Cyclones Nina and Kina interacting with each other. Severe Tropical Cyclone Kina Cyclone Kina SPac Kina 1992-12-29 0500Z.png Kina 1992 path.png December 23 January 6 120 80 955 On December 23, TCWC Nadi started to monitor a tropical depression, that had developed within the monsoon trough about 340 km mi 5 on to the northeast of Honiara on the Solomon Island of Guadalcanal.Tropical Cyclone Kina, December 23, 1992 – January 5, 1993 Fiji Meteorological Service live http://www.pacificdisaster.net/doc/JB_DM393g_FJI_1993_TC_Kina.pdf Tropical Cyclone Report 92/1 Prasad, Rajendra May 20, 1996 March 21, 2013 2022-01-26 https://web.archive.org/web/20220126144613/http://www.pacificdisaster.net/doc/JB_DM393g_FJI_1993_TC_Kina.pdf Over the next few days the depression gradually developed further as it moved slowly towards the south-southeast, before during December 26, the JTWC designated the system as Tropical Cyclone 07P and started to issue warnings on the system as it had become equivalent to a tropical storm.1992358S07161 The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship 1992 Tropical Cyclone Kina (1992358S07161) March 28, 2020 May 1, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240501232724/https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r00-1992358S07161 liveAnnual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1993 United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/atcr/1993atcr.pdf 165 – 170, 216 – 224 January 31, 2013 1993 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208044920/https://metoc.ndbc.noaa.gov/ProductFeeds-portlet/img/jtwc/atcr/1993atcr.pdf December 8, 2015 dead During the next day, the system appeared to slightly relax before it resumed developing from about 1200 UTC with the FMS naming it as Kina later that day, after the depression developed into a category one tropical cyclone. Early on December 28, the JTWC reported that the system had become equivalent to a category 1 hurricane on the SSHWS. During that day Kina continued to develop as it moved south-eastwards, before it turned towards the south and became slow moving later that day, before the JTWC reported during the next day that Kina had reached its peak intensity with 1-minute sustained wind speeds of 220 km/h (140 mph) which made it a category 4 hurricane on the SSHWS. Later that day TCWC Nadi reported that Kina had peaked as a category 3 severe tropical cyclone with 10 – minute sustained wind speeds of 150 km/h (90 mph). Tracked towards the capital, Suva, where it caused significant damage and reports of casualties.http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/ACOS-64DDYY?OpenDocument Fiji - Cyclone Kina Jan 1993 UN DHA Situation Reports 1-6 - Fiji 2011-12-01 2008-06-18 https://web.archive.org/web/20080618013201/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/ACOS-64DDYY?OpenDocument live The main bridge and secondary bridge to the international airport at Nadi collapsed and subsequently delayed the evacuation of tourists from the island, with emergency ferry services forced to ferry passengers from buses waiting on either side of the river bank. Throughout Fiji, 23 people were killed and damage amounted to $100 million.http://www.apfm.info/pdf/case_studies/cs_fiji.pdf Associated Programme on Flood Management (APFM) SERP 4 February 2022 22 March 2022 19 September 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200919054705/http://www.apfm.info/pdf/case_studies/cs_fiji.pdf live Severe Tropical Cyclone Nina SPac Nina 1993-01-02 0000Z.png Nina 1992 path.png January 1 (Entered basin) January 5 75 90 960 Cyclone Nina During January 1, Nina crossed Rennell and Bellona in the Solomon Islands and moved into the South Pacific basin.Tropical Cyclone Nina, December 21, 1992 – January 4, 1993 Fiji Meteorological Service live December 8, 2015 https://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/virtual_disk_library/index.cgi/4274123/FID218/DATA/TROPIC/SWP_NAR/1992_13.NAR May 20, 1996 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208150752/http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/virtual_disk_library/index.cgi/4274123/FID218/DATA/TROPIC/SWP_NAR/1993_6.NAR Severe Tropical Cyclone Lin SPac Lin 1993-02-01 1831Z.png Lin 1993 path.png January 30 February 5 90 65 970 A tropical depression developed on January 30, about 365 km mi 5 on to the northeast of Apia, Samoa.https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/sci.geo.meteorology/9CTS_CYThjw Weekly tropical cyclone summary #78 (January 24 - 31, 1993) Beven, John L February 1, 1993 May 2, 2016 April 28, 2021 https://archive.today/20210428175843/https://groups.google.com/g/fido7.rar.support/c/V7SqDF1jHG4/m/dr6iAltyBYIJ?pli=1#!topic/sci.geo.meteorology/9CTS_CYThjw liveStorm Data Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena: