-stan

Persian-language suffix used for place names Stan (disambiguation) April 2023 thumb|229x229px|#363 Countries whose name in English has the suffix -stan#5C4 Other countries that have first-level divisions whose names in English have the suffix -stan.#0048BA Countries whose name in their native language has the suffix -stan. -stan (fa ستان fa stân,Applies after a vowel, e.g. Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan. fa estân or istânApplies after a consonant, e.g Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan.; sa स्थान् sa sthān or sa स्थानम् sa sthānam) is a Persian and Sanskrit suffix that means "a place abounding in" or "place where anything abounds". It is widely used in Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Turkic, Dravidian and other languages. The suffix appears in the names of many regions throughout West, Central and South Asia, Eastern Europe and parts of the Caucasus and Russia.Ford Matt Kazakhstan's President Is Tired of His Country's Name Ending in 'Stan' https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/02/kazakhstans-president-is-tired-of-his-countrys-name-ending-in-stan/283676/ 28 October 2022 The Atlantic 7 February 2014 en 25 October 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221025082333/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/02/kazakhstans-president-is-tired-of-his-countrys-name-ending-in-stan/283676/ live Etymology and cognates Oikonyms in Western and South Asia Originally an independent noun, the stan morpheme evolved into a suffix because it frequently appeared as the last part in nominal compounds. It is cognate with the English word stead, Polish stan (estate, or New World first-level subdivisions), and Sanskrit sa sthā́na (sa स्थान sa stʰaːnɐ; "the act of standing"). The Sanskrit meaning ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian iir-x-proto *sthāna-,Macdonell A. A. Arthur Anthony Macdonell https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/macdonell_query.py? A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout 1929 Oxford University Press London 365 1 September 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221016144545/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/macdonell_query.py?page=365 16 October 2022 live which was partly loaned into Ancient Greek as grc -στήνη (grc -stēnē). The suffix -stan is analogous to the suffix -land, present in many country and location names. The suffix is also used more generally in Persian and Sanskrit, such as fa rēgistān (fa ریگستان), "place of sand, desert"; fa gulistān (fa گلستان), "place of flowers, garden"; fa gōristān (fa گورستان), "graveyard, cemetery";Leila Moshiri English-Persian Glossary Colloquial Persian 1988 Routledge 150 0-415-00886-7 and Hendostân/Hindustan (fa هندوستان, sa हिन्दुस्तान), "Land of the Indus (India)".Kapur Anu Mapping Place Names of India 2019 Taylor & Francis 978-0-429-61421-7 en Countries Countries adopting the -stan suffix in both English and their national languages include: Afghanistan - ps افغانستان Afġānistān; prs افغانستان Afġānistān Kazakhstan - kk Қазақстан Qazaqstan Kyrgyzstan - ky Кыргызстан Kyrgyzstan Pakistan - ur پاکستان Pākistān Tajikistan - tg Тоҷикистон Tojikiston Turkmenistan - tk Türkmenistan Uzbekistan - uz Ўзбекистон Oʻzbekiston Some of these nations were also known with the Latinate suffix -ia en during their time as Soviet republics: Kazakhstan was almost always referred to as Kazakhia, Turkmenistan was frequently Turkmenia, Kyrgyzstan often Kirghizia, and Uzbekistan and Tajikistan very occasionally Uzbekia and Tajikia.Google Ngram https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Uzbekia,%20Kirgizia,%20Turkmenia,%20Tajikia&year_start=1900&year_end=2100&corpus=0&smoothing=2&case_insensitive=on&direct_url=t1%3B%2CUzbekia%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKIRGIZIA%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CTurkmenia%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BTurkmenia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BTURKMENIA%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2CUzbekia%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKIRGIZIA%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CTurkmenia%3B%2Cc1%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BTurkmenia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BTURKMENIA%3B%2Cc0 