1830–31 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 October 2015 1830–31 United States Senate elections United States 1822 legislative no 1828–29 United States Senate elections 1828 & 1829 1832–33 United States Senate elections 1832 & 1833 Class 3 1824–25 United States Senate elections 1824 & 1825 1836–37 United States Senate elections 1836 & 1837 16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 25 Dates vary by state 100px Seats up Jacksonian Party (US) 26 seats 25 8 26 1 7 Anti-Jacksonian Party (US) 19 seats 23 6 20 3 9 Nullifier Party New party 1 1 1 0 Majority Party Jacksonian Party (US) Jacksonian Party (US) File:1830senatemap.svg Results:#b8dbfcff Jacksonian Hold #4fa8fcff Jacksonian Gain#fce6b0ff Anti-Jacksonian Hold #f7cf27ff Anti-Jacksonian Gain#28c6afff Nullifier Gain #050d05ff Legislature Failed To Elect The 1830–31 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1830 and 1831, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3. The Jacksonians gained one seat from the Anti-Jacksonian coalition, but lost one seat to the short-lived Nullifier Party. By the time Congress first met in December 1831, however, the Jacksonians had a net loss of one seat. Results summary Senate party division, 22nd Congress (1831–1833) Majority party: Jacksonian (24–23) Minority party: Anti-Jackson (21–23) Other parties: Nullifier (2–1) Total seats: 48 Change in composition Before the elections After the January 7, 1830 special election in Delaware. AJ1 AJ2 AJ3 AJ4 AJ14 AJ13 AJ12 AJ11 AJ10 AJ9 AJ8 AJ7 AJ6 AJ5 AJ15Ind. IndianaRan AJ16La. LouisianaRan AJ17Md. MarylandRan AJ18Mo. MissouriRan AJ19N.Y. New YorkRan AJ20Pa. PennsylvaniaRan AJ21Conn. ConnecticutUnknown AJ22Vt. VermontUnknown AJ23OhioRetired J25N.C. North CarolinaRetired Majority → J24N.H. New HampshireUnknown J15 J16 J17 J18 J19Ala. AlabamaRan J20Ga. GeorgiaRan J21Ill. IllinoisRan J22S.C. South CarolinaRan J23Ky. KentuckyRan J14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5 J1 J2 J3 J4 As a result of the elections AJ1 AJ2 AJ3 AJ4 AJ14 AJ13 AJ12 AJ11 AJ10 AJ9 AJ8 AJ7 AJ6 AJ5 AJ15Ind. IndianaRe-elected AJ16La. LouisianaRe-elected AJ17Md. MarylandRe-elected AJ18Ala. AlabamaHold AJ19Conn. ConnecticutHold AJ20OhioHold V1Ky. KentuckyJ Loss N1S.C. South CarolinaGain J26Pa. PennsylvaniaGain J25N.Y. New YorkGain Majority → J24Mo. MissouriGain J15 J16 J17 J18 J19Ga. GeorgiaRe-elected J20Ill. IllinoisRe-elected J21N.H. New HampshireHold J22N.C. North CarolinaHold J23Vt. VermontHold J14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5 J1 J2 J3 J4 At the beginning of the first session, December 5, 1831 AJ1 AJ2 AJ3 AJ4 AJ14 AJ13 AJ12 AJ11 AJ10 AJ9 AJ8 AJ7 AJ6 AJ5 AJ15 AJ16 AJ17 AJ18 AJ19 AJ20 AJ21Kentucky class 3 seat: Legislature elected Anti-Jacksonian late in the Congress, on November 10, 1831.Gain AJ22Indiana class 1 seat: Jacksonian died February 26, 1831, in the previous Congress, and an Anti-Jacksonian Senator was appointed August 19, 1831.Gain N1 N2S.C. South CarolinaChanged PluralityThe Jacksonians maintained Senate control as evidenced by their electing Jacksonians as Presidents pro tempore: Samuel Smith, Littleton W. Tazewell, and Hugh Lawson White. → J24 J15 J16 J17 J18 J19 J20 J21 J22 J23 J14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5 J1 J2 J3 J4 Key: AJ# = Anti-Jacksonian J# = Jacksonian N# = Nullfier V# = Vacant Race summaries Bold states link to specific election articles. Special elections during the 21st Congress In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1830 or before March 4, 1831; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Mississippi(Class 2) Thomas B. Reed Jacksonian 1826 (special)1827 (lost)1828 Incumbent died November 26, 1829.Winner elected January 6, 1830.Jacksonian hold. Jacksonian Party Robert H. Adams (Jacksonian) February 2020 Delaware(Class 1) Louis McLane Jacksonian 1827 Incumbent resigned April 29, 1829 to become U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom.Winner elected January 7, 1830.Anti-Jacksonian gain. Anti-Jacksonian Party Arnold Naudain (Anti-Jacksonian) February 2020 Mississippi(Class 2) George Poindexter Jacksonian 1830 (appointed) Interim appointee elected November 18, 1830. Jacksonian Party George Poindexter (Jacksonian) 41 Unknown Party Joshua Child (Unknown) 61830 Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Mississippi, at Their Fourteenth Session, Held in the Town of Jackson https://discover.llmc.com/?a=d&d=LLMC-40802-1830-110.1.32&e=-------en-25--1--img-poindexter--------------------------1 