January 1993 35 National Climatic Data Center May 1, 2024 December 20, 2015 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-AA38574B-8D1D-4DE7-8215-E3167FB5562E.pdf 69 1 Goodge, Grant W https://web.archive.org/web/20240501234424/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-AA38574B-8D1D-4DE7-8215-E3167FB5562E.pdf dead Tropical Cyclone Mick SPac Mick 1993-02-07 0300Z.png Mick 1993 path.png February 3 February 9 45 45 987 A shallow tropical depression developed during February 3, within the South Pacific Convergence Zone about 170 km mi 5 on to the north-west of American Samoa.Tropical Cyclone Mick, February 3–9, 1993 Fiji Meteorological Service live SWP 1993_6 May 20, 1996 September 30, 2021 September 30, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210930132520/http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/virtual_disk_library/index.cgi/4274123/FID1030/DATA/TROPIC/SWP_NAR/1993_6.NAR 1993034S14191 The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship 1993 Tropical Cyclone Mick (1993034S14191) September 28, 2020 April 11, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230411220031/https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r00-1993034S14191 live Over the next few days the system gradually developed further, as it moved south-westwards and passed near the Tongan island of Keppel during February 5. Later that day the NPMOC initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 17P, while it was located about 520 km mi 5 on to the northeast of Nukuʻalofa. The system subsequently passed through the islands of central Tonga and was named Mick by the FMS during February 6, after it had developed into a Category 1 tropical cyclone. After being named the system continued to intensify during that day, before both the NPMOC and the FMS reported that Mick had peaked with winds of 85 km/h (50 mph). As Mick continued to move south-westwards further development was suppressed, by cooler waters and vertical wind shear as it accelerated through Fiji's Lau Islands. The system subsequently weakened gradually, before it rapidly lost its tropical characteristics, as it moved into the subtropics during February 9.https://groups.google.com/g/sci.geo.meteorology/c/WMujjE2iSqA/m/WPthfRO9g08J Weekly tropical cyclone summary #80 (February 7 – 14, 1993) Beven, Jack February 16, 1993 December 5, 2015 September 28, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210928152229/https://groups.google.com/g/sci.geo.meteorology/c/WMujjE2iSqA/m/WPthfRO9g08J live Mick's extratropical remnants were subsequently last noted during February 11, as they passed about 250 km mi 5 on to the northwest of Gisborne on New Zealand's east coast. As Mick was a small and weak system, it only caused a minimal amount of damage on the islands in Tonga and Fiji that it passed near or over. Tropical Cyclone Nisha SPac Nisha 1993-02-14 0101Z.png Nisha 1993 path.png February 9 February 16 65 60 975 During February 9, a depression developed within the South Pacific Convergence Zone, just to the southwest of Pukapuka in the Northern Cook Islands.December 5, 2015 December 5, 2015 Tropical Cyclone Nisha, February 11–16, 1993 Fiji Meteorological Service live SWP 1993_8 May 20, 1996 https://www.webcitation.org/6dY8Lxhys?url=http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/virtual_disk_library/index.cgi/4274123/FID218/DATA/TROPIC/SWP_NAR/1993_8.NAR Over the next couple of days, the system remained near stationary, before it started to move south-eastwards towards Palmerston in the Southern Cook Islands during February 12. During that day, as the system moved south-eastwards the system developed a more symmetrical circulation, before the NPMOC initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 18P. During the next day, the FMS reported that the depression had developed into a Category 1 tropical cyclone and named it Nisha, before it passed near Palmerston, as it started to curve towards the east-southeast. Nisha did not cause any significant impacts in either the Southern Cook Islands or French Polynesia's islands. Tropical Cyclone Oli SPac Oli 1993-02-17 0000Z.png Oli 1993 path.png February 14 February 20 50 40 990 Oli existed from February 14 to February 20. Severe Tropical Cyclone Polly SPac Polly 1993-03-01 0300Z.png Polly 1993 path.png February 27 (Entered basin) March 9 100 85 945 Developed in the Australian region of the Coral Sea far offshore from Queensland. The cyclone intensified to a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian intensity scale) before crossing into the South Pacific region where it passed to the southwest of New Caledonia.Severe Tropical Cyclone Polly http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/polly.shtml Australian Bureau of Meteorology January 10, 2022 January 10, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220110200703/http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/polly.shtml live Tropical Cyclone Roger SPac Roger 1993-03-20 2200Z.png Roger 1993 path.png March 20 (Entered basin) March 22 35 50 985 Roger entered the basin on March 20 and dissipated on March 22. Severe Tropical Cyclone Prema SPac Prema 1993-03-29 2200Z.png Prema 1993 path.png March 24 April 6 125 100 940 Cyclone Prema Prema existed from March 24 to April 6. Other systems Tropical Cyclone 08P was first noted as a tropical depression by the FMS during January 1, while it was located about 500 km mi 5 on to the east of Alofi in Niue.https://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.meteorology/browse_thread/thread/91a658856d1ad770/cbd0a8768bbc72b6? Weekly tropical cyclone summary #74 (December 27, 1992 – January 3, 1993) Beven, John L January 7, 1993 May 2, 2016 May 1, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130501050535/http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.meteorology/browse_thread/thread/91a658856d1ad770/cbd0a8768bbc72b6 live During that day the depression moved eastwards, before the NPMOC initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 08P. During that day 08P started to move towards the southeast through the Cook Islands, before it peaked with estimated 1-minute sustained wind speeds of 85 km/h (50 mph). During January 3, 08P rapidly degenerated into an extratropical low, while it was located about 405 km to the southeast of Papeete in French Polynesia. There were no reports of any impacts within the Cook Islands associated with 08P. Tropical Cyclone 09P developed on January 11, while it was located about 610 km mi 5 on to the north of the island of Tahiti in French Polynesia.January 19, 1993 https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/sci.geo.meteorology/MkXlLcrFNd0 Weekly tropical cyclone summary #76 (January 10 - 17, 1993) Beven, John L May 2, 2016 April 28, 2021 https://archive.today/20210428175843/https://groups.google.com/g/fido7.rar.support/c/V7SqDF1jHG4/m/dr6iAltyBYIJ?pli=1#!topic/sci.geo.meteorology/MkXlLcrFNd0 live Over the next couple of days the system moved westwards and gradually turned and started to move south-eastwards before it was last noted during January 14. Season effects This table lists all the storms that developed in the South Pacific to the east of longitude 160°E during the 1992–93 season. It includes their intensity on the Australian Tropical cyclone intensity scale, duration, name, landfalls, deaths, and damages. All data is taken from the warning centers from the region unless otherwise noted. SPac 1992 1993 Joni Cyclone Joni December 3, 1992 December 13, 1992 Aus4 90 940 Tuvalu, Fiji 1000000 1 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article126967326 Cyclone toll in Solomons, Fiji, PNG, Tonga still rising The Canberra Times January 6, 1993 December 6, 2015 3 May 1, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240501232901/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/126967326 live Kina Cyclone Kina December 26, 1992 January 5, 1993 Aus3 80 955 Fiji, Tonga 110000000 26 Nina Cyclone Nina January 1, 1993 January 5, 1993 Aus4 90 960 Queensland, Solomon Islands, Wallis and Futuna, Rotuma, Tonga 50000 3 08P January 1, 1993 January 3, 1993 TD Not Specified Not Specified Southern Cook Islands 09P January 11, 1993 January 13, 1993 TD Not Specified Not Specified French Polynesia Lin January 30, 1993 February 5, 1993 Aus3 65 970 Samoa Mick February 3, 1993 February 9, 1993 Aus1 45 987 Tonga, Fiji, New Zealand Minimal None Nisha February 9, 1993 February 16, 1993 Aus2 60 975 Cook Islands, French Polynesia Oli February 14, 1993 February 20, 1993 Aus1 40 990 Fiji Polly February 27, 1993 March 9, 1993 Aus3 85 945 Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand Roger March 20, 1993 March 27, 1993 Aus2 50 985 Solomon Islands, Australia, New Caledonia Prema Cyclone Prema March 24, 1993 April 6, 1993 Aus4 100 940 Vanuatu, New Caledonia 1993 2024-05-01 http://reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/OCHA-64BL72?OpenDocument https://web.archive.org/web/20240501233632/https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/vanuatu-cyclone-perma-mar-1993-undha-information-reports-1-5?OpenDocument= Reliefweb 2010-08-02 Vanuatu Cyclone Perma Mar 1993 UNDHA Information Reports 1–5 live See also Tropical cyclones Atlantic hurricane seasons: 1992, 1993 Pacific hurricane seasons: 1992, 1993 Pacific typhoon seasons: 1992, 1993 North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1992, 1993 Notes A References 2 External links 1992 y 1990 South Pacific cyclone yes Category:South Pacific cyclone seasons Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines