1816 North Atlantic earthquake

Earthquake near the Azores Islands 1816 North Atlantic earthquake yes 2 February 1816 00:40 North Atlantic w y 8.6 ± 0.3 (8.3–8.9) 37.8 N 19.8 W inline,title Unknown Atlantic Ocean 13+ dead The 1816 North Atlantic earthquake occurred on 2 February somewhere between the Azores Islands and Lisbon, Portugal. The estimated moment magnitude 8.3–8.9 earthquake had an epicenter offshore in the Atlantic Ocean, and was felt in Lisbon at 00:40 local time. Little is known about the quake, but it is believed to be one of the largest to have struck the Atlantic. Tectonic setting Between the Strait of Gibraltar and Azores is where the African (Nubian), and Eurasian Plates meet along the Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault. Near the Azores, the two plates meet the North American plates at the ridge-ridge-fault Azores triple junction on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a 16,000-km-long divergent boundary on the seafloor of the Atlantic Ocean which separates the Eurasian plate from the North American plate. East of the Azores is the Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault, specifically the strike-slip Gloria Fault which serves as the boundary between the Nubian and Eurasian plates.M. Fournier C. Petit N. Chamot-Rooke O. Fabbri P. Huchon B. Maillot C. Lepvrier Do ridge–ridge–fault triple junctions exist on Earth? Evidence from the Aden–Owen–Carlsberg junction in the NW Indian Ocean Basin Research 27 November 2008 20 4 (Special Issue – Seafloor expression of tectonic and geomorphic processes) 575–590 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2008.00356.x 2008BasR...20..575F 54036008 https://www.geologie.ens.fr/~rooke/NCRpdf4web/AOC_Basin_Research_2008.pdf The plate boundaries are seismically active as they accommodate elastic strain caused by movements of the plates, and release the strain during large earthquakes. Two of the largest recorded earthquakes in the vicinity of the Azores were the w 8.1 1941 Gloria Fault and w 7.9 1975 North Atlantic earthquakes, which were associated with strike-slip faulting on the Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault.Maria Ana Baptista Maria Ana Baptista Jorge Miguel Miranda Josep Batlló Filipe Lisboa Joaquim Luis Ramon Maciá New study on the 1941 Gloria Fault earthquake and tsunami Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22 August 2016 16 8 1967–1977 10.5194/nhess-16-1967-2016 2016NHESS..16.1967B 10400.21/7140 free free The Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault is also thought to be the source of the 1755 and 1761 Lisbon earthquakes which generated notable tsunamis. Earthquake Past estimates of the event have assigned a magnitude of between 6.7 and 7.6, with a macroseismic intensity of IV to VI at Lisbon and Seville.Global Historical Earthquake Archive https://emidius.eu/GEH/info/?en=1816.0202 emidius.eu An epicenter location along the Gloria Fault is commonly plotted. Reassessment of the seismic intensity based on historical documentation suggests it was only felt V in Seville. The shock had a maximum intensity of VII evaluated and assigned to Madeira. Based on simulating the documented seismic intensities on a computer, a moment magnitude of 8.6 ± 0.3 was obtained.José R. Ribeiro Ana P. S. Correia Ana I. C. Ribeiro 2 February 1816, an Overlooked North Atlantic M 8 Earthquake Seismological Research Letters 2020 91 5 2912–2921 10.1785/0220200201 2020SeiRL..91.2912R 225211860 The reevaluated epicenter location places it just northwest of the 1941 earthquake epicenter, near the Gloria Fault.Sa Sara O sismo desconhecido: Sessenta anos depois, Portugal foi atingido por um abalo quase tão forte como o de 1755, dizem estudiosos https://visao.sapo.pt/exameinformatica/2020-08-04-o-sismo-desconhecido-sessenta-anos-depois-portugal-foi-atingido-por-um-abalo-quase-tao-forte-como-o-de-1755-dizem-estudiosos/ Visão 22 October 2021 Portuguese 8 April 2020 Impact According to reports from the Gazeta de Lisboa, the shock was felt at 00:40 local time for up to a minute or a minute and a half.Significant Earthquake Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/10549 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 22 October 2021 Many residents were driven out of their homes and some structures suffered minor damage. The shaking was described as moving in a northeast–southwest direction and was felt throughout Portugal. Two Portuguese vessels; the Paquete de Lisboa and Marquez de Angeja located 600 km and 1,400 km from Lisbon respectively reported disturbance of the sea in the Netherlands. The quake was felt in Seville, Spain but no damage was reported. In Ovar, six homes were destroyed, killing 12 people. An elderly lady was among those killed, caused by panic during the quake. One person also died in Lisbon due to panic.Franzini, M. M. Observações Metéorologicas feitas na Cidade de Lisboa no Anno de 1816, e 1817, acompanhadas de varias reflexões sobre o estudo e applicação da Metéorologia 1818 5 2 92–125 Meteorological observations made in the city of Lisbon in the Year of 1816, and 1817, accompanied by several reflections on the study and application of Meteorology Real Academia das Sciencias, Historia e Memorias da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa Portuguese Up to six minutes of strong shaking was reported in Madeira. The quake was felt through the island, and on nearby Porto Santo Island. On the Azores Islands, American historian William Hickley Prescott wrote in a letter that violent shaking continued for 3.5 minutes, seriously damaging homes and other structures. There are no reports suggesting a tsunami struck the coast.M. A. Baptista J. M. Miranda Portuguese catalog of tsunamis Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2009 9 1 25–42 10.5194/nhess-9-25-2009 2009NHESS...9...25B https://d-nb.info/1149415045/34 free 10400.21/1265 free Much information and observations of the event in Lisbon is nonexistent due to the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, and the ongoing famine associated with the Year Without a Summer. See also List of earthquakes in Portugal List of earthquakes in the Azores References Category:February 1816 Category:1810s disasters in Europe Category:1816 disasters in North America Category:History of the Azores Category:Earthquakes in Portugal Category:1816 earthquakes Category:Earthquakes in Spain Category:History of Lisbon