Jackson, MS Peter Isler 30–31 Illinois(Class 2) David J. Baker Jacksonian 1830 (appointed) Incumbent appointee retired when elected successor qualified.Winner elected December 11, 1830 on the fifth ballot.Jacksonian hold. Jacksonian Party John M. Robinson (Jacksonian) 34 Unknown PartyThomas Mather (Unknown) 15 Jacksonian PartyRichard M. Young (Jacksonian) 1 Unknown PartyShadrach Bond (Unknown) 1 Unknown PartyTheophilus W. Smith (Unknown) 11831 Journal of the House of Representatives of the Seventh General Assembly of the State of Illinois, at Their First Session, Begun and Held at the Town of Dalia, December 6, 1830 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112083241692&seq=7 Vandalia, IL Robert Blackwell 85–89 Races leading to the 22nd Congress In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1831 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Alabama John McKinley Jacksonian 1826 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.Winner elected in 1831.Jacksonian hold. Jacksonian Party Gabriel Moore (Jacksonian) Jacksonian PartyJohn McKinley (Jacksonian) February 2020 Connecticut Calvin Willey Anti-Jacksonian 1825 Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.Winner elected May 20, 1830.Anti-Jacksonian hold. Anti-Jacksonian Party Gideon Tomlinson (Anti-Jacksonian) 158 UnknownR. M. Sherman (Unknown) 20 Scattering 17 May 27, 1830 Legislature of Connecticut https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020071/1830-05-27/ed-1/seq-2/ Litchfield enquirer Litchfield, Conn. 2 24 November 2020 May 27, 1830 Litchfield, May 27, 1830 https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020071/1830-05-27/ed-1/ Litchfield enquirer Litchfield, Conn. 3 24 November 2020 Georgia John Forsyth Jacksonian 1829 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1830 or 1831. Jacksonian Party John Forsyth (Jacksonian) February 2020 Illinois Elias Kane Jacksonian 1824 Incumbent re-elected December 11, 1830. Jacksonian Party Elias K. Kane (Jacksonian) 42 Jacksonian PartyJohn M. Robinson (Jacksonian) 6 Unknown PartyWilliam McHenry (Unknown) 1 Unknown PartyTimothy Guard (Unknown) 1 Unknown PartyConrad Will (Unknown) 1 Unknown PartyD.J. Baker (Unknown) 1 Indiana William Hendricks Anti-Jacksonian 1824 Incumbent re-elected December 18, 1830 on the fourth ballot. Anti-Jacksonian Party William Hendricks (Anti-Jacksonian) 44 Jacksonian Party Ratliff Boon (Jacksonian) 26 Anti-Jacksonian Party John Law (Jacksonian) 9 Anti-Jacksonian Party Charles Dewey (Jacksonian) 3 January 8, 1831 The "Indiana Republican" says https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044011310059&view=1up&seq=348&skin=2021 Niles' Weekly Register III 19 Baltimore 334 27 November 2021 Kentucky John Rowan Jacksonian 1824 Legislature elected late.Jacksonian loss. February 2020 Louisiana Josiah S. Johnston Anti-Jacksonian 1824 (appointed)1825 Incumbent re-elected in 1831. Anti-Jacksonian Party Josiah S. Johnston (Anti-Jacksonian) February 2020 Maryland Ezekiel F. Chambers Anti-Jacksonian 1826 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1831. Anti-Jacksonian Party Ezekiel F. Chambers (Anti-Jacksonian) February 2020 Missouri David Barton Anti-Jacksonian 18211825 Incumbent lost re-election.Winner elected in 1830.Jacksonian gain. Jacksonian Party Alexander Buckner (Jacksonian) Anti-Jacksonian PartyDavid Barton (Anti-Jacksonian) February 2020 New Hampshire Levi Woodbury Jacksonian 1825 Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.Winner elected in 1831.Jacksonian hold. Jacksonian Party Isaac Hill (Jacksonian) February 2020 New York Nathan Sanford Anti-Jacksonian 1826 (late) Incumbent lost re-election.Winner elected February 1, 1831.Jacksonian gain. Jacksonian Party William L. Marcy (Jacksonian) 20+86 Anti-Masonic PartySamuel Works (Anti-Masonic) 5+27 Anti-Jacksonian PartyNathan Sanford (Anti-Jacksonian) 0+1 North Carolina James Iredell Jr. Jacksonian 1828 (special) Incumbent retired.Winner elected in 1830.Jacksonian hold. Jacksonian Party Willie P. Mangum (Jacksonian) February 2020 Ohio Jacob Burnet Anti-Jacksonian 1828 (special) Incumbent retired.Winner elected in 1830.Anti-Jacksonian hold. Anti-Jacksonian Party Thomas Ewing (Anti-Jacksonian) 54 Jacksonian PartyMicajah T. Williams (Jacksonian) 51 Anti-Jacksonian PartyEdward King (Anti-Jacksonian) 2 Pennsylvania William Marks Anti-Jacksonian 1825 Incumbent lost re-election.Winner elected in 1830 or 1831.Jacksonian gain. Jacksonian Party William Wilkins (Jacksonian) Anti-Jacksonian PartyWilliam Marks (Anti-Jacksonian) February 2020 South Carolina William Smith Jacksonian 1826 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.Winner elected in 1830 or 1831.Nullifier gain. Nullifier Party Stephen D. Miller (Nullifier) Jacksonian PartyWilliam Smith (Jacksonian) February 2020 Vermont Dudley Chase Anti-Jacksonian 1825 Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.Winner elected in 1831.Anti-Jacksonian hold. Anti-Jacksonian Party Samuel Prentiss (Anti-Jacksonian) February 2020 Elections during the 22nd Congress In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1831 after March 4; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Kentucky(Class 3) Vacant Legislature elected late.New senator elected November 10, 1831.Anti-Jacksonian gain. Anti-Jacksonian Party Henry Clay (Anti-Jacksonian) 73 Jacksonian PartyRichard M. Johnson (Jacksonian) 64 UnknownWorden Pope (Unknown) 1Journals of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky 14 Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, November 7, 1831 - December 23, 1831 A. G. Meriwether 1831 https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ky_state_journals/14 47 Louisiana(Class 2) Edward Livingston Jacksonian 1828 or 1829 Incumbent resigned May 24, 1831 to become U.S. Secretary of State.Winner elected November 15, 1831.Anti-Jacksonian gain. Anti-Jacksonian Party George A. Waggaman (Anti-Jacksonian) February 2020 Pennsylvania(Class 1) Isaac D. Barnard Jacksonian 1826 Incumbent resigned December 6, 1831 due to ill health.Winner elected December 13, 1831.U.S. Senate Election - 13 December 1831 http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1831.pdf Wilkes University December 21, 2012Jacksonian hold. Jacksonian Party George M. Dallas (Jacksonian) 67 Jacksonian PartyJoseph Hemphill (Jacksonian) 34 Anti-Masonic PartyRichard Rush (Anti-Masonic) 30 Jacksonian PartySamuel B. Davis (Jacksonian) 1 Not voting 1 Alabama List of United States senators from Alabama 1831 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama February 2020 Connecticut List of United States senators from Connecticut 1831 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut February 2020 Delaware (special) List of United States senators from Delaware 1830 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware February 2020 Georgia List of United States senators from Georgia 1830 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia February 2020 Illinois List of United States senators from Illinois 1831 United States House of Representatives election in Illinois Illinois had two elections in this cycle: one for each seat. Illinois (regular) For the Class 3 seat, one-term incumbent Jacksonian Elias Kane was re-elected on December 11, 1830, for the term beginning March 4, 1831. Illinois (special) For the Class 2 seat, Jacksonian incumbent John McLean, who had been elected in 1828 or 1829, died October 14, 1830. Jacksonian David J. Baker was appointed November 12, 1830 to continue the term until a special election. On December 11, 1830, Jacksonian John McCracken Robinson was elected to finish the term and was seated January 4, 1831. Indiana List of United States senators from Indiana 1831 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana February 2020 Kentucky Kentucky had two elections in this cycle. List of United States senators from Kentucky 1831 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky When Jacksonian John Rowan's term ended March 3, 1831, the legislature had not yet voted a replacement. When the legislature resumed for its session in November 1831, Anti-Jacksonian Henry Clay was elected, but still in time to participate when the 22nd Congress convened in December 1831. Kentucky (regular) February 2020 Kentucky (special) February 2020 Louisiana Louisiana had two elections in this cycle. List of United States senators from Louisiana 1830 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana Louisiana (regular) February 2020 Louisiana (special) February 2020 Maryland List of United States senators from Maryland November 2022 1831 United States Senate election in Maryland 53 FFE6B0 72.60% National Republican Ezekiel F. Chambers Ezekiel Forman Chambers (1788–1867).jpg 20 27.40% No votes 1835 1835 United States Senate special election in Maryland 1826 1826 United States Senate special election in Maryland 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Legislative February 24, 1831 presidential Ezekiel F. Chambers won election