Uzbekia, Kirgizia, Turkmenia, Tajikia https://web.archive.org/web/20230410094017/https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Uzbekia,%20Kirgizia,%20Turkmenia,%20Tajikia&year_start=1900&year_end=2100&corpus=0&smoothing=2&case_insensitive=on&direct_url=t1%3B%2CUzbekia%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKIRGIZIA%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CTurkmenia%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BTurkmenia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BTURKMENIA%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2CUzbekia%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKIRGIZIA%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CTurkmenia%3B%2Cc1%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BTurkmenia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BTURKMENIA%3B%2Cc0 10 April 2023Becker Seymour Russia's Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva, 1865–1924 https://books.google.com/books?id=Rn9_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT553 2004 Routledge 1-134-33582-2 553 As early as June 1920, Lenin had toyed with the idea of dividing Russian Turkestan into three national regions: Uzbekia, Kirgizia and Turkmenia. In addition, the native names of Armenia and India are respectively Hayastan, Hayk''' being the endonym of Armenians, and Hindustan. The largest -stan country by area is Kazakhstan. Country names in various languages English name Persian name Sanskrit name Turkish name Armenian name Azerbaijani name Kazakh name Turkmen name Tatar name Uyghur name Bashkir name Hindustani name Uzbek name Armenia fa Armanestân – fa ارمنستانhi Armanistān – hi अरमनिस्तान् tr Ermenistan hy Hayastan – hy Հայաստան (native term: hy Hayk' – hy Հայք) az Ermənistan tk Ermenistan tt Ärmänstan – tt Әрмәнстан tt Ärmänstan – ba Әрмәнстан hi Armanistān – hi अर्मनिस्तान – ur ارمنستان uz Armaniston – uz Арманистон Bulgaria fa Bulgharestân – fa بلغارستانhi Bulgāristān – hi बुल्गारीस्तान् tr Bulgaristan az Bolqarıstan tt Bolğarstan – tt Болгарстан ba Bolğarstan – ba Болғарстан hi Bulġaristān – hi बुल्ग़रिस्तान – ur بلغارستان China hi Chinamistān – hi चिनमिस्तान् hy Čʿinastan – hy Չինաստան Croatia tr Hırvatistan tt Xırwatstan – tt Хырватстан ba Xırwatstan – ba Хыруатстан hi K͟Hirvatistān – hi ख़िरवतिस्तान – ur خروتستان England fa Engelestân – fa انگلستانhi Anglastān – hi आङ्ग्लस्तान / hi Anglistān – hi अङ्गलेस्तान् hi Iṅglistān – hi इङ्ग्लिस्तान – ur ان٘گلستان Ethiopian Empire(Ethiopia and Eritrea) tr Habeşistan hy Habešstan – hy Հաբեշստան az Həbəşistan tt Xäbäşstan – tt Хәбәшстан ug Hebeshistan – ug ھەبەشىستان ba Xäbäşstan – ba Хәбәшстан hi Habśistān – hi हब्शिस्तान – ur حبشستان uz Habashiston – uz Ҳабашистон Georgia fa Gorjestân – fa گرجستان tr Gürcistan hy Vrastan – hy Վրաստան (native term: hy Virk' – hy Վիրք) az Gürcüstan tt Görcistan – tt Гөрҗистан ba Görjöstan – ba Гөржөстан hi Gurjistān – hi गुर्जिस्तान – ur گرجستان uz Gurjiston – uz Гуржистон Greece fa Yūnān – fa یونانhi Yāvanastān – hi यावनस्तान् tr Yunanistan hy Hunastan – hy Հունաստան az Yunânıstan tt Yunanstan – tt Юнанстан ba Yunanstan – ba Юнанстан uz Yunoniston – uz Юнонистон Hungary fa Majârestân – fa مجارستانhi Hūnastān – hi हुनस्तान् tr Macaristan az Macârıstan kk Majarstan – kk Мажарстан tk Majarystan tt Macarstan – tt Маҗарстан ba Мажарстан hi Majāristān – hi मजारिस्तान – ur مجارستان uz Mojariston – uz Можаристон India fa Hendostân – fa هندوستانhi Hindustān – hi हिन्दुस्तान् tr Hindistan hy Hndkastan – hy Հնդկաստան az Hindistan kk Ündıstan – kk Үндістан tk Hindistan tt Hindstan – tt Һиндстан ug Hindustan – ug ھىندىستان ba Hindostan – ba Һиндостан hi Hindustān – hi हिन्दुस्तान – ur ہِنْدُوْسْتان uz Hindiston – uz Ҳиндистон Mongolia fa Mogholestân – fa مغولستان tr Moğolistan az Monqolustan ba Mağulstan – ba Мағулстан hi Maṅgōlistān – hi मङ्गोलिस्तान – ur من٘گولستان uz Moʻgʻuliston – uz Мўғулистон Poland fa Lahestân – fa لهستان tr Lehistan hy Lehastan – hy Լեհաստան az Löhüstan tt Läxstan – tt Ләхстан ug Lehistan – ug لەھىستان ba Lähstan – ba Ләhстан hi Lahistān – hi लहिस्तान – ur لہستان Russia hi Rūsastān – hi रूसस्तान् hy Ṙusastan – hy Ռուսաստան Saudi Arabia fa 'Arabestân-e Sa'udi – fa عربستان سعودیhi Arabistān – hi अरबीस्तान् tr Suudi Arabistan az Səudiyyə Ərəbistanı tk Saud Arabystany tt Sögüd Gäräbstanı – tt Согуд Гарәбстаны ug Se'udi Erebistan – ug سەئۇدى ئەرەبىستان tt Säğüd Ğäräbstanï – ba Сәғүд Ғәрәбстаны uz Saudiya Arabistoni – uz Саудия Арабистони Serbia fa Serbestân – fa صربستانhi Sarbistān – hi सर्बिस्तान tr Sırbistan tt Sırbstan – tt Сырбстан ba Sırbstan – ba Сырбстан hi Sarbistān – hi सर्बिस्तान – ur صربستان Administrative divisions The following table lists the subnational entities of different countries that end with -stan. Country & first level of division Country subdivision name Provinces of Afghanistan Nuristan Districts of Azerbaijan Gobustan States of India RajasthanThe suffix -sthan is through Indic, not Iranic. Provinces of Iran Golestan, Khuzestan, Kurdistan, Lorestan, Sistan and Baluchestan Regions of Kazakhstan Turkistan Provinces of Pakistan Balochistan, Gilgit-Baltistan Republics of Russia Bashkortostan, Dagestan, Tatarstan Regions of Uzbekistan Karakalpakstan Administrative subdivisions The following list shows some examples of second-level, third-level and fourth-level subdivisions with a -stan-like suffix in various countries. In Afghanistan 20em Arghistan Ajristan Gulistan Kohistanvar Malistan Raghistan Shahristan var Various places share this name. In Armenia 20em Aygestan Burastan Dzorastan Mrgastan In India 20em Pratisthan In Iran 20em Ardestan Bajestan Chamestan Dashtestan Jovestan Khalajestan Larestan Mehrestan Parchestanvar_Iran Sarvestan ShahrestanShah Takestan Tangestan var_Iran Various places share this name. Shah In the Persian language, Shahrestan is also a common noun that means "county". It is in the names of the counties of Iran. Dehestan is the name of an administrative division in Iran. In Pakistan 20em Baltistan Bostan Kolai-Palas Kohistan Lower Kohistan Lower South Waziristan North Waziristan Upper Kohistan Upper South Waziristan In Tajikistan 20em Buston Shahriston Guliston In other countries 20em Azerbaijan: Gobustan (town) (capital of Gobustan District) Bangladesh: Gulistan Kazakhstan: Turkistan (city) (capital of Turkistan Region) Turkey: Elbistan Uzbekistan: Gulistan Regions Arabistan – The name of the Arabian Peninsula and other meanings. Arbayistan – A late-antiquity Sasanian satrap. Asal Hindustan – A name for the Kingdom of Nepal. Asoristan – The province of Babylonia under the Sassanid Empire. Azadistan – A short-lived state in the Iranian province of Azarbaijan under Mohammad Khiabani. Bashkortostan – An administrative division of Russia in eastern Europe. Bashkurdistan – A national-territorial autonomy, during the Russian Civil War. Balawaristan – A revived historical name of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Balochistan/Baluchistan – A region in Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Baltistan – A northern region in Pakistan. Bantustan – An Apartheid-era South African and South West African black 'homeland'. Cholistan Desert – A desert region in Punjab, Pakistan. Dardistan – A region in northern Pakistan of Dard speakers. Dihistan – A Sasanian province. East Pakistan – The historic name for pre-independence Bangladesh. East Turkestan or Uyghuristan – A region dominated by Uyghurs, located in northwest China. Gharchistan – A medieval region in Afghanistan. Hindustan – Persian name for India, broadly the Indian subcontinent. Indostan – Archaic usage in European languages for Hindustan. Iraqi Kurdistan – Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq. Kadagistan – An eastern Sasanian province in the region of Tokharistan (in what is now north-eastern Afghanistan). Kafiristan (land of the infidels) – A historic region in Afghanistan until 1896, now known as Nuristan. A similarly named region exists in north Pakistan. Kohistan – several regions of this name exist. Kurdistan – A Kurdish region. See also Iranian Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan, Syrian Kurdistan, and Turkish Kurdistan. Lezgistan – An ethnolinguistic region in southern Dagestan and northern Azerbaijan. North Waziristan – The northern part of Waziristan region in Pakistan. Pashtunistan – The area of Afghanistan and North-Western Pakistan historically inhabited by the Pashtuns. Quhistan – A region of medieval Persia, essentially the southern part of Greater Khorasan. Registan – A historic site in Samarkand, meaning "place of sand". Russian Turkestan – Turkestan in the Russian Empire, later Turkestan Autonomous SSR. Sakastan or Sistan – A historical and geographical region in present-day eastern Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan Province) and southern Afghanistan. Saraikistan – A region in the central part of Pakistan. South Waziristan – The southern part of Waziristan region in Pakistan. Talyshstan – An ethnolinguistic region in the SE Caucasus and NW Iran. Tatarstan – An administrative division of Russia in eastern Europe. Tokharistan, Tocharistan or Tukharistan, also known as Balkh or Bactria – The ancient name of a historical region in Central Asia, located between the range of the Hindu Kush and the Amu Darya (Oxus). Turgistan or Turestan – A Sasanian province. Turkestan or Turkistan – An ethnolinguistic region of Turkic peoples and languages, encompassing Central Asia, northwest China, parts of the Caucasus, and Asia Minor. Uyghurstan, China, same as East Turkestan. Waziristan – A region of northwest Pakistan. Yaghistan – A region in northwestern frontier of Pakistan. Historical regions Frangistan – A historical term used by Muslims and Persians to refer to Western or Christian Europe. Funjistan (Funj) – A historical empire located in what is now Sudan. Kabulistan – A historical name of the territory centered around present-day Kabul Province of Afghanistan. Lazistan – A historical and cultural region of the Caucasus and Anatolia, traditionally inhabited by the Laz people. Moghulistan (Mughalistan) – A historical area in Central Asia that included parts of modern-day Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Xinjiang Tabaristan – A historical mountainous region located on the Caspian coast of Northern Iran. Zabulistan – A historical region roughly corresponding to the modern-day Zabul Province in southern Afghanistan. Proposed names Balochistan – A proposed country for the Baloch people.2025-05-09 Baloch writer claims independence from Pak, urges UN for recognition https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/baloch-writer-claims-independence-from-pak-urges-un-for-recognition-glbs-2721889-2025-05-09 2025-07-09 India Today en Bangalistan – A proposed state for Bengali people in India.https://www.sabrangindia.in/article/turmoil-north-east-demand-bangalistan Turmoil in the North East: The demand for Bangalistan 28 January 2020 SabrangIndia en 16 April 2020 28 January 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200128134544/https://www.sabrangindia.in/article/turmoil-north-east-demand-bangalistan live Khalistan – A proposed country for the Sikh people.2023-09-19 Khalistan: Why are some Sikhs calling for a separate homeland in India? https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66852291 2025-07-09 en-GB Maronistan – A proposed state for Maronite in Lebanon during the Lebanese Civil War.http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/15th-july-1978/9/lebanese-solution Lebanese solution " 15 Jul 1978 " The Spectator Archive The Spectator Archive 19 August 2018 20 August 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180820005719/http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/15th-july-1978/9/lebanese-solution live Pashtunistan – A proposed country for Pashtun people. Romanistan – A proposed country for the Romani people. Saraikistan – A proposed province in the central part of Pakistan. Zazaistan – A suggested name for the region where the Zazas live. Fictional July 2024 Absurdistan – A satirical term for countries where absurdity is seen as normal. Adjikistan – A central Asian country in the video game SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs: Combined Assault. Aldastan – A central Asian country consisting of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, from Command & Conquer: Generals. Ancapistan – A hypothetical society which operates under anarcho-capitalism. Antagonistan – A country in Heavy Weapon. Ardistan – A country in the novel Ardistan und Djinnistan by Karl May. Avgatiganistan – A country by author Eugene Trivizas meaning "fried eggs" (avga tiganista) in Greek, derived from a pun on 'Afghanistan'. Azadistan – A kingdom, meaning "free land", from the anime Mobile Suit Gundam 00. Azmanastan (or Uzmenistan) – A country and region in the film The Expendables 3. Backhairistan – The homeland of Bolbi Stroganovsky, a character from the cartoon series The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius. Bananastan – A country from the Popeye the Sailor comic book series, which was ruled by Saddam Shahame, a parody of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein. Bangistan – The eponymous country in Bangistan (2015). Bazrakhistan – A former Soviet republic in Act of War (1998). Belgistan – A Middle Eastern country in the anime Gasaraki. Berzerkistan – A republic run by the dictator Trff Bmzklfrpz in the comic strip Doonesbury. Bilalistan – A country in the novel Lion's Blood, located in the Southeastern United States. Blingostan – A country in Smiling Friends ran by war criminal dictator Mr. Blingo, Brajikistan – A country from season 2 of the teen sitcom Wingin' It. Capustan – A city-state in Malazan Book of the Fallen. Cyberstan – A planet in Helldivers 2. Darujhistan – A city-state in Malazan Book of the Fallen. Derkaderkastan – A Middle Eastern country in Team America: World Police. Djinnistan – A country in the novel Ardistan und Djinnistan by Karl May. Franistan – A country referred to in the television show I Love Lucy. Frigistan – A country in Heavy Weapon. Gohet Gostan – A country in Tiga Abdul. Govnostan – Used in some parts of the Internet. Translates to "shitty land". Hachmachistan – A country in Kickin' It. Helmajistan – A area from the anime Full Metal Panic!. Howduyustan ("how do you stand?") – A country from the Uncle Scrooge comics. Irakistan – A country in the game Broforce. Iranistan – An oriental region of Hyborea (Conan the Barbarian stories). Istan – An island state in the online role-playing game, Guild Wars Nightfall. Jazeristan – A country in the movie The Misfits. Kabulstan – A third-world country in MacGyver. Kamistan – A Middle Eastern country featured in the television series 24. Kazanistan – An ideal state imagined by John Rawls in The Law of Peoples, in which there is a system of law, legal representation for all groups, and a respect for basic human rights, but not full democracy. Kehjistan – The state of the eastern jungles in the game Diablo II. Kekistan – A country created by 4chan members that has become a political meme and online movement. Kerakhistan – A Middle Eastern country featured in the tabletop miniature wargame Battlefield Evolution. Kerplakistan – A country in Big Time Rush. Kreplachistan – A country in the Austin Powers film series. Langtbortistan – A country in the Danish Donald Duck cartoons, literally meaning "far-away-in-stan". Lojbanistan – The country Lojbanists imagine themselves inhabiting.https://mw.lojban.org/papri/Lojbanistan Lojbnaistan 4 November 2013 lojban wiki 30 March 2017 31 March 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170331030632/https://mw.lojban.org/papri/Lojbanistan liveCowan John Waldemar The Complete Lojban Language http://www.lojban.org/publications/reference_grammar/chapter1.html First 1997 The Logical Language Group Fairfax, VA, US en 0-9660283-0-9 3 1 30 March 2017 2 April 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170402142427/http://www.lojban.org/publications/reference_grammar/chapter1.html live Moldovistan – An island country in The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest. Obristan – A country in Papers, Please. Paristan or Pari-estan – A land inhabited by fairies in the folklore of Middle East, South Asia, and Central Asia. Pokolistan – A country in the DC Comics universe. Ratznestistan – A country in Annie. Serdaristan – A country in Battlefield: Bad Company. Skandistan – A country in western Russia in The Years of Rice and Salt. Stanistan – A name used to describe a hypothetical union between the -stan countries. Taboulistan – A country in Vive la France. Takistan – A country in ARMA 2: Operation Arrowhead. Tazbekistan – A central Asian nation in the BBC television series Ambassadors. Turaqistan – A country in War, Inc. Turgistan – A central Asian dictatorship in 6 Underground. Turmezistan – A country in Doctor Who. Tyrgyzstan – A country in the BBC television drama The State Within. Urzikstan – A country in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare (2019).Stuart Keith 31 May 2019 Call of Duty: Modern Warfare returns to tread a moral minefield https://www.theguardian.com/games/2019/may/31/call-of-duty-modern-warfare-reboot-controversy-activision live https://web.archive.org/web/20190925003729/https://www.theguardian.com/games/2019/may/31/call-of-duty-modern-warfare-reboot-controversy-activision 25 September 2019 25 September 2019 The Guardian en-GB 0261-3077 Ustinkistan – A country in The Fairly OddParents. Yakyakistan – A northern country in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic which is inhabited by sapient yaks. Zekistan – A central Asian nation in the video game Full Spectrum Warrior. Other Angyalistan – A micronation that claims garbage patches in international waters. Autistan – The "metaphorical country" of autistic people. Bailoutistan (or Bailoutistan 2.0) – A sarcastic term for Greece following the European Union bail out packages, coined by Yanis Varoufakis in his book Adults in the Room: My Battle With the European and American Deep Establishment. Bimaristan – A kind of hospital in medieval Persia and the medieval Islamic world. Bradistan – A moniker for Bradford, England, owing to its large population of Pakistani worker migrants. Canuckistan – An epithet for Canada, used by Pat Buchanan on 31 October 2002, on his television show on MSNBC in which he denounced Canadians as anti-American and the country as a haven for terrorists. He was reacting to Canadian criticisms of US security measures regarding Arab Canadians.https://archive.org/details/bombcanadaotheru0000alla registration soviet%20canuckistan%20arab%20canadians. Bomb Canada: And Other Unkind Remarks in the American Media Allan Chantal 2009 Athabasca University Press 978-1-897425-49-7 84–85 en Cavaquistan (Cavaquistão in Portuguese) – A name coined after the former Portuguese President and Prime-Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva, referring to the regions of Portugal where he achieved landslide victories in the elections held in the late 1980s and early 1990s (especially in the Viseu District); intended pun with Kazakhstan (Cazaquistão in Portuguese).Carla Fernandes https://books.google.com/books?id=qOX6DAAAQBAJ&q=cavaquist%C3%A3o+cavaquistan&pg=PA27 Multimodality and Performance 2016 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 978-1-4438-9465-4 27 1 October 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20230410094013/https://books.google.com/books?id=qOX6DAAAQBAJ&q=cavaquist%C3%A3o+cavaquistan&pg=PA27 10 April 2023 live6 October 2019 Cavaquistão continua irredutível e a votar laranja ("Cavaquistan remains unyielding and voting orange") https://visao.sapo.pt/atualidade/politica/2019-10-06-cavaquistao-continua-irredutivel-e-a-votar-laranja/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20201003182449/https://visao.sapo.pt/atualidade/politica/2019-10-06-cavaquistao-continua-irredutivel-e-a-votar-laranja/ 3 October 2020 26 August 2020 Visão pt Dalitstan.org – A Dalit advocacy website active until mid-2006,Dibyesh Anand Hindu Nationalism in India and the Politics of Fear https://books.google.com/books?id=lbpfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT34 15 October 2011 Palgrave Macmillan 978-0-230-36263-5 34– one of 18 websites that were blocked by the Indian government to check for hate messages following the 2006 Mumbai train bombings.http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-19/india/27816956_1_govt-blocks-check-terror-websites Govt blocks 18 sites to check hate messages 19 July 2006 The Times of India 15 December 2015 27 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130527095335/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-19/india/27816956_1_govt-blocks-check-terror-websites Extremistan and Mediocristan – A term used by author Nassim Nicholas Taleb to illustrate concepts of black swan theory in his 2007 book The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable. Filmistan – An Indian film-production company. Fondukistan or Fondoqestān – An early medieval settlement and Buddhist monastery in Afghanistan Gazimestan – A monument commemorating the historical Battle of Kosovo. Hookturnistan – A satirical name for Melbourne, Victoria, due to the large number of hook turns on city roads. Hamastan – A hypothetical Palestinian Islamic government with Sharia as law. Iranistan – A pseudo-orientalist mansion built for P. T. Barnum in 1848 in Connecticut. Islamistan – Means "Land of Islam", used in various contexts Londonistan – A nickname given to London by French counter-terrorism agents. It is sometimes used derogatorily to refer to the large immigrant, especially Muslim, population in London. Muristan – A complex of streets and shops in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem New Yorkistan – The title of the cover art for the 10 December 2001 edition of The New Yorker magazine. Orbánistan – A derogatory term for Hungary under the rule of Viktor Orbán.The Ruler of Orbánistan https://www.aspen.review/article/2017/the-ruler-of-orbanistan/ 13 March 2022 Aspen Institute Central Europe cs 13 August 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220813060919/https://www.aspen.review/article/2017/the-ruler-of-orbanistan/ live Paganistan – The pagan/neo-pagan community of Minneapolis–Saint Paul in Minnesota Quebecistan – A term coined by Barbara Kay in 2006 in reference to Quebec, Canada. Sarvestan – A Sasanian-era palace in the Iranian province of Sarvestan. Shabestan – An underground space, usually found in the traditional architecture of mosques, houses, and schools in ancient Persia Shahrestan – Several meanings Skateistan – A skateboarding/educational organization based in Kabul, Afghanistan. Swedistan – A derogatory term for Sweden due to its growing immigration from Islamic countries. It is sometimes used by internet users to attack or offend Swedish Muslims. Talibanistan – A name for the government of Afghanistan under Taliban rule. Zaqistan – An unrecognized micronation in Nevada. See also -abad -an -desh -land -patnam -pur -tania List of geographic names of Iranian origin Oikonyms in Western and South Asia Notes n References Pizza Murphy 2009 Schism as midwife: how conflict aided the birth of a contemporary Pagan community Lewis James R. James R. Lewis (scholar) Lewis Sarah M. Sacred schisms: how religions divide Cambridge Cambridge University Press 249–261 978-0-511-58071-0 http://81.70.242.211/eab/manual/Publisher/Cambridge%20University%20Press%20www.cambridge.org/sacred%20schisms%20how%20religions%20divide%209780521881470%2049080%20%5B351%5D.pdf#page=261 25 May 2011 [...] the Pagan community of the Minnesota Twin Cities, otherwise known by members as 'Paganistan.' https://web.archive.org/web/20110810234002/http://81.70.242.211/eab/manual/Publisher/Cambridge%20University%20Press%20www.cambridge.org/sacred%20schisms%20how%20religions%20divide%209780521881470%2049080%20%5B351%5D.pdf#page=261 10 August 2011 Hayyim Sulayman New Persian-English Dictionary https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/hayyim_query.py?qs=%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&searchhws=yes ستان 1892 30 2 Tehran Librairie imprimerie Béroukhim 25 October 2020 28 October 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201028212228/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/hayyim_query.py?qs=%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&searchhws=yes live Quote= ستان (p. V2-0030) ستان (۲) Suffix meaning 'a place abounding in'. Ex. گلستان a flower or rose-garden. Syn. زار See گازار Note. This suffix is pronounced stan or setan after a vowel, as in بوستان boostan, a garden, and هندوستان hendoostan, India; and estan after a consonant. Ex. گلستان golestan, and ترکستان torkestan. However, for poetic license, after a consonant also, it may be pronounced setan. Ex. گلستان golsetan Steingass Francis Joseph A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/steingass_query.py?qs=%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&searchhws=yes ستان 655 stān (after a vowel), istān (after a consonant), Place where anything abounds, as ḵẖurmāstān, A palm-grove, gulistān, A flower-garden, &c. 25 October 2020 28 October 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201028214620/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/steingass_query.py?qs=%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&searchhws=yes live Sources Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire 2014 I.B.Tauris Daryaee Touraj Touraj Daryaee 1–240 978-0-85771-666-8 https://books.google.com/books?id=LU0BAwAAQBAJ Ghereghlou Kioumars Bādūsbānids 2018 https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/badusbanids-COM_25087?s.num=3&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&s.q=Gilan Further reading Maciuszak, Kinga. The Persian Suffix -(e)stān 'The Land Of' Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia'' 13 (2008): 119–140. External links -stan -stan Category:Bengali words and phrases Category:English suffixes Category:Nepali words and phrases Category:Persian words and phrases Category:Place name element etymologies Category:Suffixes