1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq

Political rebellion in Iraq First Sadr Uprisng 1979–1980 Iraq Rebellion suppressed Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and Amina Haydar al-Sadr executed. Ba'athist Iraq Ba'athist Iraq Shi'ite rebels Saddam Hussein Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr Amina al-Sadr The 1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq, also known as the First Sadr Uprising, took place as a follow up to the Iranian Revolution (1978–1979) in neighbouring Iran, as the Shia Iraqi clerics vowed to overthrow Ba'athist Iraq, dominated by (secular) Sunni Muslims—specifically the Saddam Hussein family. Saddam and his deputies believed that the riots had been inspired by the Iranian Revolution and instigated by Iran's government.Farrokh Kaveh Iran at War: 1500–1988 20 December 2011 Osprey Publishing Oxford 978-1-78096-221-4 The riots erupted in May 1979 and escalated in June—leading to thousands being tortured and killed in Najaf. The uprising subsided with the April 1980 arrest of the leader of Shia Iraqis, Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and his subsequent execution. History Al-Sadr's works attracted the ire of the Baath Party leading to repeated imprisonment where he was often tortured. Despite this, he continued his work after being released.Al Asaad Sondoss 38 Years After Saddam's Heinous Execution of the Phenomenal Philosopher Ayatollah Al-Sadr and his Sister https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2018/04/09/38-years-after-saddams-heinous-execution-of-the-phenomenal-philosopher-ayatollah-al-sadr-and-his-sister/ 9 March 2019 Modern Diplomacy moderndiplomacy.eu 9 April 2018 When the Baathists arrested Ayatollah Al-Sadr in 1977, his sister Amina Sadr bint al-Huda made a speech in the Imam Ali mosque in Najaf inviting the people to demonstrate. Many demonstrations were held, forcing the Baathists to release Al-Sadr who was placed under house arrest. In 1979–1980, anti-Ba'ath riots arose in the Iraq's Shia areas by groups, who were working toward an Islamic revolution in their country.The Iran–Iraq War: 1980–1988 1–8, 12–16, 19–82 Karsh, Efraim Osprey Publishing 25 April 2002 978-1841763712 Saddam and his deputies believed that the riots had been inspired by the Iranian Revolution and instigated by Iran's government.Farrokh Kaveh Iran at War: 1500–1988 20 December 2011 Osprey Publishing Oxford 978-1-78096-221-4 In the aftermath of Iran’s revolution, Iraq’s Shiite community called on Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr to be their “Iraqi Ayatollah Khomeini”, leading a revolt against the Ba'ath regime.https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/03/11/iraqs-failed-uprising-after-the-1979-iranian-revolution/ Iraq's failed uprising after the 1979 Iranian revolution 11 March 2019February 2020 Community leaders, tribal heads, and hundreds of ordinary members of the public paid their allegiance to al-Sadr. Protests then erupted in Baghdad and the predominantly Shiite provinces of the south in May 1979. For nine days, protests against the regime unfolded, but were suppressed by the regime. The cleric’s imprisonment led to another wave of protests in June after a seminal, powerful appeal from al-Sadr’s sister, Bint al-Huda. Further clashes unfolded between the security forces and protestors. Najaf was put under siege and thousands were tortured and executed. Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr was finally arrested on 5 April 1980 with his sister, Sayedah Bint al-Huda.Al Asaad Sondoss The ninth of April, the martyrdom of the Sadrs https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/422510/The-ninth-of-April-the-martyrdom-of-the-Sadrs 9 March 2019 Tehran Times tehrantimes.com 10 April 2018 They had formed a powerful militant movement in opposition to Saddam Hussein's regime. On 9 April 1980, Al-Sadr and his sister were killed after being severely tortured by their Baathist captors. Signs of torture could be seen on the bodies.Ramadani Sami There's more to Sadr than meets the eye https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/aug/24/iraq.comment 9 March 2019 The Guardian theguardian.com 24 August 2004Aziz T.M The Role of Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr in Shii Political Activism in Iraq from 1958 to 1980 International Journal of Middle East Studies 1 May 1993 25 2 207–222 164663 10.1017/S0020743800058499 Marlowe Lara Sectarianism laid bare https://www.irishtimes.com/news/sectarianism-laid-bare-1.1191727 9 March 2019 The Irish Times irishtimes.com 6 January 2007 The Baathists raped Bint Houda in front of her brother. An iron nail was hammered into Al-Sadr's head and he was then set on fire in Najaf. It has been reported that Saddam himself killed them. The Baathists delivered the bodies of Baqir Al-Sadr and Bintul Huda to their cousin Sayyid Muhammad al-Sadr. They were buried in the Wadi-us-Salaam graveyard in the holy city of Najaf the same night. His execution raised no criticism from Western countries because Al-Sadr had openly supported Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran. Aftermath Iran–Iraq War 1999 Shia uprising in Iraq The 1999 Shia uprising in Iraq (or Second Sadr UprisingEsomba, Steve, Wall Streets Infected By Arab Spring, p. 5) took place in Iraq in early 1999 following the killing of Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr by the then Ba'athist government of Iraq.Sadr the agitator: like father, like son Dan Murphy https://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0427/p01s03-woiq.html/(page)/3 The Christian Science Monitor 27 April 2004 1 February 2013 The protests and ensuing violence were strongest in the heavily Shia neighborhoods of Baghdad, as well as southern majority Shiite cities such as Karbala, Nasiriyah, Kufa, Najaf, and Basra.Human Rights Watch, III. The al-Sadr Intifada of 1999, February 2005 See also Iraq Shia Islam 1977 Shia protests in Iraq The Five Martyrs References 33em Category:1979 in Iraq Category:1980 in Iraq Category:1979 in Islam Category:1980 in Islam Category:1979 protests Category:1980 protests Category:1979 conflicts Category:1980 conflicts Category:20th-century rebellions Category:Arab rebellions in Iraq Category:Riots and civil disorder in Iraq Category:Islam in Iraq Category:Rebellions in Iraq Category:Shia–Sunni relations Category:Shia–Sunni sectarian violence Category:Iraqi opposition (pre-2003)