over non-voters by a margin of 45.21%, or 33 votes, for the Class 3 seat.https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122875 Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Feb 24, 1831 2022-11-05 www.ourcampaigns.com Mississippi (special) List of United States senators from Mississippi 1830 United States House of Representatives election in Mississippi February 2020 Missouri List of United States senators from Missouri 1831 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri February 2020 New Hampshire List of United States senators from New Hampshire 1831 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire February 2020 New York 1831 United States Senate election in New York List of United States senators from New York 1830 United States House of Representatives elections in New York The Senate election in New York was held on February 1, 1831, by the New York State Legislature. Nathan Sanford had been elected in 1826 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1831. At the state election in November 1830, the Jacksonians managed to defeat the combined Anti-Masons and Anti-Jacksonians. Enos T. Throop was narrowly re-elected Governor, a large Jacksonian majority was elected to the Assembly, and five of the nine State Senators elected were Jacksonian Democrats. The 54th New York State Legislature met from January 4 to April 26, 1831, at Albany, New York. The Jacksonian State legislators held a caucus before the election, and n The Jacksonian State legislators held a caucus before the electionominated New York Supreme Court Justice William L. Marcy. The vote was 77 for Marcy, 15 for Erastus Root, 6 for the incumbent Nathan Sanford and 6 scattering votes. William L. Marcy was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected. House Jacksonian Anti-Mason Anti-Jacksonian State Senate (32 members) William L. Marcy 20 Samuel Works 5 State Assembly (128 members) William L. Marcy 86 Samuel Works 27 Nathan Sanford 1 North Carolina List of United States senators from North Carolina 1831 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina February 2020 Ohio List of United States senators from Ohio 1830 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio The two houses of the Ohio General Assembly met during the winter of 1830–1831 in joint assembly to elect a Senator (Class 3). After seven ballots, on various dates, Thomas Ewing was elected on a majority of the ballots. The balloting was as follows:Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900… William Alexander Taylor Aubrey Clarence Taylor 1899 State of Ohio 151 https://books.google.com/books?id=ztegAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA151 Ballot Thomas Ewing(Anti-Jacksonian) Micajah T. Williams(Jacksonian) Edward King(Anti-Jacksonian) 1 33 49 21 2 37 50 21 3 42 49 16 4 46 52 9 5 51 51 5 6 54 53 2 7 54 51 2 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania had two election in this cycle. List of United States senators from Pennsylvania 1830 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (regular) 1830 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania- February 2020 Pennsylvania (special) 1831 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania Following the December 6, 1831 resignation of Senator Isaac Barnard due to ill health, the Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on December 13, 1831, to elect a new Senator to fill the vacancy. Eleven ballots were recorded. The results of the eleventh and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows: State Legislature ResultsU.S. Senate Election - 13 December 1831 http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1831.pdf Wilkes University December 21, 2012PA US Senate - Special Election http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=345208 OurCampaigns December 21, 2012 Democratic Party (US) George M. Dallas 67 50.38 Democratic Party (US) Joseph Hemphill 34 25.56% Anti-Masonic Party Richard Rush 30 22.56% Democratic Party (US) Samuel B. Davis 1 0.75% N/A Not voting 1 0.75% | - ! colspan=3 align=right | Totals ! align=right | 133 ! align=right | 100.00% |} Vermont List of United States senators from Vermont 1830–1832 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont February 2020 See also 1830 United States elections 1830–31 United States House of Representatives elections 21st United States Congress 22nd United States Congress Notes References Sources Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov